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Research article:- Applied chemistry
Aarti chourasiya* , Anil Upadhayay and R.N. Shukla.
P. G. Department of applied chemistry, Samrat Ashok technological Institute,Vidisha (M.P.) India.
Abstract:- Quercetin was isolated from the ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the Methanol extract of the fresh leaves of Azadirachta indica (Family: Meliaceae). The crude extract of hexane, ethyl acetate and butanol soluble fractions of this methanol extract were subjected to antimicrobial screening and brine shrimp lethality bioassay. The ethyl acetate crude extract exhibited moderate antimicrobial activity against most of the test organisms and also showed significant cytotoxicity having LC50 0.61μg/ml. Flavonoid "quercetin" was isolated & identified from leaves of Azadirachta indica (Neem). The dried samples were separately soxhlet apparatus & extracted in methanol & then Methanol extract of Neem leaves was subjected to fractionation by column chromatography. The purification of quercetin by repeating TLC. The Rf value of isolated quercetin and standard quercetin was calculated. The purified material was subjected to its IR spectra, & identified as quercetin. This study is also of practical importance because quercetin is an important ingredient of Azadirachta indica.
Key words:- Azadirachta indica, Quercetin, column chromatography, Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), F.T.I.R, spectrophotometer.
Research article:-
Saravanan D1*, Ranganathan.S1, Harikumar.S1 & Sumathi.K2.
1Department of Anaesthesia,2Department of Biochemistry, Shree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chennai (Bharath University).
Abstract:- Background: Esmolol and Lignocaine attenuates cardiovascular response during laryngoscopy and intubation. The aim of the study is to compare Lignocaine versus Esmolol to observe the effect on cardiovascular response to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation. Materials and Methods: Fifty elective surgical patients of active age group (16 -60 years) American Society of Anesthesiologist physical status I & II irrespective of surgical procedure were randomly assigned to one of the two groups (A and B). Group A received injection Esmolol 0.5mg/kg injected slowly over a period of 2 minutes followed by maintenance injection 0.2mg/kg/min till intubation was completed. Patients in group B received injection Lignocaine 1 mg/kg injected slowly over a period of 2 minutes followed by maintenance injection 0.4mg/kg/ min till intubation was completed. Hemodynamic parameter i.e. blood pressures (systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and mean blood pressure), heart rate, rate were monitored after bolus, after administration of induction agents, after intubation, and at 2minutes and 10 minutes after intubation. Results: There were statistically significant (p<0.001) fall in blood pressures, heart rate and in group A i.e. pretreatment with intravenous Esmolol and remained so after 10 minutes. On the other hand there were no statistically significant (p>0.01)fall in heart rate, blood pressures and rate pressure product in group B, where pretreatment done with Lignocaine. Conclusion: The study showed that pretreatment with Esmolol 0.5mg/kg injected slowly over a period of 2 minutes followed by maintenance injection 0.2mg/kg/min till intubation suppresses the cardiovascular response due to laryngoscopy and intubation.
Key words:- Cardiovascular response, laryngoscopy, Esmolol, Lignocaine.
Research article:- Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
Mangal Puri1*, Anita Singh2, Meenal Patvekar1, Stuty Tyagi1, Pratima Sharma1 & Smita S. Singhania1.
*1Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. Pad. Dr.D.Y. Patil Medical College, hospital and research centre.Dr.D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
2Professor and Head, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. Gian Sagar Medical College, Ramnagar , Banur.Patiala, Punjab, India.
Abstract: Background: Vaginal route of hysterectomy is preferred than abdominal, which has increased the chances of vault collection leading to postoperative morbidity. Present study is done to evaluate the prevalence of ultrasonologically detectable vault hematoma after vaginal hysterectomy (VH) and its correlation with postoperative morbidity and to study whether routine postoperative ultrasound following VH can help to reduce it. Materials and Methods: A group of 100 women who underwent vaginal hysterectomy at tertiary care centre and teaching hospital, for benign causes and utero-vaginal prolapse were selected. Transabdominal and transperineal or transvaginal ultrasound examinations were carried out on 3rd, 7th and 9th postoperative days to assess the presence of vault hematomas. Ultrasound findings were correlated with clinical data regarding postoperative morbidity. Results: The incidence of vault hematoma was found to be 8% in present study, 37% had febrile morbidity and 50% patients had postoperative drop in haemoglobin. Association with intra and post operative haemorrhage was noted. Large sized hematomas were drained vaginally under anaesthesia, while all small and medium sized hematomas were managed by anti-fibrinolytics and antibiotics successfully. Conclusion: Postoperative ultrasound need not be a routine procedure but that helps to reduce morbidity in selected patients.
Key Words: Vault hematoma, vaginal hysterectomy, ultrasound evaluation.
Research article:-Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Md. Atiar Rahman1*, Md. Nazim Uddin1, Nazim U. Ahmed2, Md. Rafiqul Islam3
1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong-4331, Bangladesh.
2Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh. 3Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong-4331, Bangladesh.
Abstract:- Aim: The present study was undertaken to investigate the qualitative presence of phytochemicals in Eclipta alba ethanol extract. Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory mode of action of the extract was also investigated in some rodent models. Materials and methods Phytochemical tests were made by established methods. Antinociceptive effect of the extract was evaluated by acetic acid induced writhing response model, formalin induced licking response model and thermal pain models of Swiss albino mice. The anti-inflammatory effect of the extract was measured volumetrically using the mean increase of hind paw volume of carrageenan induced Wistar albino rats. Data were analyzed by statistical software SPSS using one way ANOVA. Results:- The study confirmed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, O-glycosides, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, tannins, phlobatannins and saponins in the extract. The extract at a dose of 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 g/kg significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited the acetic acid induced pain. Similar dosages inhibited the formalin induced pain which was higher in the first phase than in the second phase. Thermal pain model showed the maximum possible effect 58.97% at the 120th minute with 2.0 g/kg of extract. The extract significantly reduced the carrageenan induced paw edema by 36.48, 40.65 and 42.41%, respectively at the 4th hour of oral administration. Eclipta alba extract was not found to be toxic in acute toxicity test. Conclusion:- The data of this study suggest that whole Eclipta alba ethanolic extract has excellent central antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects and no acute toxicity at least in this experimental condition.
Key words:- Eclipta alba, Antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, central nociception, rodent model.
Cadaveric study:-anatomy
Vinodhini Periyasamy1*,Mamatha Hosapatna2,Balakrishnan3, Suhani Sumalatha4, Antony Sylvan D’souza5.
1PG Student,2Assistant professor,3Assistant Surgeon,4Lecturer,5Professor and Head, Department of anatomy,Kasturba medical college,Manipal -576104,India.
Abstract:- Background:- Biceps brachii derives its name from two proximally attached heads. The origin of long head starts within the capsule of the shoulder joint, runs from the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula at the apex, along with the glenoidal labrum. Theyarch over the humeral head and descend in the intertubercular sulcus. Aim The study was designed to assess the variations in the origin of long head of biceps brachii from the glenoid labrum of the scapula. Materials and methods The shoulder joint cavity of 50 [adult & fetal] male & female cadavers was extensively studied in the Department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College and Manipal. Recordings of the percentage of fibers arising from the tubercle, the anterior labrum, and the posterior labrum were assessed. Results 58% all the labral part of the attachment was to the posterior labrum, with few fibers to the anterior labrum,39% equal contributions to anterior and posterior labrum and 3% most attached to the anterior labrum, with a small contribution to the posterior labrum. Conclusion An understanding of these normal anatomical variations is essential in evaluating and treating labral pathology in throwing athletes. Shoulder instability in baseball pitchers is related to forceful contraction of the injured biceps tendon.The pathology correlates with the immense stress placed on the shoulder and the biceps brachialis muscle during the throwing motion. In geriatric population, minimum intervention (debridement, biceps tenodesis/tenotomy) to these lesions resulted in excellent patient satisfaction and outcomes.
Key words: Biceps, Labrum, Baseball Pitchers, SLAP.