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Case report:-oral medicine and radiology
N.M. Praveena1*,Ponni Vijayavel2,Priya Ramani3 and Winnifred Christy4
1,2Senior Lecturer,3reader, Department of oral medicine and radiology, Thai Moogambikai Dental College and Hospital, Maduravoyal, Chennai, Tamil Nadu,India. 4Reader, C.S.I College of Dental Science, Madurai,Tamil Nadu,India.
Abstract:- Recurrent apthous stomatitis is a very common oral mucosal lesion which one encounters in general dental practice. The etiopathogenesis is varied and may represent a T-cell mediated immunological reaction. Recurrent apthous major is a variant which demonstrates ulcers of longer duration and severity and can be extremely painful to the patient. It requires considerable care and symptomatic treatment,to elevate the pain. This paper presents a case of recurrent apthous major which was medically managed and showed good response to treatment, with long term follow up.
Key words:- Recurrent apthous stomatitis, Chronic ulcer, Steroids.
Research article:-Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Md. Atiar Rahman1*, Md. Nazim Uddin1, Nazim U. Ahmed2, Md. Rafiqul Islam3
1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong-4331, Bangladesh.
2Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh. 3Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong-4331, Bangladesh.
Abstract:- Aim: The present study was undertaken to investigate the qualitative presence of phytochemicals in Eclipta alba ethanol extract. Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory mode of action of the extract was also investigated in some rodent models. Materials and methods Phytochemical tests were made by established methods. Antinociceptive effect of the extract was evaluated by acetic acid induced writhing response model, formalin induced licking response model and thermal pain models of Swiss albino mice. The anti-inflammatory effect of the extract was measured volumetrically using the mean increase of hind paw volume of carrageenan induced Wistar albino rats. Data were analyzed by statistical software SPSS using one way ANOVA. Results:- The study confirmed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, O-glycosides, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, tannins, phlobatannins and saponins in the extract. The extract at a dose of 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 g/kg significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited the acetic acid induced pain. Similar dosages inhibited the formalin induced pain which was higher in the first phase than in the second phase. Thermal pain model showed the maximum possible effect 58.97% at the 120th minute with 2.0 g/kg of extract. The extract significantly reduced the carrageenan induced paw edema by 36.48, 40.65 and 42.41%, respectively at the 4th hour of oral administration. Eclipta alba extract was not found to be toxic in acute toxicity test. Conclusion:- The data of this study suggest that whole Eclipta alba ethanolic extract has excellent central antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects and no acute toxicity at least in this experimental condition.
Key words:- Eclipta alba, Antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, central nociception, rodent model.
Research article:-Pharmacology
Farhana R1*, Arul Amutha E2, Glory J2, Inbaraj SD2, Muniappan M3.
1Assistant Professor,2Associate Professor,3Professor, Dept. of Pharmacology, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India.
Abstract:- Aim: To study the antinoceciptive and anti-inflammatory activity of ethanolic extract of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill, on different experiment models. Materials and Methods: Wister albino rats and Swiss albino mice were used for studying antinoceciptive and anti-inflammatory activity of ethanolic extract of Lycopersicon esculentum at doses 100 mg/kg i.p. and 200 mg/kg i.p. Various models viz. acetic acid induced writhing model (mice), Eddy’s hot plate (rats) and formalin-induced paw licking model (rat) for antinoceciptive study and carrageenin induced paw oedema model (rat) for anti-inflammatory study. Results: In all the models for antinoceciptive study ethanolic extract of Lycopersicon esculentum (100 mg/kg i.p) showed significant decrease in pain sensation when compared to experimental control and standard drug. For anti-inflammatory study, ethanolic extract of Lycopersicon esculentum (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg i.p) showed significant decrease in inflammation when compared to control and standard drug. Conclusion: Ethanolic extract of Lycopersicon esculentum showed analgesic (central and peripheral) and anti-inflammatory activity.
Key words:- Antinoceciptive, Lycopersicon esculentum, Formalin test, Anti-inflammatory carrageeni.
Cadaveric Study :-Anatomy
Ambali Manoj P 1 and Jadhav Surekha D 2*
1Professor, MS, Department of Anatomy, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences Deemed University (KIMSDU) Karad, Maharashtra, India, 415110.
2Associate Professor, MD, Department of Anatomy, P. D. V. V. P. Medical College, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India, 414003.
Abstract:- Background: Carotid arteries are main arterial trunks of the head and neck. They are important landmarks defining dissection plane during radical neck surgeries. Generally, these arteries divide at upper border of thyroid cartilage. This position can vary considerable. Variations in the bifurcation levels and branching pattern of common carotid arteries are important during neck surgeries, catheterization, for radiologist in image interpretation. Aim: Aim of present study was to see the point of bifurcation and branches arising from carotid arteries. Material and methods: Hundred adult cadavers (right: 100; left: 100) of unknown sex and age were studied. After careful dissection bifurcation levels and extra branches arising from carotid arteries were noted. Results: The bifurcation level of common carotid arteries were divided into three types: Type I: Normal- at the superior border of thyroid cartilage (57%); Type II: High- above the superior border of thyroid cartilage (42%); Type III: Low- below the superior border of thyroid cartilage (1%). Various branches given from carotid arteries were noted. Conclusion: Present study shows high incidence of higher bifurcating point than lower bifurcating point of common carotid arteries which is almost always associated with variation in branching pattern of these arteries. This knowledge may be useful for surgeons, radiologist and anatomist.
Key words:- Bifurcation level, Catheterization, Common carotid arteries, Thyroid cartilage, Variations.
Case Report:- Ophthalmology
Lokesh H M1* and Bindurani M K2.
1MBBS,MS. Ophthalmology, Associate professor, Department of Ophthalmology,2MBBS,MD Anatomy, Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, Sri Siddhartha Medical College,Tumkur-572107, Karnataka State, India.
Abstract:- The Congenital lacrimal system anomalies other than nasolacrimal duct obstruction are uncommon. Hereditary lacrimal fistula is a rare developmental anomaly. We report three patients with congenital lacrimal fistulae in the same family. A female patient aged about 23 years presented with history of epiphora from both eyes since childhood. On examination small orifice was found on either side of the nose near the medial canthus of both the eyes. There was minimal mucopurulent discharge from the orifice. The lacrimal puncta were absent. There were no other ocular abnormalities except hypertelorism.The diagnosis was made as congenital bilateral lacrimal fistula. The two twin children of the patient also had same complaints. There was History of consanguinity. Karyotyping from peripheral blood of all the affected patients was done. The presence of lacrimal fistula is an indication for the search of systemic and ocular manifestations in affected patients.
Key words:- Hereditary, Hypertelorism, karyotype, Lacrimal fistula, ,manozygotic twins.