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Research article:-Cardiology
Dr.T.Rajini Samuel*
Cardiology Department, Venkataeswara Hospitals, 36-A Chamiers road, Nandanam, Chennai, India.
*Presently doing M.D. Biochemistry in Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chromepet, Chennai. India.
Abstract:- Aims: To make people understand what Einthoven was really talking about.
Methods and results: In the hex axial reference system of ecg, plot the net voltages of bipolar limb leads and connect them. Similarly, plot the net voltages of unipolar limb leads and connect them. Each forms equilateral triangles. Convert the equilateral triangles into circles. Each circle have same origin, same orientation, but different radii because the bipolar and unipolar limb leads have different resistance. The ratio of their resistance is 4/3. Hence the ratio of the area of the two circles is always constant and equal to 4/3. The square root of 4/3 is 1.154. The ratio of their radii is 1.154 .Multiply each unipolar limb lead voltages by 1.154 and then plot. The two equilateral triangles are on the same circle. The correction factor 1.154 is used because bipolar and unipolar limb leads have different resistance and the ratio of their resistance is 4/3. Thus heart is situated in the centre of the electric field which it generates. The two upper limbs and the left lower limb are the extensions of its electrical field. Voltage recorded in a particular lead is the result of dot product between the lead vector (measured in metre) and the cardiac vector measured in volt/metre. Hence voltage is a scalar quantity. The angle (α) determination from the ecg:
Tan α= (1.154*avF)/ Lead 1
Conclusion: Einthoven triangle is an absolute electrical equilateral triangle. Each cardiac wave can be represented in the form of circles.
Keywords:-Cardiac vector, Shifted Einthoven triangle.
Research article:-Quality assurance
1Swapnil W. Tekade, 1Shweta S. Havele, 2*Sunil R. Dhaneshwar.
1Department of Quality Assurance, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Poona College of Pharmacy, Erandwane, Pune – 411038, Maharashtra, India.
2Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, RAK Medical & Health Sciences University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Ras Al Khaimah Post Box No 11172, U.A.E.
Abstract:- This paper describes a new, simple, precise, and accurate HPTLC method for simultaneous estimation of etodolac and thiocolchicoside as the bulk drug and in tablet dosage form. Chromatographic separation of the drugs was performed on aluminum plates precoated with silica gel 60 F254 as the stationary phase and the solvent system consisted of chloroform : methanol : toluene (6 : 2 : 3 v/v/v/v). Densitometric evaluation of the separated zones was performed at 238 nm. The two drugs were satisfactorily resolved with RF values of 0.20 and 0.50 for thiocolchicoside and etodolac, respectively.
Key Words:- Etodolac, thiocolchicoside,HPTLC.
Review article:-
R. Narasimha Raghavan. R, BDS., MSc., (PhD) *1, Philip Jacob Mathew, MDS2, Abraham Helen Mary, BDS., (MDS) 3.
1Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College, Chennai, 2Senior Lecturer, Tagore Dental College, Chennai,3 Post graduate student, Coorg Institute of Dental Sciences, Coorg.
Abstract:- Substituting bone or joint by a strong biomaterial is quite common. There is a never ending need for bone biomaterials. Recently, focus has shifted to tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Biomaterials science has a major role to play in this field. The scaffolds selected for tissue engineering has to have its own prerequisites. Engineering these materials to suit bone biology has resulted in an entire plethora of materials and their novel modifications. This paper attempts to review the trends in bone biomaterials.
Key words:-Bone, Biomaterials, Bone scaffolds, Bone substitutes, Alloplasts.
Original article:-Anesthesiology
1Banu Baran, MD , *2Tuba Berra Saritas, MD , 3Cigdem Sizer, MD , 4Hale Borazan , MD , 5Gamze Sarkılar, MD , 6Seref Otelcioglu, MD.
1Banu Baran , MD, Sarayönü Government Hospital, Anesthesiology And Reanimation DPT, Konya, Turkey.
*2Tuba Berra Saritas, MD, Assistant Prof. , Necmettin Erbakan Uni. Meram Medical School, Anesthesiology And Reanimation DPT. Konya, Turkey.
3Cigdem Sizer , MD, Konya Government Hospital, Anesthesiology And Reanimation DPT Konya, Turkey.
4Hale Borazan, MD,Assistant Prof.,Necmettin Erbakan Uni. Meram Medical School Anesthesiology And Reanimation DPT. Konya, Turkey.
5Gamze Sarkılar, MD, Assistant Prof . , Necmettin Erbakan Uni. Meram Medical School Anesthesiology And Reanimation DPT Konya, Turkey.
6Şeref Otelcioğlu, MD, Prof. Dr. Necmettin Erbakan Uni. Meram Medical School Anesthesiology And Reanimation DPT Konya, Turkey.
Abstract:- Background & objectives: It is aimed to evaluate the effect of intraarticular levobupivacaine and sufentanil on postoperative pain and tramadol consumption in arthroscopic knee surgeries. Methods: The patients were and divided into three groups randomly. 10 mg levobupivacaine to Group I, 10 mg levobupivacaine with 10 mcg sufentanil to Group II and saline to Group III in equal volumes was applied before tournement deflation intraarticularly. VAS, sedation scores, tramadol consumption at 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, and 24 hours, side effects and additional analgesic requirements reported. Results: Demographics, sedation scores, additional analgesic need and haemodynamics weren't statistically different (p>0,05). VAS scores of rest and movement were statistically significant between Group I -III and Group II-III at 1, 2, 3, 6, 12.and 24 hours (p<0,05). Group I and II VAS scores were approximate but not statistically significant at rest (p>0,05) 1. and 2. hours VAS scores at movement was statistically significant (p<0,05). Postoperative tramadol consumption of Group I postoperative 1,2,3 and 6 hours results were lower than Group III(p<0,05). There was no statistically significance between all of the groups at postoperative 12 and 24 hours (p>0,05). Interpretation & Conclusions: It's thought that intraarticular levobupivacaine and sufentanil + levobupivacaine provided effective postoperative analgesia in arthroscopic knee surgery however sufentanil addition to levobupivacaine provided better pain control at early postoperative hours and reduce additional analgesic consumption.
Keywords:-Arthroscopy,Sufentanil,Tramadol,Pain.
Research article:-Pharmacology
Rajeev Kumar, Vasudevan Prabhakaran and Manoj G.Tyagi*
Department of Pharmacology Christian Medical College, Vellore 632002,Tamilnadu,India.
Abstract:- Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease which mainly affects synovial joints and leads to damage of articular cartilage and ankylosis of joints. In this study, the effect of atorvastatin, an inhibitor of 3 hydroxyl -3-methyl glutaryl coenzyme reductase alone and in combination with netilmicin a phospholipase C inhibitor on RA were studied. RA was induced with the help of Freund ’s adjuvant (0.3ml/200gms wistar rat) in three separate Wistar rat groups. Freund ’s adjuvant is the combination of mineral oil, an emulsifier mannide monooleate with 1mg/ml heat killed dry mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra. During these studies, plethysmography, TNF-α levels, weight and age of animals were analyzed. After arthritis induction in group 1 (6 rats) the animals were treated with 5 mg/kg of Atorvastatin injection i.p and it was found to reduce 32.41 % of RA in 8 days as determined by paw edema and a reduction in TNF- α levels. While 42.22% reduction was found after 8 days treatment with the combination of 10 mg/kg of Netilmicin and Atorvastatin i.p injection in case of group 2 (6 rats) there was also a concomitant reduction in the levels of TNF-α in the arthritic paw. These studies suggest the interaction of these two drugs in reducing arthritic inflammation.
Key Words:- Freund’s adjuvant, atorvastatin, netilmicin, plethysmograph, arthritis, TNF-α.