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Review article:-Periodontics
Dr. Sandeep A. Lawande MDS, FICOI (USA), FICD, FPFA
Assistant professor, Department of Periodontics, Goa Dental College & Hospital, Bambolim, Goa,India.
Abstract:- Obesity is a growing medical problem worldwide. Obesity is a systemic disease that predisposes to a variety of co-morbidities and complications that affect overall health. Cross-sectional studies suggest that obesity is also associated with oral diseases, particularly periodontal disease, and prospective studies suggest that periodontitis may be related to cardiovascular disease. This article explores the multidirectional relationship between obesity and periodontal disease.
Key words:- Obesity, periodontal disease, inflammation.
Research article:- Pharmacology
Glory Josephine.I1*, Arul Amutha Elizabeth2, Farhana Rahman3, InbarajS.D4, Muniappan.M5, Muthiah6.
1,2,4Associate Professor,3Assistant professor,4,5Department of Pharmacology, Sree Balaji Medical college, Chrompet,Chennai,India.
Abstract:- Aim: Depression is a severe psychiatric disorder with a lifetime prevalence as high as 21%. In Ayurveda ,the a ancient traditional system of medicine, mention a number of single and compound drug formulation of plant origin that have been used to treat the psychiatric disorders. Vetiveria zizanioides is the common source of the well known oil of vetiver, particularly used in aromatherapy and regarded as a tonic to the nervous system.So our aim is to compare the effects of the antidepressant drug fluoxetine and vetiveria zizanioides on depressive behavior in albino rats. Materials and methods: Both Forced swimming test(FST) and Tail suspension test(TST) were used for screening antidepressant effect, The ethanolic extract of Vetiveria zizanioides at three different doses (50,100,200mg/kg,i.p.), fluoxetine(10mg/kg) and saline were administered 30mts prior to the tests and the immobility period was recorded for 6mts.The antidepressant effect of Vetiveria ziizanioides was compared to that of fluoxetine. Results: Both fluoxetine(10mg/kg) and Vetiveria zizanioides (100mg/kg) produced significant antidepressant effect by reduction in immobility period as compared to control. However findings suggested that combination of fluoxetine and Vetiveria is more effective than Vetiveria alone Conclusion: The results of the present study indicated the antidepressant activity of Vetiveria zizanioides and potential for use of an adjuvant in depression.
Keywords:- Antidepressant, Forced swimming test, Tail suspension test, Vetiveria zizanioides.
Research article:- Pulmonology and Critical Care
Rakesh K Gupta*
*Assistant Professor, Department of Pulmonology and Critical Care, King Fahd Hospital of University , University of Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Abstract: Background: In recent years non-invasive ventilator modalities have been developed to improve alveolar ventilation and oxygenation with-out the need for an artificial airway. It is found to be an effective modality for the treatment of hypercapnic as well as hypoxic respiratory failure. In some patients however noninvasive ventilation is inadequate and invasive ventilation cannot be avoided. Failure of initial trial of NIPPV may lead to a delay in intubation and associated with significant increase in mortality.
Objectives: To find the base line parameters associated with failure of NIPPV so that individual could be identified who are likely to fail to respond to NIPPV either before or shortly after a trial of therapy.
Methods: Prospective observational study was conducted including hypoxic and hypercapnic respiratory failure and put on NIPPV. The patients ECG, oxygen saturation, blood pressure and respiratory rate were continuously monitored. Arterial blood gas level measured on admission, 1, 4, 12, 36 hours after starting NIPPV.
Result: It was observed that among the hypoxemic patients unsuccessful group had significantly higher heart rate (128±9.98 Vs 115±14.4, p = 0.43) than successfully treated group. ADL score was also found to be significantly low in failure group (1.50±0.54 Vs 2.35±0.67, p = 0.009) in comparison to success group. After 1 hr of administration of NIPPV respiratory rate (27±4.73) and PaO2 (94.2±21.6) in success group improved significantly. In hypercapnic group baseline heart rate (134±8.36 Vs 105±12.3) and respiratory rate (37.4±3.95 Vs 33.5 ±2.32) was significantly higher in failure patients as compared to successful ones. After 1hr of NIPPV trial pH, HR and RR improve significantly in success group as compared to failure group 7.36±0.04 Vs 7.30±7.99, 93±15.1 Vs 135±7.99, 27.9±5.83 Vs 37.1±3.98 respectively.
Conclusion: NIPPV may be useful for avoiding intubation in patients with acute respiratory failure but data available at the time of initiation of NIPPV and after a short period can predict the likelihood of success or failure. So that any delay in intubation can be avoided which itself is associated with significant mortality.
Research article:- Microbiology
Menezes Priyadharshini S.1,2*, Madhavan Radha1, Arunagiri K.3, Menaka K3, Sekar B3,4. 1Department of Microbiology, SRM Medical College Hospital & Research Institute, Kattankalathur, Tamil Nadu, India.
2Department of Immunology, National Institute of Research in Tuberculosis (ICMR) [previously TRC], Chetpet, Chennai, India.
3Laboratory Division, Central Leprosy Teaching & Research Institute, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India.
4Pasteur Institute of India, Coonoor, Tamil Nadu, India.
Abstract: Background: ESBLs are mutant; plasmid-mediated β-lactamases that hydrolyses all cephalosporins, penicillins, and aztreonam but are inhibited by beta lactamase inhibitors like clavulanic acid. The CTX-M-3 enzyme, which commonly hydrolyses cephotaxime, is one of the most common and broadly disseminated β- lactamase. A point mutation in CTX-M-3 gives rise to CTX-M-15 which increases the hydrolytic activity against ceftazidime also. Materials & Methods: A total of 319 clinical Gram negative isolates obtained between January 2008 and August 2008 in a tertiary care hospital were included in the study. The isolates were screened for resistance to third generation (ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cephotaxime) cephalosporins by Kirby Bauer Disc Diffusion test. The third generation cephalosporin resistant strains were confirmed as ESBL producing by MIC phenotypic method. Results: Of 319 isolates tested, 92 were screen positive for ESBL. However, of 92 isolates only 62 (67.4%) were ESBL positive by phenotypic confirmatory method. Molecular characterisation of ESBL positive isolates revealed 12, 4 and 3 isolates being positive for blaCTX-M, blaTEM and blaSHV respectively. All the 12 blaCTX-M positive isolates belonged to Cluster– I, of which 5 isolates were positive for the blaCTX-M-3 variant by PCR using specific primers. BLAST analysis showed that 3 of 5 (60%) and 2 out of 5 (40%) isolates were positive for blaCTX-M-3 and blaCTX-M-15 respectively. Conclusion: This study emphasizes the molecular characterization of the ESBLs and its prevalence in this hospital and also highlights the incidence of blaCTX-M-15 type ESBL.
Keywords:- ESBL, MIC, blaCTX-M-15 Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Research article:-Microbiology
Rabindranath Misra,Nageswari Gandham, Moumita Sardar, Mahadev Ujagare, Kalpana Angadi, Chanda Vyawahare, Indranath Roy and Savita Jadhav*
Department of Microbiology,Pad. Dr. D.Y. Patil medical college and Hospital, Pimpri Pune-411018, Maharashtra, India.
Abstract:- Introduction: Citrobacter freundii is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause diarrhoea, urinary tract infection, respiratory tract infection and acute meningitis. In health care settings Citrobacter species have become an increasing cause of concern as they are multi-drug resistant (MDR) and associated with high mortality between 30-60%. Recently, there has been an increase in isolates of Citrobacter species from various clinical specimens from different patients in our hospital. We investigated the epidemiology of Citrobacter species in patients admitted in our hospital and noted down the antibiotic susceptibility pattern and framed antibiotic policy for the treatment of multi-drug resistant Citrobacter. Materials & Methods: Study was conducted in Pad. Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Center, Pune from 1st Jan to 31st July 2011. Specimens were collected and implicated pathogens were identified by standard conventional methods. Susceptibility testing was performed according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Result & Observations: The results showed high isolation of Citrobacter spp. Total 114 Citrobacter spp. were isolated and from various samples.vis body fluid 29 (25.43%), urine 26 (22.80%), blood 23 (20.17%), pus 23(20.175).Maximum isolates were from medicine ward and MICU 40(35.81%) and21(20.18%) respectively. Out of 114 Citrobacter spp. 51(44.73%) were ESBL producers and 12 (10.52%) MBL producers. Total 63 (52.26%) strains were MDR. As against this during the same period in previous year total 32 Citrobacter spp were isolated of which 4 were MDR. Conclusion: We report high prevalence of MDR Citrobacter species as a nosocomial pathogen in our hospital and thus recommend revising the treatment protocol. In the present scenario, where ESBL genes are predominant in Citrobacter, Cefoperazone/ceftazidime and Tazobactum combination are ideal choice instead of carbapenems. Carbapenems should be kept as a reserve drug. This bacterium shows rising resistance to these drugs; hence indiscriminate use of antibiotics should be avoided.
Key words:- Citrobacter frundii, Citrobacter koserii, Multidrug resistance, Nosocomial infections.