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Original research article:- Medical Bochemistry
Kiran Chugh1, Sandeep Goyal2, Vijay shankar1,* Manjulata Kumawat1, S.N. Chugh2, Manjri Goyal2.
1Department of Biochemistry, Pt. B. D. Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India.
2Department of Medicine, Pt. B. D. Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India.
Abstract:- Background and Objectives: Metabolic syndrome is the name given to a syndrome that is seen more often in people who are overweight or obese, and who have specific conditions that increase the risk of heart disease, diabetes, stroke, and other health problems. Metabolic syndrome is diagnosed when three out of the following five risk factors are evident. Researchers have now found that even subtle changes in thyroid function increase the risk for metabolic syndrome. We evaluated the thyroid function tests in obesity to explore the possibility of thyroid receptor resistance. Methods: the study was a cross-sectional study. It included 50 obese subjects with Body Mass Index (BMI) > 30 kg/m2 as cases (group I) and 25 individuals with BMI < 25 kg/m2 as controls (group II). T3 (Triiodothyronin), T4 (Thyroxine), TSH (Thyroid stimulating hormone) levels were measured as indicator of thyroid functions. Blood sugar and serum Insulin levels were measured. To define insulin resistance, Homeostasis model for insulin resistance (HOMA IR) was calculated in both groups and the HOMA IR value obtained in group II individuals served as reference mark. Based on the HOMA IR, group I subjects were divided into insulin resistant (subgroup IA) and insulin nonresistant (subgroup IB) individuals. Thyroid function tests were compared in both subgroups. Results: T3 and T4 levels were comparable whereas there was significant difference in TSH levels in insulin resistant (subgroup IA) and insulin nonresistant (subgroup IB) individuals. Conclusion: Raised TSH in insulin resistant obese persons independent of lowered T3 and T4 suggest it to be a part of insulin resistant state in obesity.
Keywords:-Obesity, Body mass index (BMI), Thyroid function tests, Insulin resistance, Homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA IR), Thyroid receptor resistance.
Research article:-Medical biochemistry
* Nandedkar Prerna D.1, Kamble Mahendra T.2, Lokhande Suryabhan L.1, Vaidya Seema M.3, Chitta Shrinivas S.4
1M.B.B.S., M.D. (Biochemistry), Assistant professor (Biochemistry), Dept. of Biochemistry, Seth G.S. Medical college and hospital, Parel (E), Mumbai (M.S.),India.
2M.B.B.S., M.D. (Biochemistry), Assistant Professor, Dept. of Biochemistry, Govt. Medical College & Cancer Hospital, Aurangabad (M.S.),India.
3 M.Sc.(Biochemistry), PhD., Professor, Dept. of Biochemistry, Government Medical college, Latur, (M.S.),India.
4 M.B.B.S, M.D. (Physiology), Junior resident, Dept. of Physiology, Government Medical college, Nagpur, (M.S.), India.
Abstract:- Background: Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a higher prevalence of dyslipidemias than the general population. Almost all patients of CKD with nephrotic syndrome have an abnormal lipid profile and the cause of death in most of patients is cardiovascular complications. This dyslipidemia may be correlated with proteinuria. Therefore, it is important to screen all patients of CKD with nephrotic syndrome for dyslipidemia and find out its correlation with proteinuria. Aim:To estimate lipid profile and 24 hour urinary protein in patients of CKD with nephrotic syndrome. Settings and designs: This cross sectional study was undertaken in the Department of Biochemistry and Department of Medicine of Government Medical College and hospital Nagpur, Maharashtra. Material and method and statistical analysis: lipid profile and 24 hour urinary protein excretion were analyzed and compared between 50 age & sex matched CKD with nephrotic syndrome cases and CKD without nephrotic syndrome controls of age group 25‐60 years using unpaired two‐tailed Student‘t’ test. Results:Values of total cholesterol (p<0.001), triglyceride (p<0.001), LDL-C (p<0.001) and 24 hour proteinuria (p<0.001) were significantly higher in CKD with nephrotic syndrome compared to CKD without nephrotic syndrome but values of HDL-C (p<0.001) were significantly lower compared to CKD without nephrotic syndrome. Conclusion: Cardiovascular complications can be more frequent in patients of CKD with nephrotic syndrome and dyslipidemia correlates directly with severity of 24 hour proteinuria.
Keywords:- (CKD) chronic kidney disease, (NS) nephrotic syndrome, 24 hour proteinuria, Dyslipidemia,(CVD) cardiovascular disease.
Original research article:-Microbiology
* D.Lalitha Devi1, B.Srinivas2, Bandaru Narasinga Rao 3.
1 Assistant Professor, Dept. of Pharmacology, GSL Medical College, Rajahmundry, A.P., India. 2Tutor in Microbiology, 3Professor & Head, Dept. of Microbiology, Rajivgandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS) Srikakulam-532 001(AP).,India.
Abstract:- Objective: The present investigation was aimed to examine the antimicrobial activity of Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) crude extracts of Aloe barbadensis Miller (Aloe vera) gel against the selected bacterial and fungal pathogens of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pnemoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Psedomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus niger , Candida albicans and Penicillium sps. Methods: The bacteria and fungi were identified and confirmed by conventional microbiology techniques and the antimicrobial activity was carried out by standard disc diffusion method against the pathogens by using the crude DMSO extracts of A. vera gel. Results: The antibacterial and fungal activity has been observed in the DMSO gel extracts of A. vera against all the tested bacteria and fungi with varied activity. The maximum zone of inhibition 15mm for E. coli, 13 mm for P. mirabilis, 11mm for Proteus mirabilis and 10 mm for Pseudomonas aeruginosa of Gram Negative and 16 mm for Staphylococcus aureus of Gram Positive bacterial test organisms observed. Similar to antibacterial, the antifungal activity of the A. vera gel extracts also varied according to the concentration. The maximum zone of inhibition 13 mm for C. albicians, 10 mm for Penicillium sps were observed. The A. vera gel extracts were failed to show the zone of inhibition against the A. niger. Conclusion: It is hoped that this study would lead to the establishment of some compounds that could be used to formulate new and more potent antimicrobial drugs of natural origin.
Keywords:- Aloe barbadensisMiller; Aloe vera;; Anti-Bacterial; Anti-fungal; Antimicrobial activity.
Research article:-Anatomy
* A.Mary Antony Praba¹, C.Venkatramaniah². ¹Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, Tagore Medical College, Chennai, India.
²Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, Sri Lakshmi Narayana Institute of Medical Sciences, Pondy, India.
Abstract:- Pterion is a region in the anterior part of the floor of the temporal fossa where the greater wing of the sphenoid, the parietal, frontal and the squamous temporal bones meet and form a H shaped suture. Alternatively it is the meeting region of these 4 bones(1,2). It is an commonly used landmark to find the place of anterior division of middle meningeal artery inside. There are four different types of pterions they are the spenoparietal, frontotemporal, stellate and the epipteric varieties(3,2,4). Because the anatomical variation is been so much cared by the forensic anthropologists, neurosurgeons and the forensic pathologists, we find it necessary to study the occurrence of different types of pterion in the skulls of Tamil Nadu regions. So as to full fill the criteria the different types of pterion and it’s occurrence in relation with the middle meningeal artery is been studied. The most occurring type of pterion among tamil nadu skulls are found to be the spenoparietal variety and the frontotemporal the least. Each pterion has a little difference their association with the middle meningeal artery and is important for neurosurgeons and forensic anthropologists.
Key Words :- Pterion, frontozygomatic suture, meningeal.
Research article:-
Maninder Karan1, Prerna Sarup2, Vandana Suneja3, *Karan Vasisht1.
1M. Pharm., Ph. D.2 M. Pharm.3 BAMS. University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences–UGC Centre for Advanced Studies , Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
Abstract:- Guggulu is an esteemed product of Ayurveda, used for over thousands of years and enjoy high status for its versatile use in several ailments. The two most important pharmacological properties of guggulu are its anti-inflammatory and hypolipidaemic actions. Ayurvedic texts describe at least seven purification processes of raw guggulu before incorporating it into different formulations to overcome the side effects. The present study was undertaken to find out the effect of seven different methods of purification of raw guggulu on inflammation. The anti-inflammatory activity of guggulu purified by different methods was found to be quiet variable and the activity of different guggulu’s was in the order: nirgundi swaras with haldi curna > vasa kasaya > cow milk > vasa swarasa > water/cow urine > triphla kasaya. The maximum activity shown by guggulu purified in nirgundi swaras with haldi curna was 50.16 percent at 3 h, while guggulu purified in triphla kasaya exhibited 36.72 percent protection at same time interval.
Keywords:-Guggulu, Ayurvedic purification methods (sodhanvidhi), anti-inflammatory activity.