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Research article:-Chemistry
* Wanare R. K.
Department of Chemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru College, Wadi, R.T.M., Nagpur University, Nagpur-23 (MS), India.
Abstract:- Compound 2,4-diacetyl phenol 1 has been prepared from 4-acetyl phenyl acetate by Fries rearrangement reaction and product 4-acetyl phenyl acetate was obtained from starting compound p-hydroxy acetophenone by using appropriate solvents as per reported literature. Product 2-(O-acetyl oximinoacetyl)-4-acetyl phenol 3 has been obtained via its acetylation of 2-oximinoacetyl-4-acetyl phenol 2 followed by oximation of 2,4-diacetyl phenol 1. Different 3-methyl-5-(3`-aryl prop-2`-enoyl)-1,2-benzisoxazoles 5a-o have been synthesized by the interaction of appropriate 3-methyl-5-acetyl-1,2-benzisoxazole 4 with different aromatic aldehydes and compound 4 was synthesized by the cyclisation of 2-(O-acetyl oximinoacetyl)-4-acetyl phenol 3 by using fresh dry pyridine. Oxidation of 3-methyl-5-(3`-aryl prop-2`-enoyl)-1,2-benzisoxazoles 5a-o with alkaline KMnO4 solution afforded 5-(3`-aryl prop-2`-enoyl)-1,2-benzisoxazole-3-carboxylic acids 6a-o. Glucuronidation of 6a-o with free D-gluconic acid by using dry pyridine to afford -D-glucuronosyl-5-(3`-aryl prop-2`-enoyl)-1,2-benzisoxazole-3-carboxylates 7a-o. Newly synthesized compounds are characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR, FAB-MS, elemental analysis, TLC and their chemical properties.
Key Words:- 2, 4-Diacetyl phenol, 1,2-Benzisoxazole, Carboxylic acids and β-D-Glucuronides.
Research article:-Microbiology
M.Bharathi M.D1* and A.Usha Rani M.D2
1*Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam, India.
2Professor, Department of Microbiology, Siddartha Medical College, Vijayawada, India.
Abstract:- Background:- HIV infection is presently accounts for the highest number of deaths attributable to any single infective agent. Opportunistic infections (OIs) account for a considerable proportion of such mortality. Among OIs, respiratory tract infections are one. Preventable and treatable respiratory infections are seen in up to two thirds of all HIV positive persons. Aim: - To know the bacterial pathogens other than M .tuberculosis that cause lower respiratory tract infections and their susceptibility pattern in HIV seropositive patients. Material and methods: - 100 HIV seropositive patients attended to ART centre comprised the study group. Deep, coughed up sputum was collected from patients after taking informed, written consent. After assessing quality of sputum by doing Gram’s stain, sample was inoculated on Blood agar, Mac Conkey agar and Chacolate agar. Pathogens were identified by standard methods. Results:- 59 samples were culture positive. single pathogen was isolated in 33 cases and polymicrobial in 26 cases, with total 89 pathogens. The organisms isolated were S.pneumoniae, S.aureus, β haemolytic Streptococci, Nocardia asteroides, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Esch.coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter boumannii, and Serratia marcescens. Most of the strains were susceptible to amikacin, ciprofloxacin, cefotaxim, amoxyclav, doxycyclin and roxythromycin. 17 patients had CD4 counts of <200 with culture positivity in 14 cases (82.35%) and polymicrobial etiology in 35.29% cases. CD4 counts of 201-500 were found in 53 patients with 58.49% culture positivity and 26.41% polymicrobial etiology. 30 had counts of >500 with culture positivity in 14 cases (46.46%) and polymicrobial etiology in 20% cases. Conclusions: - S.pneumoniae was the commonest pathogen (38.2%). Polymicrobial etiology of respiratory tract infections was observed in all strata of CD4 counts, but at higher frequency as CD4 count decreases.
Key words:- HIV seropositive patients, CD4 count, Lower respiratory tract infections, Bacterial pathogens.
Review article:-Periodontology and Oral Implantology
Sonakshi Gupta1 and Vidya Dodwad2*
1Postgraduate student(III Yr) ,MDS, Professor and Head2*,
Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, I.T.S.-CDSR, Muradnagar, Ghaziabad,U.P,India.
Abstract:- Periodontitis is a multifactorial, chronic disease followed by destruction of supporting structures of teeth. Besides bacteria, viruses can also be present within periodontal pockets. The role of viruses such as Herpes viruses mainly Herpes Simplex viruses 1 and 2, Human Cytomegalo virus, Epstein Barr virus is significant, as they may induce abnormalities in the adhesion, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and bactericidal activities of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The frequent occurrence of herpesviruses in various types of severe periodontal disease makes the participation of herpesvirus species in the etiology of periodontitis a distinct possibility.
Key words:- Herpesviruses, Cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, periodontitis.
Case report:-
Kunwarjeet Singh1, Himanshu Aeran2, Narendra Kumar3 and Nidhi gupta4
1Reader, Department of Prosthodontics and implantology, 3 Professor, Department of Prosthodontics and implantology,4 Reader, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive DentistryInstitute of Dental Studies and Technologies, Modinagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, Indai.
2Professor,Department of Prosthodontics and implantology,Seema dental college,Rishi Kesh, uttar Pradesh, India.
Abstract:- Aims and objectives: Making of definitive/secondary impression of displaceable flabby tissues with minimum or no displacement of tissue by using window impression technique. Background: Displaceable, flabby or hyperplastic tissues or commonly seen in the anterior region of edentulous maxilla opposing mandibular anterior natural teeth or in the mandibular alveolar ridge when extensive bone resorption has occurred. Prevalence of flabby ridges can vary, occurring in up to 24% of edentulous maxilla and in 5% of edentulous mandible. Displacement of flabby tissues during impression making is always a concern. Soft tissues that are displaced during impression making tend to return to their original form, and complete dentures fabricated from such impression will not accurately fit on the recovered tissues resulting in loss of retention, stability and occlusal disharmony the dentures. Materials and Methods: This technique uses a custom tray with a window over mobile tissues and a mucostatic impression material to minimize distortion of tissues while making impression. First an accurate record of the denture supporting and limiting structure is made except for the mobile tissues which are recorded in second step using light body polyvinyl siloxane impression material in the window area of special tray. Conclusion: The use of this technique helps in maintaining the contour and recording the detail of the tissues without displacing the flabby tissues. Hence it improves the prognosis for complete denture without surgical removal of hyperplastic tissues.
Key words:- Window impression technique, flabby ridge, polyvinyl siloxane, hypermobile tissues, Mucostatic, light body.
Review Article:-
Nidhi Gupta1* and Kunwarjeet Singh2
1Reader, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, 2Reader, Department of Prosthodontics and implantology, Institute of Dental Studies and Technologies, Modinagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Abstract:- In the last decade, there has been a huge explosion of interest in technologies involving remineralization of enamel and dentin. Remineralization is the natural process for non-cavited lesions and relies on calcium and phosphate ions assisted by fluoride to rebuild a surface on existing crystals remnants in subsurface lesions remaining after demineralization. These remineralized crystals are less acid soluble than the original mineral. However, when the bacterial challenge is high or the salivary components are lacking, remineralization is insufficient to halt or reverse the caries process. There is need to find ways to enhance the remineralization process and to transfer such knowledge into clinical therapy. The purpose of this present article is to demystify some of the current products and therapies available for remineralization.
Key words:- Remineralization, Recaldent, casein, phosphopeptide, Bioglass, Beta calcium phosphate.