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Research article:-Biochemeistry
E.E.Edet1,*F.E. Uboh1, T. E. Edet2,3, I. J. Atangwho1, E. David-Oku1.
*1 Department of Biochemistry University of Calabar, P.M.B. 1115, Calabar, Nigeria.
2 Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Cross River State, Nigeria.
Abstract:- The effect of leaf extract of Gongronema latifolium (GL) on some kidney tissue enzymes and total protein levels of alloxan-induced diabetic rats was studied. Graded doses of the extract (200, 300 and 400 mg/kg b.wt) were administered to diabetic and non-diabetic rats for 14 days. On the 15th day, the animals were sacrificed and the total protein, aminotransferases (ALT and AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) assayed in the kidney tissue whole homogenate (KWH). The result showed a significant (p<0.05) decrease in total protein concentration, and increase in ALT, AST, ALP and GGT activities in non-treated diabetic rats when compared to the non-treated non-diabetic control rats. Treatment of non-diabetic rats with GL produced a dose-dependent non-significant (p>0.05) increase in total protein, ALT, AST, ALP and GGT, compared to the non-treated non-diabetic rats. However, total protein concentrations in diabetic rats, treated with 200, 300 and 400 mg/kg b.wt of GL were significantly (p<0.05) increased, while AST, ALT, ALP and GGT activities decreased, in a dose-dependent pattern when compared to the non-treated diabetic rats. These results indicate that oral treatment with GL may be used to alleviate the kidney functions impairment associated with diabetic condition.
Keywords:- Alloxan, Diabetes, kidney enzymes, kidney proteins, kidney function.
Case Report:- Pathology
*El fatemi Hinde1, Bennani Amal1, Hammas Nawal1, Tazi Fadl2, Amarti Afaf1, Elfassi Jamal2. 1Department of pathology, Hassan II teaching hospital, Fez, Morocco.
2Department of urology, Hassan II teaching hospital, Fez, Morocco.
Abstract:- Introduction: Primary renal lymphoma (PRL) as a clinical entity is not undisputed because the kidneys do not contain lymphatic tissue and the mechanism of development of PRLs is unclear. Most of the few cases reported showed rapid systemic progression and a poor prognosis. Although there are no clearly defined diagnostic criteria for renal lymphomas, abdominal and thoracic computed tomography as well as renal and bone marrow biopsy are recommended. A case of renal lymphoma is reported and their diagnosis and management discussed. Case report: A 23-year-old woman was admitted in our institution with a 4-month history of left flank pain, and weakness. She had no relevant past medical history. Physical examination showed a painful resistance on the left flank. An abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan revealed large left renal mass of 8 cm in the lower pole with infiltration of psoas muscle. A CT-guided renal biopsy was performed. Histological and immunohistochemical studies showed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Conclusion: PRL represents a rare entity which must nevertheless be considered in cases of unusual renal masses or otherwise unexplained renal symptoms. If diagnosed early, cure is possible, and multimodal treatment should be considered.
Key Words :- Kidney / primary lymphoma / DLBCL / immunohistochemistry.
Original research article:-Microbiology and Biochemistry
K.Nalini 1*, P.Sumathi 2
1Department of Microbiology , Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal College, Sivakasi ,Tamil Nadu,India. *Part time Research Scholar, Bharathiyar University, Coimbatore.
2Department of Biochemistry, Government College for Women, Krishnagiri, Tamil Nadu, India.
Abstract:- Background: Antimicrobial resistance is one of the major problem in medicine field faced by humans. Among different mechanisms of resistance beta-lactamase induced resistance plays a prominent role and threatens the therapeutic efficacy of antibiotics. The aim of this study is to detect the presence of ESBL and AmpCase in urinary isolates and also to focus the importance of antibiotic surveillance programs. Methods: During the period of January 2010 to December 2011 Six hundred and fifty six midstream urine samples were collected from different hospitals and clinical lab surrounding Srivilliputtur, Rajapalayam, Madurai and Sivakasi in TamilNadu, India. From this 606 isolates were selected including E.coli (356), Pseudomonas spp (123), Klebsiella spp (73) and Proteus spp (54) species for further analysis .Antibiotic sensitivity pattern were analysed with selected beta-lactam antibiotics. Phenotypic and Biochemical characterisation of selected isolates were performed followed by genotypic detection of blaTEM and blaSHV genes in E.coli. Result: All the isolates were found to be resistant to penicillin and 90% of isolates showed resistance to Amoxicillin followed by variable rate of resistance to second, third and fourth generation Cephalosporin antibiotics and less than one percent of resistance was observed to imipenam. E.coli and Pseudomonas spp showed more potent activity of beta-lactamase. Beta lactamase genes blaTEM and blaSHV genes were analysed in one E.coli isolate. Conclusion: Antibiotic surveillance programs can have a great impact to tackle the problem of antimicrobial resistance which is extending in diverse forms with local, regional and national level variations.
Keywords:-Antimicrobial resistance, beta-lactam antibiotics, ESBL, Cephalosporinase.
Short communication
Manoj G Tyagi.
Department of Pharmacology, Christian Medical College, Vellore 632002, Tamilnadu, India.
Abstract:- Nattokinase is an enzyme found in Nattô, a popular Japanese cheese made from fermented soyabeans. This enzyme has been found to dissolve blood clots. Clots that form inside a blood vessel in the absence of a wound may restrict the blood flow and lead to heart attack or stroke. Nattokinase can diminish this risk. On the other hand, because of its powerful vasoconstrictor properties, and its effects on intracellular calcium, ET-1 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of hypertension, coronary vasospasm, and heart failure. A number of studies suggest a role for ET-1 in pulmonary hypertension, as well as in systemic hypertension. ET-1 has been shown to be released by the failing myocardium where it can contribute to cardiac calcium overload and hypertrophy. In this study, I propose that a combination of nattokinase enzyme and endothelin-1 receptor antagonist can ameliorate the cardiovascular ailments like the hypertension and cardiac failure.
Key Words :- Nattokinase, endothelin, hypertension, cardiac, fibrin.
Research article:-Clinical Pharmacy.
OMOLE, Moses Kayode Pharm. D1 and GHOMORAI Tokoni B. Pharm1.
*1Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan,Nigeria.
Abstract:- This study, involving a retrospective analysis of case notes of randomly selected patients at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, was carried out to assess the rational use of drugs in the management of schizophrenia among both in- patients and out- patients in the hospital. Four patients consisting of two (2) female and two (2) male adults were randomly selected and their case notes thoroughly studied. Patient A was prescribed a total number of 7 drugs including risperidone from which he was switched to clozapine due to resistant to therapy. Patient B was prescribed a total number of 3 drugs including depot fluphenazine 12.5 mg monthly and was subsequently placed on oral thioridazine 100mg at night, to which she was clinically stabilized. Patient C was prescribed a total number of 2 drugs including depot fluphenazine 12.5 mg monthly and risperidone. Patient D was prescribed a total number of 4 drugs including depot fluphenazine 12.5 mg monthly. The use of clozapine required constant monitoring of the blood cells. Other drugs prescribed were benzhexol, amitriptylline, carbamazepine and diazepam. There were no side effects documented for the newly prescribed drugs. The results were analyzed using tables indicating names of drugs, dosage regimen and frequency of usage The sources of irrational use of antipsychotic agents obtained from this study could be due to unavailability of needed medication, prescription of expensive medications and polypharmacy observed as mixture of depot and oral antipsychotic agents in prescription.
Keywords: – Antipsychotics, Rational, Patients, Management.