DocumentsDate added
Research article:-Microbiology
M.Bharathi M.D1* and A.Usha Rani M.D2
1*Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam, India.
2Professor, Department of Microbiology, Siddartha Medical College, Vijayawada, India.
Abstract:- Background:- HIV infection is presently accounts for the highest number of deaths attributable to any single infective agent. Opportunistic infections (OIs) account for a considerable proportion of such mortality. Among OIs, respiratory tract infections are one. Preventable and treatable respiratory infections are seen in up to two thirds of all HIV positive persons. Aim: - To know the bacterial pathogens other than M .tuberculosis that cause lower respiratory tract infections and their susceptibility pattern in HIV seropositive patients. Material and methods: - 100 HIV seropositive patients attended to ART centre comprised the study group. Deep, coughed up sputum was collected from patients after taking informed, written consent. After assessing quality of sputum by doing Gram’s stain, sample was inoculated on Blood agar, Mac Conkey agar and Chacolate agar. Pathogens were identified by standard methods. Results:- 59 samples were culture positive. single pathogen was isolated in 33 cases and polymicrobial in 26 cases, with total 89 pathogens. The organisms isolated were S.pneumoniae, S.aureus, β haemolytic Streptococci, Nocardia asteroides, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Esch.coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter boumannii, and Serratia marcescens. Most of the strains were susceptible to amikacin, ciprofloxacin, cefotaxim, amoxyclav, doxycyclin and roxythromycin. 17 patients had CD4 counts of <200 with culture positivity in 14 cases (82.35%) and polymicrobial etiology in 35.29% cases. CD4 counts of 201-500 were found in 53 patients with 58.49% culture positivity and 26.41% polymicrobial etiology. 30 had counts of >500 with culture positivity in 14 cases (46.46%) and polymicrobial etiology in 20% cases. Conclusions: - S.pneumoniae was the commonest pathogen (38.2%). Polymicrobial etiology of respiratory tract infections was observed in all strata of CD4 counts, but at higher frequency as CD4 count decreases.
Key words:- HIV seropositive patients, CD4 count, Lower respiratory tract infections, Bacterial pathogens.
Case report:-Obstetrics & Gynaecology
Yogita Dogra1*,Vanita Suri2 and Neelam Aggarwal3.
1Senior Resident, Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Kamla Nehru Hospital, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla , Himachal Pradesh, India
2Professor, 3 Addl. Professor, Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
Abstract:- Fallopian tube carcinoma is a rare gynaecological malignancy of female reproductive tract, seen in peri-menopausal period. It is similar in behavior and presentation to ovarian carcinoma but associated with poorer prognosis especially if detected in advanced stage. Early diagnosis and prompt surgical management followed by chemotherapy is the key to success in management of primary fallopian tube carcinoma. The clinical manifestations, radiological and laboratory investigations can often lead to a correct diagnosis at an early stage. CA-125 is essential diagnostic marker for primary fallopian tube carcinoma and raised level of CA-125 should raise the suspicion of the same at early stage.
Key words:- Fallopian tube carcinoma, CA-125, ovarian cancer.
Research article:-PSM/Community Medicine
Tiwari Ranjana1, Dhiraj Kumar Srivastava2* and Bansal Manoj3
1MD, PhD, D.G.O, DH&HM, PGCHMgtFW, Associate Professor, Department of PSM/Community Medicine,G.R Medical College, Gwalior(MP),India.
2*Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, UP Rural Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Saifai, Etawah(UP),India.
3MD, Assistant professor, Department. of PSM/Community Medicine,Bundelkhand Medical College, Sagar (MP),India.
Abstract: - Background:-Ever since the establishment of HIV/AIDS as a disease entity in the medical fraternity, it has been an area of great concern for scholars across the globe. A regular assessment of knowledge and practices of practitioners are empirical for both practitioners and policy makers as it help them to assess the exact situation in the recent scenario of changing HIV epidemiology. Objectives:-To assess the knowledge and practices of practitioners in relation to HIV/AIDS. To find out the most preferred modalities to get updates on recent advances in HIV/AIDS. Material and Methods:-The study was carried out from July 2008 to Dec 2008 among government and private practitioners of Gwalior City. In this 75 government and 75 private practitioners were interviewed using a pre-structured questionnaire. Information regarding general profile, knowledge about signs and symptoms, management and counseling adopted in the management of HIV patients. The study also explored the different views on the most preferred modalities for getting updates on HIV. Result:-The mean score of government practitioners was 6.8 compared to 5.1 of private practitioners. There was a statistically differences in the knowledge of practitioners of both sectors on issues related to signs & symptoms, diagnosis and management. Similar differences were also noted in the practices commonly adopted in the management of HIV patients. Continuous Medical Educations (CME’s) was the most preferred modality of getting updates on recent advances in the field of HIV management. Conclusion:-There is an urgent need for upgrading the knowledge especially of private practitioners on various issues including HIV management. Regular CME’s should be organized to fulfill this job.
Key words:- HIV/AIDS, Practitioners, NACO.
Original research article:-Biochemistry
*Renu Nagar
Department of Biochemistry,Dr. RP Govt. Medical College, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India.
Abstract:- Corpus luteal hormones and placental hormones stimulate glandular cells in target tissues bearing steroid hormone receptors to produce PSA. This PSA is detectable in female serum and shows variations reflecting the changes in levels of stimulating hormones. Predictably, therefore, the study found highest serum PSA during pregnancy, lesser during immediate postpartum period and least in non pregnant women. Serum PSA levels were found to show two peaks during menstrual cycle: a taller peak between 4th and 8th day of cycle and a smaller peak between 16th and 20th days. During pregnancy, higher serum PSA correlated to higher birth weight and male fetus. Postpartum serum PSA was higher in case of higher birth weight, higher gestation at delivery, male baby and instrumental delivery.
Key Words:- Prostate specific antigen, PSA, Menstrual cycle, Pregnancy, Post partum, Gestation, Gender, Birth weight, Type of delivery.
Letter to Editor
Dr. Vandana Berry and Dr. Madan Lal.
Department of Microbiology, Christian Medical College & Hospital, Ludhiana (Pb.)-141 008, India.
Abstract:- The present study was focused on finding the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Acinetobacter in various pyogenic manifestations. In the Microbiology Laboratory, Christian Medical College and Hospital, a total of 8,741 and 9,792 specimens were processed during the year 2008 and the year 2009 respectively. The prevalence of Acinetobacter species was 17.24% and 23.47% during 2008 and 2009 respectively. The isolates had remarkably poor response towards majority of antibiotics. Polymixin B was judged to be the best antimicrobial agent with a susceptibility value ranging between 84.67% and 85.53 % followed by imipenem having 60.29 % to 63.36 % susceptibility.
Key words:- Acinetobacter, Antimicrobial resistance, Polymixin B and Imipenem.