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Research article:-Medical microbilogy
*,1B.Srinivas, 2D.Lalitha Devi and 3Bandaru Narasinga Rao.
1 M.Sc (Medical Microbiology), Tutor in Microbiology,3 MD.,Ph.D., Professor & Head, Dept. of Microbiology, Rajivgandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Srikakulam-532 001(AP)., India. 2 Assistant Professor in Pharmacology, Dept. of Pharmacology, GSL Medical college, Rajahmundry, A.P., India.
Abstract: - Background: The objective of our present study was to determine the prevalence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from various infections and its properties and susceptibility pattern to commonly used antibiotics. Materials and Methods: During a 2-year period, specimens were received from various infections and the same were processed and the Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated using standard microbiological techniques and its properties and antibiogram was studied using 8 antimicrobials. Results: Out of 1810 clinical samples, a total of 168 strains of P. aeruginosa were isolated and the prevalence rate was 9.28%. Maximum number was from samples of pus (55.3%) followed by urine (18.5%). The maximum number of samples from males and the infection was seen maximum among females of age group of 51-60 Yrs.(24.6%) followed by male and female almost equally in the age group of >61Yrs. (21.6% and 22.8% respectively). Fifty six percent of strains produced the pigment pyocyanin(55.35%) followed by Pyoverdin(20.23%). Out 168 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa 146 were found Multi Drug Resistant (MDR) strains. Predominant MDR strains isolated from pus 83 (56.85%), urine 24 (16.44%), endo tracheal tubes 16 (10.96%), sputum 10 (6.85%), broncho alveolar lavage 9 (6.16%), ear swabs 4 (2.74%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa has shown resistance to Gentamicin (61.91%), Tobramycin (60.12%), Amikacin (57.74%), Cefixime (88.88%), Ceftazidime (69.64%), Cefoperazone (69.05%), Piperacillin (66.67%), and Carbencillin (41.07%). Conclusion: High prevalence of P. aeruginosa as an opportunistic pathogen has been developing with increased resistance to antimicrobial agents and thus becoming a significant threat.
Key Words:-Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Postoperative wound infections, Prevalence, Nosocomial, Antibiogram.
Clinical study:-Orthopaedics
1Ranganatha Babu Kurupati, MS , 2*YP Raghavendra Babu, MD, and 3O.B.Pattana Shetty, MS.
1Assistant Professor, Department of Orthopaedics, MVJ Medical College, Bangalore,India. 2Associate Professor, Department of Forensic Médicine & toxicology, Kasturba Médical Collège, Mangalore, Manipal University,India.
3 Professor and Head, Department of orthopedics, Shri B.M. Patil Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre, Bijapur,India.
Abstract: Tibial fractures are one of the commonest fracture involving the human skeletal system which has a high level of morbidity due to various reasons. The present study was conducted to evaluate the functional outcome in fracture shaft of tibia treated with intramedullary interlocking nail.
Keywords:-Tibial fracture, Skeletal system, Intramedullary interlocking, morbidity.
Research article:-Biochemistry
*Renu Nagar Department of Biochemistry, Dr. RP Govt. Medical College, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India.
Abstract:-Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) has long been used as a biological marker for prostatic cancer. Recent studies have demonstrated that PSA synthesis can be induced in both sexes by steroid hormones including Progesterone. PSA is present in the breast milk and other body fluids and tissues of women in health and in various disease conditions. The massive amounts of steroid hormones produced by the placenta during pregnancy stimulate PSA synthesis in the breast tissue. PSA in breast milk probably plays an important role in post-natal growth and development of the infant by virtue of its IGFBP 3 protease activity liberating IGF-I, its very cationic nature, the inactivation of the Protein C inhibitors and extensive homology of PSA with Tissue kallikrein, gamma Nerve growth factor and Epidermal growth factor binding protein. In this study, PSA levels in breast milk were found to decrease with increasing time post-partum. The milk PSA levels were higher in case of lesser gestation at delivery, smaller birth weight of the baby and for a male baby.
Key Words:-Prostate Specific Antigen, PSA, Serine protease, Kallikrein, Breast milk, Insulin like growth factor binding protein, Insulin like growth factor.
Research article:- Biochemistry
*AKANDE I. S, 1 SAMUEL T. A1 , AGBAZUE .U1 AND OLOWOLAGBA B. L1
1Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi Araba, Lagos, Nigeria.
Abstract:-The comparative nutritive values of different tea brands on sale in Nigeria were investigated and compared with natural Lemon grass extracts. The brands include Lipton tea, Top tea, Nescafe and Green tea. The percentage moisture, ash, crude fibres, lipids and protein contents and antioxidant potentials were evaluated and compared. Phytochemical screening for the various tea brands compared to Lemon grass was also carried out. Results from the study showed that there were significant (p<0.05) differences in the proximate composition of the various tea brands compared with lemon grass . Top tea had the highest percentage of moisture (11.2%), crude fibre (84.35%), lipid (6.09%), protein (0.44%) while Nescafe had the highest percentage of ash content (13.03%). Green tea contained the least ash content (4.79%) while Lemon grass had the lowest percentage lipid (0.42%). Phytochemical screening of these samples revealed the presence of flavonoids, phenolic compounds, glycosides and conjugated dienes in all the four tea brands investigated. Top tea appeared the most balanced nutritionally while the green tea is the most susceptible to rancidity. Data of the study indicate that our indigenous tea brands including the natural extracts of lemon leaf are good sources of antioxidant compounds such as flavonoids, phenolic compounds and glycosides in addition to very few calories and only a small amount of fat with corresponding valuable minerals. They are therefore nutritionally acceptable and medicinally valuable.
Key Words:- Tea, Moisture, Antioxidant, Proximate, Flavonoids, Citrus hystrix.
Original article:-Clinical pharmacy
OMOLE, Moses Kayode (1) Pharm. D., Malik Elizabeth Olabisi (1) B. Pharm.
1*,2 Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan.
Abstract:-Rational use of drugs requires that patients receive drugs appropriate to their clinical needs in doses that meet their individual requirements. The case studies were carried out to assess the various factors that influenced the rational use of drugs in the treatment of chronic heart failure (CHF) among those admitted as in-patients in the University College Hospital (U. C. H) Ibadan. Four patients consisting of two male adults and two female adults were randomly selected and monitored with their case notes thoroughly studied. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), were prescribed for the four patients. Beta blockers were prescribed for three patients while only two patients were prescribed calcium channel blockers. Digoxin tablets were prescribed for two patients while Isosorbide dinitrate was prescribed for only one of the patients. Other drugs prescribed were antihypertensives which include modurectic (Amiloride + Hydrochlorthiazide (HTZ)), hypoglycemic agents which include insulin and metformin (Glucophage), analgesic which include tramadol and paracetamol, antibiotics which include augmentin, ciprofloxacin and ceftriazone. Side effects documented were hypotension, cough, and chest pain. The result from these studies showed that utilization of variety of health professionals are required to reinforce rational treatment for heart failure.
Keywords:- Chronic heart failure, Rational, Patients, Treatment.