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Research article:-
Sanjeev Dole1, Amit D. Kandhare2, Pinaki Ghosh2, Tejas P. Gosavi1*, Subhash L. Bodhankar2
1Sanjeeven Homeo Clinic and Research Centre, Pune-411004, Maharashtra, India.
2Department of Pharmacology, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune-411038, Maharashtra, India.
Abstract:-Homeopathic medicines are popular across the globe for their unique nature of administration and manufacturing process. Evolutions of various schools of thoughts have created a therapeutic nihilism among the homeopathic principles of practice. Relevant communication and procrastinating follow ups added a call for development of newer formulation other than ultra molecular dilutions. In this context the novel tool for analysing the collective evidence for support of scientific homeopathy similar to clinical trial evaluation by Jadad score as well as Downs-Black scoring enlighten the path for development of effective logical platform for homeopathic system of medicine. Critical appraisal and meta analysis inform us about true nature and inner essence of facts and figures involved in published data. Difference between quality and quantity for essential impact of clinical trials in homeopathy can be better explained by such outfits. Unprejudiced estimate of accurately classified research question can be more precisely tested with such valuable equipments. This will help to remove the pitfalls and bizarre impression about homeopathy. Pain is a global health issue and desires a special attention while managing. Almost every school of medicine claims therapeutic privileges over the last few decades. Conventional medicine undoubtedly advanced in its treat modalities. However complementary and alternative medicine has also improved to better clinical outcomes. Likewise homeopathy in such case also carried few clinical trials with formulation in spite of single medicine.
Keywords:- Analgesic, Downs-Black score, Homeopathy, Jadad score, Metaanalysis, Systematic Review
Original article:-Medical microbiology
*Adenike A.O. Ogunshe,1 Mary T. Niemogha,2 Gabriel N. Azum3 & Anthony N. Odikagbue4
1Applied Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
2 Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, 6 Edmond Crescent, PMB 2013. Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria.
3Department of Botany & Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
4Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, University College Hospital, Ibadan,Nigeria.
Abstract:-
Phenotypic antibiotic resistance profiles of 172 human wound-borne bacterial strains of (Bacillus, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Clostridium, Aeromonas, Enterobacter, E. coli, Klebsiella, Morganella, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Shigella and Yersinia) species, isolated from ≤ 75-year female and ≤ 85-year old male patients, including neonates and children, at two General hospitals and two tertiary health care institutions in Lagos and Oyo States of Nigeria were determined. High resistance and multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR)- Lagos: (Gram-positive = 62.3-100%; MAR = 25.0-100% / Gram-negative = 75.0-100%; MAR = 50.0-100%) and Ibadan: (Gram-positive = 57.9-97.4%; MAR = 40.0-100% / Gram-negative = 51.0-93.9%; MAR = 50.0-100%) against antibiotics (discs) were exhibited by the bacteria respectively. Gram-positive bacteria from Lagos were totally resistant to cloxacillin, while Gram-negative bacteria were totally resistant to cotrimoxazole but strains from Ibadan were mostly resistant to gentamicin / tetracycline (81.6%), erythromycin (89.5%), cloxacillin (97.4%) and augmentin (93.9%). Overall susceptibility rates to antibiotic drugs commonly used in self-medication for topical and systemic wound treatments in Nigeria were- penicillin, ampicillin (73.9%), erythrocin, tetracycline (78.3%) and erythromycin (82.6%). In conclusion, relatively high resistance and MAR to antibiotic discs but very high susceptibility to certain antibiotic drugs were exhibited by wound-borne bacteria, indicating that potent antibiotic drugs can serve as topical therapeutic agents in skin wound treatment.
Key Words- Antibiotics, septic wounds, topical skin treatments, wound cultures, wound care.
Original article:-Clinical pharmacy
OMOLE, Moses Kayode (1) Pharm. D., Malik Elizabeth Olabisi (1) B. Pharm.
1*,2 Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan.
Abstract:-Rational use of drugs requires that patients receive drugs appropriate to their clinical needs in doses that meet their individual requirements. The case studies were carried out to assess the various factors that influenced the rational use of drugs in the treatment of chronic heart failure (CHF) among those admitted as in-patients in the University College Hospital (U. C. H) Ibadan. Four patients consisting of two male adults and two female adults were randomly selected and monitored with their case notes thoroughly studied. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), were prescribed for the four patients. Beta blockers were prescribed for three patients while only two patients were prescribed calcium channel blockers. Digoxin tablets were prescribed for two patients while Isosorbide dinitrate was prescribed for only one of the patients. Other drugs prescribed were antihypertensives which include modurectic (Amiloride + Hydrochlorthiazide (HTZ)), hypoglycemic agents which include insulin and metformin (Glucophage), analgesic which include tramadol and paracetamol, antibiotics which include augmentin, ciprofloxacin and ceftriazone. Side effects documented were hypotension, cough, and chest pain. The result from these studies showed that utilization of variety of health professionals are required to reinforce rational treatment for heart failure.
Keywords:- Chronic heart failure, Rational, Patients, Treatment.
Research article:-
*S. I. Kheder
*Ph.D Pharmacology , National college of Medical & Techenical sciencies– Pharmacy program, Khartoum – Sudan, 3783 Khartoum.
Abstract:-Background: To tackle methicillin-resistant Staphylocccus aureus (MRSA) we have first understand how much hospital staffs know about MRSA. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and perceived practice of medical staff in Khartoum State hospitals regarding MRSA. Method: This is descriptive situational cross-sectional analysis. A convenience sample was recruited from six governmental and five private hospitals in Khartoum state. Face to face interviews, using structured questionnaire, were carried out with staff working in medical and surgical wards in the selected hospitals, over a three month period from January - March 2012. Results: There were 300 responses from different departments, with variable specialties and experience. Knowledge of many aspects of MRSA and it is preventive management and treatment was deficient. 58.7% of medical health care workers get their MRSA information from textbooks. Majority of respondents (90%) felt that they required additional information about MRSA. Conclusion: The survey confirmed that assumptions should not be made about adequate knowledge and expertise of the staff in relation to MRSA. Appropriate interventions, policies and education programs were needed to fill the gaps in knowledge of healthcare staff about MRSA.
Keywords:- MRSA, survey, knowledge, education, infection control, Sudanese, hospitals.
Research article:-Microbilogy
*1Brooks, A.A., 2Asamudo, N. U and 1Takon, I.
1Department of Microbiology, University of Calabar, Nigeria.
2Department of Microbiology, University of Uyo, Nigeria.
Abstract:- Five different types of high sugar pediatric syrups were randomly sampled and examined microbiologically to determine the bacteriological status of the products. A second line investigation was also conducted on samples which did not show any sign of bacterial growth during the first trial, with the view to recovering the injured or stressed but viable bacterial cells in the product. Drugs studied included Tixylix baby cough syrup, Paracetamol syrup, Chloroquine syrup, Becombion syrup and Vitamin C syrup. All the products gave low counts of contaminating bacteria when they were diluted directly, plated out on conventional solid media and colonies counted. Higher counts were obtained when the cells were reactivated and plated on hypertonic mannitol salt agar. The bacterial types isolated and their frequency of occurrence before and after reactivation included Bacillus subtilis (18.1%, 22.2%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (28.1%, 33.3% ), Klebsiella sp (9.4%, 13.3% ). Micrococcus sp. (9.4%, 5.6% ), Staphylococcus aureus (9.4%,5.6%), Escherichia coli (6.3%,4.4%),Proteus sp. (3.1%,3.3%) and Coagulase negative Staphylococcus(15.6%,12.2%). The presence of these bacteria is indicative of unwholesome products which may have serious health implications in neonates and children.
Keywords:-Reactivation, Injured cells, Contamination unwholesome, high sugar syrups.