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Research article:-
Soumendra Sahoo1*, Rashmirekha Sahoo 2, Iman El Mehendi 3 ,Musa Abuajila Ahmad 3
1Melaka Manipal Medical College, Melaka, Malaysia. 2Nilai University, Nilai, Malaysia.
3Al Arab Medical Science University, Benghazi, Libya.
Abstract:- Background:- Dicarbonyl compounds such as methylglyoxal and glyoxal have been identified as the predominant source for the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGE) in various tissues contributing to aging and cataract formation in the lens. The aim of the study was to compare the level of reactive dicarbonyls in removed senile cataractous lens nuclei, aqueous humor and plasma of diabetic and non-diabetic cases. Methods: -. This was a cross sectional study done with sample size of 60 senile cataract cases. Half cases were known diabetic while other half non-diabetic. The reactive dicarbonyl levels were detected through UV spectrophotometry. Results: - The mean dicarbonyls level in lens nuclei, aqueous humor and plasma were 888.07 ± 14.95 nmol/L, 2.85 ± 0.44 nmol/L and 2.71 ± 0.44 nmol/L respectively in diabetic individuals where as in non diabetic cases the respective mean levels were 490 ± 8.72 nmol/L, 1.80 ± 0.34 nmol/Land 1.78 ± 0.45 nmol/L (p<0.001). Conclusion: - Diabetic cases were noted to have more browning of their cataractous nuclei. There was a significant elevation of dicarbonyls in the removed nuclei, plasma and in aqueous humor in diabetics.
Key words:-Dicarbonyl, lens nucleus, aqueous humour, diabetic, non-diabetic
Research article:-Periodontology & Oral Implantology
1*Mallika Sethi, 2Amit Dua, 3Alka Sethi, 4Anuj Sethi ,5Vidya Dodwad.
1M.D.S, Senior Lecturer,5 M.D.S, Prof & Head, Dept. of Periodontology & Oral Implantology, I.T.S Centre for Dental Studies and Research, Delhi –Meerut Road, Muradnagar,India.
2Reader; Department of Prosthodontics Inderprastha dental college; Ghaziabad,India.
3M.S. (Obs & Gynae), Consultant Gynaecologist, Cantt Hospital , Jhansi UP,India.
4(Post Graduate Student 3rd year) M.D Pediatrics , SBKS Medical Institute, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Pipariya Vadodara,India.
Abstract:- This paper addresses the problem of adverse pregnancy outcome in relation to periodontal disease. There is compelling evidence that a link exists between pre-term low birth weight and periodontitis. Although 25% to 50% of pre-term low birth weight deliveries occur without any known etiology, there is increasing evidence that infection may play a significant role in preterm delivery. The aim of this review is to summarize known risk factors for preterm low birthweight infants together with some putative mechanisms which may link these risk factors to preterm low birthweight. Current evidence has pointed to an interest in dental intervention studies to control periodontal disease as one of the potential strategies to reduce pre-term labour. This paper reviews the potential association between periodontal infection and preterm low birth weight infants.
Key Words: -Low Birth Weight, Preterm birth, Periodontal disease.
Review article:-Pharmacology
Manoj G Tyagi and K Arumugasamy
Department of Pharmacology, Christian Medical College, Vellore 632002, Tamilnadu, India.
Abstract:-Serine protease inhibitors contribute in patho-physiological conditions.An important Serine protease enzyme inhibitor like the Protease nexin-1 (PN-1) is a 43 kDa protein of the serpin superfamily secreted in the extracellular space, where it binds and inhibits several serine proteases, including thrombin, trypsin, plasmin, tPA, and uPA. Its expression is finely regulated both spatially and temporally during development and in adulthood. In vivo, PN-1 regulates proteolytic activity in both the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS). Mechanistically, PN-1 has been shown to promote neurite outgrowth and regulate survival or death of injured neurons. Injury of the rat sciatic nerve triggers PN-1 production in Schwann cells localized at the distal site of the lesion, possibly to protect structures from prolonged and extensive proteolytic attacks.This review reflects on their roles in nervous system disorders.
Key Words:- Protease inhibitor, Protease nexin-1, nerve, skeletal, thrombin.
Research article:-Community medicine
Samson S R Nallapu1*, and Bharani Krishna Y2,
1*MD, Associate Professor, 2Assistant Professor, Dept. of Community Medicine, NRI Medical College, Chinakakani, Guntur District, AP State, India.
Abstract:- Background: Malaria in India has had much input in terms of control measures and public education. Hypertension (HTN) is a more recent public health problem. One may therefore expect better knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) regarding malaria. Objectives: To look at KAP regarding two diverse diseases like HTN & Malaria both in urban slum and rural communities in Guntur District of Andhra Pradesh. Methods: A cross sectional study using a pretested questionnaire regarding KAP concerning Malaria and HTN was conducted between August and October 2011. 100 urban slum households and 102 rural ones were selected by simple random sampling. Percentage frequencies and Chi-square tests were applied to analyze statistical significance. Results: Rural households continue to be situated in poorer ecological surroundings. KAP scores for HTN & Malaria, though poor in both rural and urban households, are significantly lower in the rural households. There is poorer attitude about malaria (p 0.00004) and inferior practice on hypertension (p 0.0000) in the rural households. Malaria is under reported in rural areas and health worker performance concerning malaria is also significantly substandard (p 0.00006). Conclusions: Constructive knowledge and attitude regarding malaria remains poor. A breakdown of public health systems at the beneficiary level both in urban and rural areas is apparent. As HTN is reaching alarming proportions even in rural areas there is a need to improve the quality and quantity of promotive and preventive health services in order to address real issues and to overcome indifferent and casual attitudes.
Keywords:- Attitude, Hypertension, KAP, Knowledge, Malaria, Practice.
Research article:-Microbiology
Gelotar Prakash1*, MD, Mundra Neetu A, MBBS2, Sinha Mala, MD3, Makwana Naresh4 1Assistant Professor, 2Resident,3Professor and Head, Department of Microbiology,4Associate Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Shri M.P.Shah Medical College, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India.
Abstract:- Background:-Candida species are known to be the most common fungal pathogens isolated from blood cultures of neonates. Recent reports from our country indicate a trend towards an increasing prevalence of non-albicans candidemia. Aim of the study: The present study is an attempt to evaluate the incidence of candida infections and about increasing frequency of non-albicans candida species over candida albicans.
Material and Methods: A total 400 blood cultures are received in department of microbiology, Jamnagar over a period of 5 months (April 2011 – August 2011) from newborn. Results:-A total of 25 Candida isolates were obtained over a period of 5 months.. Of the 25 isolates, 36% were Candida tropicalis which is followed by candida albicans (24%), Candida glabrata (16%), Candida parapsilosis (12%), Candida krusei (8%) and Candida kefyr (4%).
Key Words:-Candida, Neonates, Non-albicans Candida.