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Research article:-Pharmaceutics.
Shinde Shivram B*., Shahi Sadhana R., Lone Vidya R., Jumbade Pooja P.
Department of Pharmaceutics, Goverment College of Pharmacy, Aurangabad-431005. Maharashtra, India.
Abstract:- The purpose of this research was to develop the hydrodynamically balanced (HBS) delivery system of Verapamil Hydrochloride which, after oral administration should have the ability to prolong gastric residence time with the desired in vitro release profile for the systemic action in the treatment of hypertension. A 32 full factorial design was employed to optimize the formulation wherein hydroxypropylmethylcellulose K4M (HPMC K4M) (X1) and Carbopol 934 (X2) were taken as independent variables and amount of drug release after 12 h (Y1) was taken as the dependent variable. The capsules were prepared by physical blending of Verapamil Hydrochloride and the polymers in varying ratios. The formulation was optimized on the basis of in vitro buoyancy and in vitro release. The release data were evaluated by model depended (curve fitting method) using PCP Disso v2.08 software. Optimization studies were carried out using the Design Expert Software 8.0.1. Formulations were evaluated for in vitro buoyancy and in vitro release studies. The in vitro release followed zero order kinetics and drug release mechanism was found to be Case-II transport. It was found that both HPMC and Carbopol and their interaction had significant impact on the release and floating properties of the delivery system. Thus, combination of HPMC K4M and Carbopol 934 can be used to increase the gastric residence time and drug release for a period of 12 h.
Key words:- Hydrodynamically balanced system, Verapamil Hydrochloride, HPMC K4M, Carbopol, Factorial design.
Case report-Microbiology
Manisa Sahu1*, Sujatha S2, Sadia Khan3 & Subhash C Parija4. *1Ex PG student ; Department of Microbiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India. 2Professor, Department of Microbiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India. 3Ex PG student ; Department of Microbiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India. 4Professor and Head, Department of Microbiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India.
Abstract:- Candida species, especially non albicans species have replaced Candida albicans as the predominant opportunistic pathogen in more than half of the cases of candidal infections in compromised patients. A 35 year old male was admitted to the orthopedics ward after sustaining patellar fracture on the left leg following a road traffic accident developed compartment syndrome. He was managed conservatively with antibiotics and rest. Gradually he developed gangrene of the affected part. Patient was otherwise immunocompetent. Both aerobic and anaerobic bacterial culture of tissue bit did not show any growth twice. Subsequent aerobic culture on blood agar showed yeast like colonies identified as Candida zeylanoides, a rare isolate, sensitive to fluconazole and amphotericin B. Symptoms improved after treatment with fluconazole and patient was discharged. The changing scenario of candidiasis emphasizes the definitive identification to species level and determination of its antifungal susceptibility pattern for proper management of the infections.
Key words:- Candida albicans, Candida zeylanoides, gangrene and fluconazole.
Case Report:- Ophthalmology
Lokesh H M1* and Bindurani M K2.
1MBBS,MS. Ophthalmology, Associate professor, Department of Ophthalmology,2MBBS,MD Anatomy, Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, Sri Siddhartha Medical College,Tumkur-572107, Karnataka State, India.
Abstract:- The Congenital lacrimal system anomalies other than nasolacrimal duct obstruction are uncommon. Hereditary lacrimal fistula is a rare developmental anomaly. We report three patients with congenital lacrimal fistulae in the same family. A female patient aged about 23 years presented with history of epiphora from both eyes since childhood. On examination small orifice was found on either side of the nose near the medial canthus of both the eyes. There was minimal mucopurulent discharge from the orifice. The lacrimal puncta were absent. There were no other ocular abnormalities except hypertelorism.The diagnosis was made as congenital bilateral lacrimal fistula. The two twin children of the patient also had same complaints. There was History of consanguinity. Karyotyping from peripheral blood of all the affected patients was done. The presence of lacrimal fistula is an indication for the search of systemic and ocular manifestations in affected patients.
Key words:- Hereditary, Hypertelorism, karyotype, Lacrimal fistula, ,manozygotic twins.
Research article:-Microbiology
Rabindranath Misra,Nageswari Gandham, Moumita Sardar, Mahadev Ujagare, Kalpana Angadi, Chanda Vyawahare, Indranath Roy and Savita Jadhav*
Department of Microbiology,Pad. Dr. D.Y. Patil medical college and Hospital, Pimpri Pune-411018, Maharashtra, India.
Abstract:- Introduction: Citrobacter freundii is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause diarrhoea, urinary tract infection, respiratory tract infection and acute meningitis. In health care settings Citrobacter species have become an increasing cause of concern as they are multi-drug resistant (MDR) and associated with high mortality between 30-60%. Recently, there has been an increase in isolates of Citrobacter species from various clinical specimens from different patients in our hospital. We investigated the epidemiology of Citrobacter species in patients admitted in our hospital and noted down the antibiotic susceptibility pattern and framed antibiotic policy for the treatment of multi-drug resistant Citrobacter. Materials & Methods: Study was conducted in Pad. Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Center, Pune from 1st Jan to 31st July 2011. Specimens were collected and implicated pathogens were identified by standard conventional methods. Susceptibility testing was performed according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Result & Observations: The results showed high isolation of Citrobacter spp. Total 114 Citrobacter spp. were isolated and from various samples.vis body fluid 29 (25.43%), urine 26 (22.80%), blood 23 (20.17%), pus 23(20.175).Maximum isolates were from medicine ward and MICU 40(35.81%) and21(20.18%) respectively. Out of 114 Citrobacter spp. 51(44.73%) were ESBL producers and 12 (10.52%) MBL producers. Total 63 (52.26%) strains were MDR. As against this during the same period in previous year total 32 Citrobacter spp were isolated of which 4 were MDR. Conclusion: We report high prevalence of MDR Citrobacter species as a nosocomial pathogen in our hospital and thus recommend revising the treatment protocol. In the present scenario, where ESBL genes are predominant in Citrobacter, Cefoperazone/ceftazidime and Tazobactum combination are ideal choice instead of carbapenems. Carbapenems should be kept as a reserve drug. This bacterium shows rising resistance to these drugs; hence indiscriminate use of antibiotics should be avoided.
Key words:- Citrobacter frundii, Citrobacter koserii, Multidrug resistance, Nosocomial infections.
Research article:-Zoology
Eshita Pandey, Anjali Srivastava & Sabina Khanam
Department of Zoology, Dayanand Girls P.G. College, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Abstract:- There are psychological, physical, and biological stressors in abundance in our environment and together with extreme environmental conditions they have significant negative effects on physiological and life history traits of organisms. The present study focusses on starvation as a stress factor on a species of Quails- Coturnix coturnix. Anthropogenic factors have reduced both feeding sites and food for animals forcing them to starve unnaturally and this led to choice of starvation as a factor for study. The study categorized the birds into two groups, non-stressed or the control group and stressed or the experimental group which were provided with water but no food. Following the completion of experiment serum was separated and electrophoresis (SDS- PAGE) was performed on the samples after which gel surfaces were photographed and analyzed for the bandwidth of the serum proteins. Birds showed normal behavior initially and their water intake was normal, later their excreta increased, they became restless and their water consumption increased significantly. The birds also showed puffing. Four bands on the whole in Coturnix coturnix were seen to be present in the control samples and not traced in the experimental samples; similarly one band could be traced in the experimental samples and not in the control sample. Three bands are found to be thicker in the experimental samples as when compared to the control sample which indicate towards proteins whose synthesis were enhanced under conditions of stress. One band in the experimental sample showed a change in position with the corresponding control sample indicating towards a change in molecular weight of the protein concerned due to stress.
Keywords:- Anthropogenic factors, Stressors, Coturnix coturnix, Starvation, SDS-PAGE.