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Research article:-Biochemistry
®Nwaoguikpe R N1, Ujowundu CO1, Wesley B 2
1Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 1526,Owerri,Imo State,Nigeria.
2Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B.1526,Owerri,Imo State, Nigeria.
Abstract:- The phytochemical and biochemical compositions of African walnut (Tetracarpidum conophorum) were determined for two samples of the variety-the boiled and mashed wet nuts, and the dried powdered nuts. Results of phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of the following expressed as percentage. For the mashed wet nuts: Saponins (8.37±0.1); flavonoids (3.20 ±0.2); phenols (1.90±0.1), tannins (0.51±0.0) and alkaloids (0.41±0.1). For the dried and powdered variety, the results are- Saponins (5.03±0.2); flavonoids (2.70 ±0.1), tannins (0.45±0.1), phenols (1.51±0.1) and alkaloids (0.350±0.1). Proximate compositional analysis expressed as percentage shows the following results: moisture (45.01±0.1)WM,(2.88±0.02)DP; Crude fat (13.81±0.01) WM, (32.21±0.01) DP; Crude protein (18.75±0.01) WM, (13.72±0.02 ) DP;CHO (18.43±0.1) WM,(46.38±0.2) DP; Crude fiber (1.95±02) WM,(1.72±0.02 ) DP; Ash (1.91±0.01) WM,(3.11±0.01) DP, FE( 273.01±0.1) WM, (530.29±0.02) DP. The values of the vitamins are expressed in mg/ml as shownbelow:VitaminA is expressed in µg/ml(1283.33±1.18)DP, (285.60±0.2)WM;Vit.C (14.80±0.02)DP,(17.57±0.01)WM;riboflavin (0.12±0.02)DP,(0.12±0.02)WM;Thiamine(B1) (0.20±0.01)DP,(0.12±0.01)WM; Niacin(2.81±0.01)DP,(2.91±0.01).The mineral composition of the nut is very outstanding and not significantly affected by the processing methods. The values of the minerals are shown as follows: Mg (0.36±0.01) DP.,(0.31±0.01)WM; Ca (2.10±0.2)DP, (1.88±0.1)WM; P(0.35±0.01)DP, (0.36±0.01)WM and others. The phytochemical and nutrient compositions of this tropical nut are expository and depicts the role of the seeds in nutrition and health.
Keywords:-Biochemical composition, phytochemicals, African walnut.
Research article:-Medical microbiology
*Laghawe Avinash R1, MS. Jaitly Neelam K2, Thombare Vilas R3.
*1M.D. (Microbiology), Asst. Professor, Dept. of microbiology,Sri Aurobindo medical college and P. G. Institute, Indore, M.P., India.
2M.D. (Microbiology), Professor, 3 Professor and HOD, Dept. of Microbiology, N.K.P. Salve Institute of medical sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
Abstract:- Purpose: The purpose of this study was to detect the prevalence of AmpC Beta-lactamases in Gram-negative bacilli. Methods: Screening for AmpC was done by using various third generation cephalosporins (3GC) and cefoxitin. Organisms resistant to cefoxitin and reduced susceptibility to 3GCs were tested for presence of AmpC by AmpC disc test. Results: Total 432 isolates were isolated from 414 samples. Out of 432 isolates, 69(15.97%) were (48 pure and 21 mixed) AmpC β-lactamases and 21(4.86%) isolates were positive for both ESBL and AmpC. Out of 48 pure AmpC producers, 47.91% (23/48) were Inducible AmpC β-lactamases. Out of 48 pure AmpC producers, 42(87.5%) were from indoor patients and 6(12.5%) were from outdoor patients. Of the mixed beta lactamases (ESBL + AmpC), all (21) were from indoor patients. Conclusion: Regular monitoring of the incidence of the AmpC Beta-lactamase production by organisms is necessary. As the Beta-lactamase producing organisms are also present in outdoor patients, they also should be screened for Beta-lactamases. As high-level expression of AmpC Beta-lactamases may mask recognition of ESBL, detection of AmpC Beta-lactamase should be done along with ESBL detection. Inducible AmpC Beta-lactamases can lead to transmission of drug resistance to other bacteria through plasmids.
Keywords:- AmpC, Cefoxitin, Third generation cephalosporins(3GC), Beta lactamases.
Research article:-
Das S, Tiwari K L, Sen S, * Singh A. G D. Rungta College of Science and Technology, Kohka, Kurud road, Bhilai, (C.G.),India.
Abstract:-DNA extraction is an important step in molecular assays and plays a vital role in obtaining high resolution results in gel-based systems. So far Many genomic DNA extraction protocols have been described. Here a rapid DNA extraction method is described which is a very simple, fast, universally applicable and reproducible method to extract high quality genomic DNA using formaldehyde. Formaldehyde cross linking has been widely used to study binding of specific proteins to DNA elements in intact cells. Here we show that intact good quality high molecular weight DNA can be extracted from the formaldehyde- DNA cross linking. Normal quantity was obtained by this method. The DNA was extracted from paddy grasshopper ( Gastrimargus musicus )in a single step. The method does not require expensive and environmentally hazardous reagents and equipment. It can be performed even in low technology laboratories. The amount of tissue required by this method is less.
Keywords:- Grasshopper, formaldehyde, DNA.
Case study:-General surgery
*Satya Ranjan Patra1, V Srinivas2, GL Prasad3
1Associate Professor in General Surgery ,Madha Medical College And Hospital ,Thandalam Kovur Chennai 600122.India.
2Assistant Professor,3 Professor & HOD , General Surgery, PSI Medical College & Hospital ,Chinnaoutapalli Ganavaram, Andhra Pradesh 521286,India.
Abstract:- A case with recurrent small bowel obstruction, which was operated for a small bowel tumour four years ago, was operated upon and was found to be suffering with enteric stricture; enterocolic fistula and multiple mesenteric lymph nodes. Intestinal obstruction was managed by resection of the lesions and primary anastomosis of the intestine. Histo pathology revealed recurrent small bowel adenocarcinoma with lymphnode metastasis. Patient underwent 5- FU based chemotherapy and survived for twenty months.
Keywords:- Recurrent Small bowel adenocarcinoma, malignant obstruction, adjuvant chemotherapy.
Research article:- Biochemistry
Oseni Lateef A.* and Yussif Issah.
Department of Applied chemistry & Biochemistry, University For Development Studies, P.O. Box 24, Navrongo, Ghana.
Abstract:- The increased incidence of bacteria resistance to many antibacterial drugs is of great concern and medicinal plants have proven as an alternative source of antibacterial agents. Taraxacum officinale is a stemless herb used as food vegetable and medicine. The plant is found chiefly as a persistent weed in many temperate regions. Previous reports show that the leaves of T. officinale contain bioactive components. In the current research, the ethanolic and aqueous leaf extracts of T. officinale were screened for phytochemicals and in vitro antibacterial activity. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoneae, Pseudomonas auregenosa and Staphylococcus aureus were used as test organisms. Data was analyzed using Mann-Whitney U-test and P values less than 0.05 were considered significant. Preliminary phytochemical screening of aqueous and ethanolic leaf extract of T. officinale revealed the presence of saponins, phenolics, triterpenes tannins, phytosteroids and reducing sugar some of which have been reported to be bioactive. The bacterial growth inhibition activity of the extracts was evaluated using agar well diffusion method at concentrations ranging from 50mg/ml to 200mg/ml. At concentration 200mg/ml, the ethanolic leaf extract showed inhibition against only E. coli and S. aureus with mean diameter of zone of inhibition of 23.50±1.00 mm and 10.75±1.50 mm respectively. At concentration 100mg/ml, the mean diameter zone of inhibition for the ethanolic extract were 16.00±2.83 mm and 9.00±0.82 mm against E. coli and S. aureus respectively. At concentration 50mg/ml, the ethanolic leaf extract showed inhibition against only E. coli with mean diameter of the zone of inhibition of 10.50±1.00 mm. The aqueous extract on the other hand showed inhibition against E. coli only at 200mg/ml and 100mg/ml. The result reveals that antibacterial activities of aqueous and ethanolic leaf extract of T. officinale were concentration dependent. The result further suggests that the ethanolic extract of T. officinale was the most active compared with the aqueous extract. Of the bacteria tested, E. coli was the most susceptible to the extracts. In conclusion, both aqueous and ethanolic extract of T. officinale possess significant (P < 0.05) antibacterial activity and may be very useful in the discovery of novel antibacterial agents.
Keywords:- Antibacterial assay, Taraxacum officinale, agar well diffusion, Phytocompounds