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An original article:-Oral Medicine and Radiology
Shashi Rani* Professor, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Institute of Dental Sciences(IDS),Siksha O Anusandhan University,KhandagiriSquare, Bhubaneswar-751030,Orissa, India.
Abstract:- Background: The oral cavity is a mirror of the body which serves as a diagnostic indicator for systemic diseases. Like other systemic diseases, renal diseases also have characteristic oral manifestations. The oral cavity may show a variety of changes as the body progresses from an azotemic to a uremic state in patients with impaired renal function. Aim: To study the various oral manifestations in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF), hemodialysis patients and those with renal transplants. Methods: A study of 40 cases of chronic renal failure (on conservative care, hemodialysis and post transplant) was undertaken. These patients were divided into three groups based on the treatment modality. A thorough intraoral and extra-oral examination was done on a dental chair using diagnostic instruments and changes in the oral mucosa and teeth were recorded with the help of nephrologists following all protocols. Hematologic and biochemical investigations were done. Results: The most common cause of renal failure was found to be chronic glomerulonephritis followed by hypertensive nephro-sclerosis obstructive uropathy diabetic nephropathy and reflux nephropathy. Xerostomia and halitosis were reported by 5 (62.5%) patients from Group I and 3 (15%) patients from Group II and 1 case from Group III. 1 case from Group reported increase in salivation. Conclusion: The clinical changes seen in the present study were not specific for chronic renal insuffi-ciency as similar manifestations may be exhibited by some other metabolic disorders too. But these changes when correlated to the biochemical profiles and the treatment modalities, proved to be significant prognostic markers which may help in better management of these patients.
Key words:- Chronic renal failure, Hemodialysis, Oral manifestations, Post transplant.
Original article:-Community Medicine
Aditya Suryabhan Berad* & Prabhakar Gangadhar Anwekar
MD (Community Medicine), Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Index Medical College, Indore, Madhya Pradesh-452016,India.
Aims and objective of study:- To find the prevalence of depressive symptoms in women and to study various socio-demographic factors responsible for the depression. Material and Methods: The study was undertaken in the rural field practice area of the department of Community Medicine, Index Medical College Hospital and Research Center in Indore district of Madhya Pradesh. 124 women from 15-45 years age group were interviewed using the Center for Epidemiological study-Depression scale (CES-D). Results: The prevalence of depression in women whose score was more than 16 on the CES-D scale was found to be 61.3%. The mean CES-D score for entire sample was 21.8 and was 31.04 for women scoring over 16 on the CES-D. A significantly higher rate of current depressive symptoms was observed in women of 15 to 35 years age group. Similarly a significantly higher rate of current depressive symptoms was observed in women from the nuclear family. Current depressive symptoms were significantly more common in women who had current medical and social problems as compared to women who did not. Conclusion: The prevalence of depressive symptoms reported in the study was comparable to past studies. Among the factors associated with current depressive symptoms, the important were age, type of family, current medical and social problems.
Keywords:-Depression,Women,CES-D.
Original research article:-Pathology
Banushree C Srinivasamurthy, Nagarajappa A Halappa, Dayananda S Biligi & Sacchidanand S*
*Department of Pathology & Dermatology, Bangalore Medical College & Research Institute,India.
Abstract:- Background: The spectrum of clinical disease related to lichenoid tissue reaction is wider. There is recent increase in relatively new subgroups of lichenoid clinical picture. Histopathological examination helps to derive a concept of the particular tissue reaction and it may cut across boundaries of clinically well-established classes of disease. Aims: To know the clinical and Histopathological patterns of lichen planus and lichenoid eruptions of skin, age and sex distribution of disease. To assess the clinical diagnostic accuracy of histopathology. Methods: A prospective study was conducted by taking pertinent clinical history like age, duration of lesion, site of the lesion, significant family and personal history, history of associated disease and any drug intake. Punch biopsy was taken from the lesions and sections were studied. Results: Sixty cases of lichenoid eruptions were studied,44 cases were classical lichen planus, 5 were of lichen planus pigementosus, 3 of follicular lichen planus, two of lichen nitidus, one each of lichen planus hypertrophicus, lichen planus atrophicus, lichen planus actinicus, benign lichenoid keratosis, lichenoid drup eruption and lichen striatus. 52 cases were confirmed on histopathology and 8 were diagnosed by histopathology alone. Maximum no. of cases occurred in middle age group of 21 – 50 years. Females were affected more than males. Conclusions: Most of the components of lichenoid spectrum exhibit basal cell damage and band-like inflammatory infiltrate that hugs the dermo-epidermal junction except for subtle differences that define the particular variant. Classical lichen planus is the commonest, although other variants can occur. Clinico-pathological correlation is the key to providing optimal patient care.
Keywords:- Basal cell damage, Lichen planus, lichenoid eruption, lichenoid tissue reaction.
Research article:-Pharmacology
Arul Amutha Elizabeth1*, Glory Josephine1,Inbaraj1, Farhana Rahman2 and Muniappan3.
1Associate Professor, 2Assistant Professor,3Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Sree Balaji Medical College,Chrompet,Chennai,India.
Abstract:- Background: The drugs which are used recently for pain and inflammation are either opiods or non-opioids. Even though these drugs give immediate relief, they produce side effects. Many medicinal plants have been used for a long time for these effects with no adverse effects. It is therefore essential to put efforts to develop new herbal drugs from plants. Plants still represent a large untapped source of structurally novel compounds that might serve as lead for the development of novel drugs. Vetiver is popularly known as Khas Khas grass in India. Vetiver has been known in India since ancient times. The objective of the study was to study the analgesic and anti-inflammatory action of vetiveria zizanioides. Materials and methods: Wistar rats and Swiss Albino mice were used for studying analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of ethanolic extract of vetiveria zizanioides, at doses of 50mg, 100mg and 200mg/kg body weight. Analgesia was studied in albino rats using formalin test and in albino mice using writhing test. Anti-inflammatory activity of the ethanolic extract of Vetiveria zizanioides was investigated by carrageenan- induced hind paw edema. Results: The ethanolic extract of vetiveria zizanioides, in all three doses, produced significant (p<0.01) dose-dependent inhibition of pain response elicited by acetic acid and formalin tests. In respect of anti-inflammatory activity, vetiveria zizanioides caused significant (P< 0.001) dose dependent inhibition of edema development in the carrgeenan induced inflammation. The effects of the ethanolic extract of vetiveria zizanioides were generally comparable to those of the standard drugs used. Conclusion: The findings in this study suggest that the ethanolic extract of vetiveria zizanioides possess analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities possibly mediated through central and peripheral mechanisms. These results justify the use of the extract for the treatment of painful and inflammatory conditions.
Key Words:- Vetiveria zizanioides, analgesic, anti-inflammatory.
Research article:-Pharmaceutics.
Shinde Shivram B*., Shahi Sadhana R., Lone Vidya R., Jumbade Pooja P.
Department of Pharmaceutics, Goverment College of Pharmacy, Aurangabad-431005. Maharashtra, India.
Abstract:- The purpose of this research was to develop the hydrodynamically balanced (HBS) delivery system of Verapamil Hydrochloride which, after oral administration should have the ability to prolong gastric residence time with the desired in vitro release profile for the systemic action in the treatment of hypertension. A 32 full factorial design was employed to optimize the formulation wherein hydroxypropylmethylcellulose K4M (HPMC K4M) (X1) and Carbopol 934 (X2) were taken as independent variables and amount of drug release after 12 h (Y1) was taken as the dependent variable. The capsules were prepared by physical blending of Verapamil Hydrochloride and the polymers in varying ratios. The formulation was optimized on the basis of in vitro buoyancy and in vitro release. The release data were evaluated by model depended (curve fitting method) using PCP Disso v2.08 software. Optimization studies were carried out using the Design Expert Software 8.0.1. Formulations were evaluated for in vitro buoyancy and in vitro release studies. The in vitro release followed zero order kinetics and drug release mechanism was found to be Case-II transport. It was found that both HPMC and Carbopol and their interaction had significant impact on the release and floating properties of the delivery system. Thus, combination of HPMC K4M and Carbopol 934 can be used to increase the gastric residence time and drug release for a period of 12 h.
Key words:- Hydrodynamically balanced system, Verapamil Hydrochloride, HPMC K4M, Carbopol, Factorial design.