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Research article:-Clinical pharmacy
OMOLE, Moses Kayode1 Pharm. D. & OWODUNNI, Khadijat Oluwatoyin2 M. Pharm.
1Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
2Department of Pharmacy,University College Hospital(UCH),Ibadan ,Nigeria.
Abstract:- This prospective study investigated nursing mothers’ knowledge and factors influencing compliance there with immunization regimen in a state government-owned children hospital – Oni Memorial Children Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria on Jan 5th, 2005. The study population comprised of mothers who had children aged between 0-24 months. One hundred and forty (140) nursing mothers who consented were randomly selected from 210 nursing mothers that daily visited the clinic on immunization day of January 5th, 2005 with structured questionnaires administered. There were 71.4% mothers having enough knowledge on immunization regimen compliance and 28.6% mothers without enough knowledge. 38.6% mothers with post-secondary education complied as a against 3.6% mothers with the same post secondary education who did not comply. 45.0% mothers viewed health workers’ attitudes as pleasant while 8.6% mothers perceived otherwise. 46.4% mothers employed by various organizations complied as against 27.9% self-employed mothers who did not comply. 28.6% mothers presenting their third baby at the time of study complied while 2.9% of mothers with their third baby did not comply. Five hypotheses were tested using chi-square at 0.05 level of significance, and all the hypotheses were rejected. Though, it was discovered that most mothers studied had enough knowledge on the common childhood diseases as well as the importance of immunization in combating such, several factors have been found that can influence compliance with the immunization regimen.
Keywords:-Immunization, Vaccines, Mothers’ Knowledge, Compliance, Non compliance South West Nigeria.
Original Research article:-Medical microbiology
1*Dr Alka Nerurkar, 2Dr Priti Solanky, 3Dr Shanta S. Naik.
1* (M.D. Microbiology) Associate Professor, Dept. of Microbiology, GMERS Medical College, Valsad, 2(M.D. Community Medicine) Assistant Professor, Dept. of Community Medicine, GMERS Medical College, Valsad, 3(M.D. Pathology & Bacteriology) Consultant Pathologist & Bacteriologist Dr Shanta Naik’s Pathology Laboratory, Bandra West, Mumbai- 400 050,India.
Abstract:- Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the commonest infections encountered by clinicians and despite the widespread availability of antimicrobial agents UTI has become difficult to treat because of appearance of pathogens with increasing resistance to antimicrobial agents. Objectives: The aim and objectives of this study were to determine the etiological Bacterial pathogens of the UTI and to determine the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of pathogens isolated. Methodology: The present study was a cross sectional study carried out in a private pathology laboratory situated in western Mumbai from January 2008 to December 2010. Total 280 urine samples were tested bacteriologically and for antibiotic susceptibility using standard procedures. Results: Out of 280 urine samples 168 (60%) patients tested positive for culture. E.coli was the most common isolate (44.96%) followed by Enterobacter spp (17.83%) and Klebsiella spp (14.72%) amongst the gram negative bacilli. Amongst the gram positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (92.3 %) was commonest. E. coli which was the main isolate identified was found to be highly susceptible to Amikacin (82.2%) followed by Ciprofloxacin (78.2%), Gentamicin (80.4%) ,Ampicillin (59%) and Nitrofurantoin (57%). Conclusion: This study finding showed that E. coli isolates were the predominant pathogens and showed increasing resistance pattern to the commonly prescribed drugs in private practise that in turn leaves the clinicians with very few alternative options of drugs for the treatment of UTIs.
Key Words:- Urinary Tract Infections, Antibiotic Susceptibility, Anti Microbial agents
Original research article:-Microbiology
* D.Lalitha Devi1, B.Srinivas2, Bandaru Narasinga Rao 3.
1 Assistant Professor, Dept. of Pharmacology, GSL Medical College, Rajahmundry, A.P., India. 2Tutor in Microbiology, 3Professor & Head, Dept. of Microbiology, Rajivgandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS) Srikakulam-532 001(AP).,India.
Abstract:- Objective: The present investigation was aimed to examine the antimicrobial activity of Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) crude extracts of Aloe barbadensis Miller (Aloe vera) gel against the selected bacterial and fungal pathogens of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pnemoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Psedomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus niger , Candida albicans and Penicillium sps. Methods: The bacteria and fungi were identified and confirmed by conventional microbiology techniques and the antimicrobial activity was carried out by standard disc diffusion method against the pathogens by using the crude DMSO extracts of A. vera gel. Results: The antibacterial and fungal activity has been observed in the DMSO gel extracts of A. vera against all the tested bacteria and fungi with varied activity. The maximum zone of inhibition 15mm for E. coli, 13 mm for P. mirabilis, 11mm for Proteus mirabilis and 10 mm for Pseudomonas aeruginosa of Gram Negative and 16 mm for Staphylococcus aureus of Gram Positive bacterial test organisms observed. Similar to antibacterial, the antifungal activity of the A. vera gel extracts also varied according to the concentration. The maximum zone of inhibition 13 mm for C. albicians, 10 mm for Penicillium sps were observed. The A. vera gel extracts were failed to show the zone of inhibition against the A. niger. Conclusion: It is hoped that this study would lead to the establishment of some compounds that could be used to formulate new and more potent antimicrobial drugs of natural origin.
Keywords:- Aloe barbadensisMiller; Aloe vera;; Anti-Bacterial; Anti-fungal; Antimicrobial activity.
Original article:-Periodontology and oral impantology
Swati Nagpal1* ,Vidya Dodwad2, Shubhra Vaish3
1 Post graduate Student, 2Professor and HOD, 3Reader, Department of Periodontology & oral implantology, I.T.S. Centre for Dental Studies and Research, Delhi-Meerut Road, Murad Nagar, Ghaziabad- 201206, India.
Abstract:- Periodontal disease caused by dental plaque which is a biofilm of mixed aetiology is one of the most prevalent diseases in oral cavity caused by periodontopathic bacteria . Periodontits is conventionally treated with mechanical debridement procedures and adjunctive antimicrobial therapy. Photodynamic therapy is a novel non invasive therapeutic approach with increased pathogen and site specificity. Photodynamic therapy involves use of photosensitzer that is activated by exposure to light of specific wavelength to form toxic oxygen species thereby causing localized photo damage and cell death. Application of photodynamic therapy in periodontics such as pocket debridement, gingivitis, aggressive periodontitis continue to evolve into a mature clinical treatment modality, and is considered as a promising novel approach for eradicating pathogenic bacteria in periodontitis.
Keywords:-Novel treatment, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy, Periodontitis.
Research article:-Medical microbiology
*Omalu, I. C. J., Mohammed, A. Z., Olamide, P. I., Ayanwale, V. A. Adeniran, L. and Gbise, S. Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Minna-Nigeria.
Abstract:- Fifteen samples, made up of five brands of sachet packaged water samples labelled as A, B, C, D and E in Minna metropolis were examined for bacteriological and physico-chemical properties. The bacteriological quality of the water samples were examined using multiple tube techniques (MPN). All the five brands of packaged sachet water samples contained bacteria. Brand A showed a high average index of 398MPN/100ml, brand B has 49MPN/100ml, brand C has 18.8MPN/100ml and brand D had 7MPN/100ml while brand E had 12MPN/100ml. The isolates were identified as Escherichia coli, Streptococcus feacalis, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus spp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella spp and Salmonella typhii. The physico-chemical parameters were also determined using standard methods; whose values fell below WHO standards for drinking water except manganese whose values exceeds the maximum permitted limit for water quality of the standard organisation of Nigeria (SON).
Key Words:- Bacteriological quality, Multiple tube techniques, Packaged water.