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Research article:-Anatomy
* C.Venkatramaniah¹, A.Mary Antony Praba² and Dr. Girija Sivakumar3.
¹Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, Sri Lakshmi Narayana Institute of Medical Sciences, Pondy, India.
²Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, Tagore Medical College, Chennai, India.
3Professor, Department of Anatomy, Karpagavinayaka Institute of Medical Sciences, Chennai, India.
Abstract:- Epilepsy is a common chronic neurological disorder characterized by seizures and affecting up to 1% - 2% of the population. Temporal lobe epilepsy is a major form of focal epilepsy. Herewith we produced a model of temporal lobe epilepsy by stereotaxically induced microliters of kainic acid into the right hippocampus. Animals were divided into 8 groups, vehicle control, lesion control, AC 15, AC 25, AC 35, BA 10, BA 15 and BA 20. Except the vehicle control and the lesion control group all the other groups of animals were given Calamus oil and Beta Asarone in different concentrations based on their group names. The behaviors of the animals were assessed by using Cook’s pole climbing apparatus. The vehicle control group of animals behaved normally. The lesion control animals exhibit epileptic seizure and was not performing in the pole climbing apparatus. The AC 15, BA 10 and BA 15 group of animals performed poorly as they did not climb the pole for all the ten times and they were more fearing than climbing the pole. The animal belongs to AC 25, AC 35 and BA 20 were climbed the pole immediately after hearing the buzzer sound and finished all the ten buzzers successfully. These data supports the neuroprotection of Acorus calamus and it’s principle component Beta Asarone.
Key Words:- AC= Calamus oil, BA = Beta Asarone, CAR= Conditioned avoidance response, VC= Vehicle control, LC= Lesion control, LD 50= Lethal dose 50, IP=Intraperitoneal.
Research article:- Biochemistry
Yagana S. A., Sodipo O.A., Yagana K. and Modu S.
Department of Biochemistry, University of Maiduguri – Nigeria.
Abstract:- The methanolic / aqueous, ethylacetate, n-butanol and residual extracts of the root of G. senegalensis were subjected to preliminary phytochemcial screening and in vitro antimicrobial tests. The extracts revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, saponins, carbohydrates and cardiac glycosides. Anthraquinones were not detected. The antimicrobial activities of the extracts were assayed by the agar disc diffusion and nutrient broth dilution techniques. Test microorganisms were Streptococcus Pyogene, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimirium and Klebsiella penumoniae; all the organisms were laboratory isolates. The ethylacetate extract inhibited the growth of Streptococcus pyogene with a mean range of (16.86±0.32 t 20.03±0.55)mm at the concentrations used ranging from (200 – 1000) mg/ml, Staphylococcus with a mean range of (13.16±0.28 to 16.865.51) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with a mean range of 10.03±14.86±0.32)mm. There was no inhibition by the ethylaceatte extract against Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimirium and Klebsiella Penumoniae. The results showed minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 25mg/ml against Streptococcus Pyogene and Staphylococcus aureus while for Pseudomonas aeruginosa was 100mg/ml. The minimum bacteriocidal concentration (MBC) against S. Pyogene and S. aureus was 50mg/ml while that of P. aeruginosa was 100mg/ml. The methanolic / aqueous extract inhibited the growth of S. pyogene with a mean range of (16.09 ± 0.50 to 22.83 ±0.28)mm, S. aureus was inhibited with a mean range of (15.0±0.50 to 21.83±0.28)mm P. aeruginosa was inhibited with a mean range of (9.0±0.50 to 16.0±0.05) mm and P. mirabilis was with a mean range of (12.0±0.50 to 18.0±0.05)mm. There was no inhibition exhibited by the methanolic / water extract against E. Coli, S. typhimirium and K. pneumoniae. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against S. pyogene was 25mg/ml, for S. aureus was 50mg/ml and that of P. mirabilis and P. aerugonosa were 100mg/ml respectively. The minimum bacteriocidal concentration (MBC) against S. Pyogene and S. aureus were 50mg/dl and that of P. mirabilis was 100mg/dl of P. aeruginosa was 200mg/dl. The n-butanol extract inhibited the growth of S. Pyogene, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa with means ranging from (17.0±0.50 to 18.0±0.50, 18.0±0.50 to 19.0±0.50 and 8.0±0.50 to 17.0±0.50)mm respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration of S. pyogene and S. aureus was 25mg/ml while that of P. aeruginosa was 100mg/ml. The (MBC) for both S. pyogene and S. aureus was 50mg/ml while that of P. aeruginosa was 200mg/ml. However, even the residual extract inhibited the growth of the test organisms with S. pyogene having mean ranging from (14.66±0.50 to 18.0±0.50)mm, S. aureus having (11.0±0.50 to 16.0±0.50)mm and P. mirabilis with mean ranging from (15.33±0.76 to 17.0±0.50)mm. The results of the (MIC) revealed that S. pyogene and P. mirabilis have (MIC) of 25mg/ml while that of S. aureus was 100mg/ml. The (MBC) for both S. pyogene and P. mirabilis was 50mg/ml while that of S. aureus was 100mg/ml. This study has justified the traditional use of this plant for the treatment of stomach discomfort, diarrhoea, dysentery and as a remedy for wound healing, boils and other infections whose causative agents are some of the organisms used in this study.
Key words:- Minimum inhibitory concentration, G. Senegalensis.
Research article:- Microbiology
Savita Jadhav1*, Nageswari Gandham1, Arundhuti Paul1, Misra R.N.1, Mani K.R.2.
1Department of Microbiology. Pad. Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College and Hospital, Pimpri-Pune-18,India
2National Referral Centre Central Research Institute , Kasauli Himachal Pradesh,India.
Abstract:- Introduction- Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a remarkable and diverse organism. This normally harmless commensal needs only to acquire a combination of mobile genetic elements to become a highly adapted pathogen capable of causing a range of diseases, from gastroenteritis to extra- intestinal infections of the urinary tract, bloodstream and central nervous system. The worldwide burden of these diseases is staggering, with hundreds of millions of people affected annually. Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) cause serious infections in people at risk and have significant environmental prevalence due to contamination by human and animal excreta. In developing countries, UPEC assumes importance in certain dwellings because of poor community /personal hygiene and exposure to contaminated water or soil. Materials and methods- A total of 50 E. coli isolates from urine of patients suffering from UTI and 50 E. coli isolates from the feces of healthy volunteers, were included in the study. The incidence of UTI (due to E. coli) was more in females (70%) than in males (30%). Ability of these E. coli strains to produce the virulence factors viz. production of haemolysin(28%),Cytotoxic necrotizing factor(44%) ,afimbrial adhesion (76%) ,pap(46%), aer(84%) areobactin were seen. E. coli isolates from chronic renal failure were usually bestowed with multiple virulence factors. 60-65% of the E.coli isolates were multidrug resistant (resistant to ampicillin, clotrimoxazole, norfloxacin, tetracycline and gentamicin). ESBL production was demonstrated in 85.77% isolates from UTI and 14.28% were MBL producer.36.66% were ST131-CTX-M-15 MDR UPEC which is markedly high number. Conclusion:- We have standardized and used a rapid simple and inexpensive PCR test that allows the detection of the E.coli O25b-ST131 clone that often produces CTX-M-15enzyme, which may also host other ESBLs.This assay will help to trace the highly resistant and virulent O25b-ST131 clone in the community and hospitals.
Key words:- Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC), Virulence factors, Multidrug resistance, sequence type B2-O25b-ST131-CTX-M-15.
Research article:-Physiotherapy
J. Lavanya1*,P.Saraswathi2 , J.Vijayakumar3 and S. Prathap4.
1BPT ,M.Sc, tutor, ACS Medical college, Chennai, India 2MBBS, M.Sc., Ph.D., Head of department, 3M.Sc.,Ph.D., Professor, Dept of Anatomy, Saveetha Medical College, Chennai, India,4MPT,PhD., Associate professor, college of physiotherapy, Saveetha Medical College, Chennai, India.
Abstract:- Aim: To analyze the quantitative and qualitative dermatoglyphic traits in patients with breast cancer. Objective: To determine whether dermatoglyphics can represent a non-invasive anatomical marker of Breast Cancer. Methodology: 60 individuals are selected in two groups. GI–30 Female patients with diagnosed breast cancer. G II – 30 Normal Females (control group).The finger ridge patterns of both hands are photographed using digital camera and were analyzed using Adobe Photoshop editor by visual observation. Outcome Measure: Quantitative parameters: Finger ridge count, Total finger ridge count, A-B ridge count, palmar angle (AtD), and pattern intensity index. Qualitative parameters: % of subjects with ≥ 6 whorls, % of total number of whorls in all digits. Result: From the statistical analysis made, the data’s revealed statistically significant difference between both the groups. Quantitative parameters- Finger ridge count Rt (P = 0.0450) Lt (P = 0.0431), total finger ridge count (P = 0.0400), A-B ridge count Rt (P = 0.0015) Lt (P = 0.0003), palmar angle (AtD) Rt (P = 0.0208) Lt (P = 0.0365), pattern intensity index (P = 0.0464) and qualitative parameters - % of subjects with ≥ 6 whorls. (P = 0.0337), % of total number of whorls in all digits (P = 0.0124), which proves breast cancer patients exhibited significant changes in their dermatoglyphic patterns compared to normal. Conclusion: The present study concludes that there is a possible genetic influence on the digital ridge patterns in carcinoma of breast patients in whom the digital ridge patterns are otherwise significantly affected.
Key words:-Dermatoglyphics, breast cancer, dermal ridge patterns.
Research article:-Community medicine
Samson S R Nallapu1*, and Bharani Krishna Y2,
1*MD, Associate Professor, 2Assistant Professor, Dept. of Community Medicine, NRI Medical College, Chinakakani, Guntur District, AP State, India.
Abstract:- Background: Malaria in India has had much input in terms of control measures and public education. Hypertension (HTN) is a more recent public health problem. One may therefore expect better knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) regarding malaria. Objectives: To look at KAP regarding two diverse diseases like HTN & Malaria both in urban slum and rural communities in Guntur District of Andhra Pradesh. Methods: A cross sectional study using a pretested questionnaire regarding KAP concerning Malaria and HTN was conducted between August and October 2011. 100 urban slum households and 102 rural ones were selected by simple random sampling. Percentage frequencies and Chi-square tests were applied to analyze statistical significance. Results: Rural households continue to be situated in poorer ecological surroundings. KAP scores for HTN & Malaria, though poor in both rural and urban households, are significantly lower in the rural households. There is poorer attitude about malaria (p 0.00004) and inferior practice on hypertension (p 0.0000) in the rural households. Malaria is under reported in rural areas and health worker performance concerning malaria is also significantly substandard (p 0.00006). Conclusions: Constructive knowledge and attitude regarding malaria remains poor. A breakdown of public health systems at the beneficiary level both in urban and rural areas is apparent. As HTN is reaching alarming proportions even in rural areas there is a need to improve the quality and quantity of promotive and preventive health services in order to address real issues and to overcome indifferent and casual attitudes.
Keywords:- Attitude, Hypertension, KAP, Knowledge, Malaria, Practice.