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Research article:-Chemistry
* Wanare R. K.
Department of Chemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru College, Wadi, R.T.M., Nagpur University, Nagpur-23 (MS), India.
Abstract:- Compound 2,4-diacetyl phenol 1 has been prepared from 4-acetyl phenyl acetate by Fries rearrangement reaction and product 4-acetyl phenyl acetate was obtained from starting compound p-hydroxy acetophenone by using appropriate solvents as per reported literature. Product 2-(O-acetyl oximinoacetyl)-4-acetyl phenol 3 has been obtained via its acetylation of 2-oximinoacetyl-4-acetyl phenol 2 followed by oximation of 2,4-diacetyl phenol 1. Different 3-methyl-5-(3`-aryl prop-2`-enoyl)-1,2-benzisoxazoles 5a-o have been synthesized by the interaction of appropriate 3-methyl-5-acetyl-1,2-benzisoxazole 4 with different aromatic aldehydes and compound 4 was synthesized by the cyclisation of 2-(O-acetyl oximinoacetyl)-4-acetyl phenol 3 by using fresh dry pyridine. Oxidation of 3-methyl-5-(3`-aryl prop-2`-enoyl)-1,2-benzisoxazoles 5a-o with alkaline KMnO4 solution afforded 5-(3`-aryl prop-2`-enoyl)-1,2-benzisoxazole-3-carboxylic acids 6a-o. Glucuronidation of 6a-o with free D-gluconic acid by using dry pyridine to afford -D-glucuronosyl-5-(3`-aryl prop-2`-enoyl)-1,2-benzisoxazole-3-carboxylates 7a-o. Newly synthesized compounds are characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR, FAB-MS, elemental analysis, TLC and their chemical properties.
Key Words:- 2, 4-Diacetyl phenol, 1,2-Benzisoxazole, Carboxylic acids and β-D-Glucuronides.
Original article:- Pharmacology and Therapeutics
Frans D Suyatna MD PhD and Effi Setiawati MSc Pharm. Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Medical School, University of Indonesia, Salemba 6, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia.
Abstract:- Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), a precursor of steroidal hormones, has been widely available as food supplement. Consumption of it, especially in the long term, may alter endogenous hormone composition in man. In the present study we investigated the effects of 50 mg DHEA orally administered in 5 consecutive days, in 13 healthy male subjects of 20-30 years old on steroidal hormone metabolites in urine. Urine samples were collected at zero time, 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 12, 14 and 24 hours on day 5 after DHEA consumption and the metabolites were measured as ratios. Our results showed that the T/EpiT ratios were 1.07 ± 1.15 at zero time, peaked at 8 hours (1.18 ± 1.21), before and 1.03 ± 1.15 at zero time, peaked at 8 hours (2.11 ± 2.53) after exogenous DHEA. The A/Etio ratios were 1.45 ± 0.54 at zero time, peaked at 12 hours (1.82 ± 0.68), before and 0.77 ± 0.49 at zero time, peaked at 4 hours (1.51 ± 0.67) after exogenous DHEA. The ratios of glucuronate metabolites of 5α-androstane-3α, 17β-diol/5β-androstane-3α, 17β-diol(5α-diol/5β-diol) were 0.56 ± 0.29 at zero time, peaked at 8 hours (0.68 ± 0.40), before and 0.53 ± 0.38 at zero time, peaked at 8 hours (0.63 ±0.53), after exogenous DHEA. The DHEAS/DHEA glucuronate ratios were 20.88 ± 18.82 at zero time, peaked at 4 hours (25.60 ± 25.17), before and 67.76 ± 46.65 at zero time, peaked at 8 hours (158.03 ± 95.63), after exogenous DHEA. The DHEA levels were 30.1 ± 12.9 ng/ml at zero time and slightly fluctuated with the lowest value at 8 hours (18.99 ± 9.9) ng/ml, before and 39.6 ± 27.5 ng/ml at zero time and peaked at 4 hours ( 140.4 ± 76.4) ng/ml, after exogenous DHEA. The dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) levels were 439.2±378.4 ng/ml at zero time, fluctuated with the lowest value at 8 hours (213.3 ±174.4) ng/ml, before and 1716.9 ± 1039.8 ng/ml at zero time and peaked at 8 hours (8762.8 ± 6361.0) ng/ml after exogenous DHEA. These data suggest that consumption of exogenous DHEA alters steroidal hormones composition in the body and that voluntary consumption of the substance could be predicted by determining T/epiT and DHEAS/DHEA glucuronate ratios in urine.
Key words:- A/Etio, 5α-diol/5β-diol, Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), DHEAS/DHEA, GC/MSD, glucuronate, T/epiT.
Original article:-Community Medicine
Rituja Kaushal1, Neeraj Gour2*,Sanjay Kumar Gupta3, Arvind V Athawale4,M S Pathak5, P Tripathi6 and K Kaushal7.
1Post Graduate Resident,2Assistant Professor,3Associate Professor,4Professor and Head,5Associate Professor ,Department of Community Medicine, Peoples College of Medical Sciences & Research Centre Bhopal, M.P ,India.
6District Malaria Officer,Bhopal,M.P,India.
7Ex Superintendent,PMC, Bhopal,M.P ,India.
Abstract:- After years of fight against Malaria-a major public health problem, various states of India have started achieving success in controlling & preventing malaria transmission by implementing a broader mix of interventions. This observational secondary data based study was undertaken to assess the success achieved by District Malaria Centre, Bhopal in terms of various epidemiological surveillance parameters like API,ABER,SPR,SFR, Pf% etc. Overall a declining trend was found more or less among all epidemiological parameters which itself somehow by far reflect the quality of efforts put by district health officials and health workers. This study also demands a multicentre qualitative research in this aspect to explore what efforts and reasons have been responsible for this decline in various malariomatric parameters.
Key words:- Bhopal; malariomatric parameters; trend.
Review Article:-
Nidhi Gupta1* and Kunwarjeet Singh2
1Reader, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, 2Reader, Department of Prosthodontics and implantology, Institute of Dental Studies and Technologies, Modinagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Abstract:- In the last decade, there has been a huge explosion of interest in technologies involving remineralization of enamel and dentin. Remineralization is the natural process for non-cavited lesions and relies on calcium and phosphate ions assisted by fluoride to rebuild a surface on existing crystals remnants in subsurface lesions remaining after demineralization. These remineralized crystals are less acid soluble than the original mineral. However, when the bacterial challenge is high or the salivary components are lacking, remineralization is insufficient to halt or reverse the caries process. There is need to find ways to enhance the remineralization process and to transfer such knowledge into clinical therapy. The purpose of this present article is to demystify some of the current products and therapies available for remineralization.
Key words:- Remineralization, Recaldent, casein, phosphopeptide, Bioglass, Beta calcium phosphate.
Research article:-Microbiology
Bineeta Kashyap1*,Rajat Jhamb2,Prakash Kumar Mishra3,Iqbal R Kaur4.
1MBBS MD, Assistant Professor,3MBBS,Post Graduate Student,4MBBS MD, Professor & HOD, Department of Microbiology,2MBBS MD,Department of Medicine, UCMS & GTB Hospital, New Delhi, India.
Abstract:- Background and objectives: Diagnostic options for pulmonary tuberculosis in resource-poor settings are commonly limited to smear microscopy. Direct smear microscopy is inexpensive, rapid, and highly specific in settings where tuberculosis is endemic. However, direct smear microscopy has poor sensitivity (range, 20 to 80%), particularly in HIV-coinfected patients. The Stop TB Partnership Retooling Task Force identified bleach sedimentation as one of the promising approaches to improving the sensitivity of sputum smear microscopy in high-burden countries. Hence this study was initiated to see the effect of bleach optimization on sputum samples for direct microscopic diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. Method: A prospective study was done from February 2011 to March 2011 at the Department of Microbiology, U.C.M.S & G.T.B hospital, Delhi. Sputum sample received were aliquoted. Smears prepared from the first aliquots were stained with Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) stain after petroff’s concentration and cultured on LJ medium. The second aliquots of sputum sample were treated with bleach and processed with centrifugation and sedimentation techniques. Smears were stained with ZN and viewed under direct microscopy. Result: Out of 50 samples received, 4 samples (8%) were positive for AFB by ZN staining after petroff’s concentration, bleach centrifugation and bleach sedimentation techniques. All these samples were also culture positive on LJ medium. Conclusion: Bleach treatment (centrifugation and sedimentation) of sputum correlates with but does not improve the sensitivity of smear microscopy over ZN staining after petroffs concentration for the diagnosis of TB in a high TB burden area. Further evaluation of this method as a tool for tuberculosis control with more focus on alternative approaches to optimizing smear microscopy strategies is needed.
Key words:- Sputum microscopy, pulmonary tuberculosis, bleaches optimization, sedimentation, centrifugation.