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Research article:-Biochemistry
®Nwaoguikpe R N1, Ujowundu CO1, Wesley B 2
1Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 1526,Owerri,Imo State,Nigeria.
2Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B.1526,Owerri,Imo State, Nigeria.
Abstract:- The phytochemical and biochemical compositions of African walnut (Tetracarpidum conophorum) were determined for two samples of the variety-the boiled and mashed wet nuts, and the dried powdered nuts. Results of phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of the following expressed as percentage. For the mashed wet nuts: Saponins (8.37±0.1); flavonoids (3.20 ±0.2); phenols (1.90±0.1), tannins (0.51±0.0) and alkaloids (0.41±0.1). For the dried and powdered variety, the results are- Saponins (5.03±0.2); flavonoids (2.70 ±0.1), tannins (0.45±0.1), phenols (1.51±0.1) and alkaloids (0.350±0.1). Proximate compositional analysis expressed as percentage shows the following results: moisture (45.01±0.1)WM,(2.88±0.02)DP; Crude fat (13.81±0.01) WM, (32.21±0.01) DP; Crude protein (18.75±0.01) WM, (13.72±0.02 ) DP;CHO (18.43±0.1) WM,(46.38±0.2) DP; Crude fiber (1.95±02) WM,(1.72±0.02 ) DP; Ash (1.91±0.01) WM,(3.11±0.01) DP, FE( 273.01±0.1) WM, (530.29±0.02) DP. The values of the vitamins are expressed in mg/ml as shownbelow:VitaminA is expressed in µg/ml(1283.33±1.18)DP, (285.60±0.2)WM;Vit.C (14.80±0.02)DP,(17.57±0.01)WM;riboflavin (0.12±0.02)DP,(0.12±0.02)WM;Thiamine(B1) (0.20±0.01)DP,(0.12±0.01)WM; Niacin(2.81±0.01)DP,(2.91±0.01).The mineral composition of the nut is very outstanding and not significantly affected by the processing methods. The values of the minerals are shown as follows: Mg (0.36±0.01) DP.,(0.31±0.01)WM; Ca (2.10±0.2)DP, (1.88±0.1)WM; P(0.35±0.01)DP, (0.36±0.01)WM and others. The phytochemical and nutrient compositions of this tropical nut are expository and depicts the role of the seeds in nutrition and health.
Keywords:-Biochemical composition, phytochemicals, African walnut.
Research article:-
Das S, Tiwari K L, Sen S, * Singh A. G D. Rungta College of Science and Technology, Kohka, Kurud road, Bhilai, (C.G.),India.
Abstract:-DNA extraction is an important step in molecular assays and plays a vital role in obtaining high resolution results in gel-based systems. So far Many genomic DNA extraction protocols have been described. Here a rapid DNA extraction method is described which is a very simple, fast, universally applicable and reproducible method to extract high quality genomic DNA using formaldehyde. Formaldehyde cross linking has been widely used to study binding of specific proteins to DNA elements in intact cells. Here we show that intact good quality high molecular weight DNA can be extracted from the formaldehyde- DNA cross linking. Normal quantity was obtained by this method. The DNA was extracted from paddy grasshopper ( Gastrimargus musicus )in a single step. The method does not require expensive and environmentally hazardous reagents and equipment. It can be performed even in low technology laboratories. The amount of tissue required by this method is less.
Keywords:- Grasshopper, formaldehyde, DNA.
Research article:- Community medicine
Makwana, Naresh R 1, Shah, Viral R2, Goswami Kalpesh3,Yadav Sudha 4
1Associate Professor.,2 Assistant Prof., 3PG student.,4 Professor and head, Department of Community Medicine, Shri M. P. Shah Medical College,Jamnagar,Gujarat,India.
Abstract:- Background: The elderly population is expected to grow considerably in the near future. This rise will especially be prominent in the developing countries where an increment of 140% is projected, compared to 51% in the developed countries. As a result of this, a significant impact on the overall healthcare cost is inevitable. Research has shown that health related conditions and socio-economic factors influence disability in the elderly. Aims & Objectives: To study various health related problems in elderly population. Material and Methods: 240 elderly individuals, 80 each from Urban, Urban slum and Rural Areas of Jamnagar district of Gujarat were enrolled in study by simple random sampling method. Information regarding Socio-demographic details and health related problems of study subjects were collected in pretested proforma. Results: Mean number of health problem was 1.73. Difficulty in vision was observed in 133(55.43)% of study subjects while this proportion was 68(28.33%) for difficulty in hearing. Major health problems were Cataract 58 (24.17%), Bronchitis 52 (21.68%) & Bronchial asthma 43 (17.92%). Non-communicable diseases i.e. Hypertension and Diabetes were found in 27(11.25%) and 16(6.67%). Significant association was found between prevalence of hypertension and social class of study subjects, while this difference was non significant for Diabetes. Statistical Tests: Percentage, Chi-square .
Key Words :- Geriatric, Health Problem, Cross sectional.
Review article:-
* Adesina Adeolu Jonathan .
Department of Chemistry. Ekiti State University,PMB 5363, Ado Ekiti. Nigeria.
Abstract:- The world wide diversity of dietary intakes of n-6 and n-3 fatty acids influences tissue compositions of n-3 long chain fatty acids: eicosapentaenoic, docosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids and risk of cardiovascular and mental illness. Linoleic acid (LA) and alpha- linolenic acid (ALA) belong to the n-6 (Omega -6) and n-3 (Omega- 3) series of PUFA (polyunsaturated fatty acids) respectively. They are defined ‘’ essential’’ fatty acids since they are not synthesized in the human body and are mostly obtained from the diet. Food sources of ALA and LA are mostly vegetable oils, cereals and walnuts. Recent advances in chromatographic identification of CLA isomers, combined with interest in their possible properties in promoting human health (e.g., cancer prevention, decreased atherosclerosis, improved immune response) and animal performance (e.g., body composition, regulation of milk fat synthesis, milk production further promotes the interest in research on PUFA . This review deeply probes into the chemistry, health benefits, and risks of n-3 and n-6 PUFA linking their biological functions to biochemistry and metabolism as well as revising the important cardioprotective effects of n-3in the secondary prevention of sudden cardiac death due to arrhythmias.
Keywords:- Classification, biosynthesis, health implications, n-3 and n-6 PUFAs.
Research article:-Medical microbiology
*Laghawe Avinash R1, MS. Jaitly Neelam K2, Thombare Vilas R3.
*1M.D. (Microbiology), Asst. Professor, Dept. of microbiology,Sri Aurobindo medical college and P. G. Institute, Indore, M.P., India.
2M.D. (Microbiology), Professor, 3 Professor and HOD, Dept. of Microbiology, N.K.P. Salve Institute of medical sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
Abstract:- Purpose: The purpose of this study was to detect the prevalence of AmpC Beta-lactamases in Gram-negative bacilli. Methods: Screening for AmpC was done by using various third generation cephalosporins (3GC) and cefoxitin. Organisms resistant to cefoxitin and reduced susceptibility to 3GCs were tested for presence of AmpC by AmpC disc test. Results: Total 432 isolates were isolated from 414 samples. Out of 432 isolates, 69(15.97%) were (48 pure and 21 mixed) AmpC β-lactamases and 21(4.86%) isolates were positive for both ESBL and AmpC. Out of 48 pure AmpC producers, 47.91% (23/48) were Inducible AmpC β-lactamases. Out of 48 pure AmpC producers, 42(87.5%) were from indoor patients and 6(12.5%) were from outdoor patients. Of the mixed beta lactamases (ESBL + AmpC), all (21) were from indoor patients. Conclusion: Regular monitoring of the incidence of the AmpC Beta-lactamase production by organisms is necessary. As the Beta-lactamase producing organisms are also present in outdoor patients, they also should be screened for Beta-lactamases. As high-level expression of AmpC Beta-lactamases may mask recognition of ESBL, detection of AmpC Beta-lactamase should be done along with ESBL detection. Inducible AmpC Beta-lactamases can lead to transmission of drug resistance to other bacteria through plasmids.
Keywords:- AmpC, Cefoxitin, Third generation cephalosporins(3GC), Beta lactamases.