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Research article:- Microbiology
Menezes Priyadharshini S.1,2*, Madhavan Radha1, Arunagiri K.3, Menaka K3, Sekar B3,4. 1Department of Microbiology, SRM Medical College Hospital & Research Institute, Kattankalathur, Tamil Nadu, India.
2Department of Immunology, National Institute of Research in Tuberculosis (ICMR) [previously TRC], Chetpet, Chennai, India.
3Laboratory Division, Central Leprosy Teaching & Research Institute, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India.
4Pasteur Institute of India, Coonoor, Tamil Nadu, India.
Abstract: Background: ESBLs are mutant; plasmid-mediated β-lactamases that hydrolyses all cephalosporins, penicillins, and aztreonam but are inhibited by beta lactamase inhibitors like clavulanic acid. The CTX-M-3 enzyme, which commonly hydrolyses cephotaxime, is one of the most common and broadly disseminated β- lactamase. A point mutation in CTX-M-3 gives rise to CTX-M-15 which increases the hydrolytic activity against ceftazidime also. Materials & Methods: A total of 319 clinical Gram negative isolates obtained between January 2008 and August 2008 in a tertiary care hospital were included in the study. The isolates were screened for resistance to third generation (ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cephotaxime) cephalosporins by Kirby Bauer Disc Diffusion test. The third generation cephalosporin resistant strains were confirmed as ESBL producing by MIC phenotypic method. Results: Of 319 isolates tested, 92 were screen positive for ESBL. However, of 92 isolates only 62 (67.4%) were ESBL positive by phenotypic confirmatory method. Molecular characterisation of ESBL positive isolates revealed 12, 4 and 3 isolates being positive for blaCTX-M, blaTEM and blaSHV respectively. All the 12 blaCTX-M positive isolates belonged to Cluster– I, of which 5 isolates were positive for the blaCTX-M-3 variant by PCR using specific primers. BLAST analysis showed that 3 of 5 (60%) and 2 out of 5 (40%) isolates were positive for blaCTX-M-3 and blaCTX-M-15 respectively. Conclusion: This study emphasizes the molecular characterization of the ESBLs and its prevalence in this hospital and also highlights the incidence of blaCTX-M-15 type ESBL.
Keywords:- ESBL, MIC, blaCTX-M-15 Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Research article:- Biochemistry, & Bioinformatics
Paramasivam Ragavendran1, Murugan Muthu1, Chintamony Arul Raj1, Dominic Sophia1, Thangarajan Starlin2, Balasubramanian Vidya1, Palanisamy Chella Perumal2 & Velliyur Kanniappan Gopalakrishnan1,2*.
1Department of Biochemistry, Karpagam University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India 641 021. 2Department of Bioinformatics, Karpagam University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India, 641 021.
Abstract:- Aerva lanata (A. lanata) L. is an ayurvedic medicinal plant, found throughout tropical India as a common weed in fields and wasteland. In this study, to evaluate the HPTLC fingerprinting analysis of bioactive compounds for the identification and conformation analysis of aqueous, ethanol and aqueous ethanol extract of A.lanata. Quantification of these bioactive compounds are carried out, after that these extracts undergo the analysis of HPTLC profile of flavanoid, phenols, tannins, terpenoids and glycosides. All the three extracts of A.lanata has flavanoid, phenolics, tannins, terpenoids and glycosides. But terpenoids are not present in aqueous extract. The present study supplements the folkloric usage of the studied plants which possess known and unknown bioactive compounds with bioactivity. By isolating and identifying of these compounds can be formulated to treat diseases. This plant can be utilized as useful herb for alleviation of various illness and disorder.
Key words:- Aerva lanata, HPTLC fingerprinting, Flavanoid, Phenolics, Tannins
Cadaveric study:-anatomy
Vinodhini Periyasamy1*,Mamatha Hosapatna2,Balakrishnan3, Suhani Sumalatha4, Antony Sylvan D’souza5.
1PG Student,2Assistant professor,3Assistant Surgeon,4Lecturer,5Professor and Head, Department of anatomy,Kasturba medical college,Manipal -576104,India.
Abstract:- Background:- Biceps brachii derives its name from two proximally attached heads. The origin of long head starts within the capsule of the shoulder joint, runs from the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula at the apex, along with the glenoidal labrum. Theyarch over the humeral head and descend in the intertubercular sulcus. Aim The study was designed to assess the variations in the origin of long head of biceps brachii from the glenoid labrum of the scapula. Materials and methods The shoulder joint cavity of 50 [adult & fetal] male & female cadavers was extensively studied in the Department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College and Manipal. Recordings of the percentage of fibers arising from the tubercle, the anterior labrum, and the posterior labrum were assessed. Results 58% all the labral part of the attachment was to the posterior labrum, with few fibers to the anterior labrum,39% equal contributions to anterior and posterior labrum and 3% most attached to the anterior labrum, with a small contribution to the posterior labrum. Conclusion An understanding of these normal anatomical variations is essential in evaluating and treating labral pathology in throwing athletes. Shoulder instability in baseball pitchers is related to forceful contraction of the injured biceps tendon.The pathology correlates with the immense stress placed on the shoulder and the biceps brachialis muscle during the throwing motion. In geriatric population, minimum intervention (debridement, biceps tenodesis/tenotomy) to these lesions resulted in excellent patient satisfaction and outcomes.
Key words: Biceps, Labrum, Baseball Pitchers, SLAP.
Review article:-Orthodontics.
Soumya K.M1 , Aravind S Raju 2* ,Shabeer 1,Mahantesh3,Renji K Paul2.
1MDS, Senior Lecturer, Department of Orthodontics, Alazar Dental College, Kerala,India. 2MDS, Senior Lecturer, Department of Orthodontics, St.Gregorios Dental College, Kerala, India.
3MDS, Senior Lecturer, Department of Orthodontics, Ramaiah Dental College & Hospital, Karanataka,India.
Abstract: Human beings are normally nasal breathers. The nasal and oral cavities serve as pathways for respiratory airflow. Ordinarily, the inspiratory and expiratory airstreams are channeled through the nose because the mouth is usually closed. However, in some individuals, because of nasal airway inadequacy or habit, the oral cavity becomes the predominant route for the passage of respiratory airflow. This may affect the growth and development. This article reviews the anatomy, diagnosis, treatment and various aspects of upper airway and its importance in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment.
Key Words: Upper airway, diagnosis, orthodontic.
Original article:- Plastic Surgery
Madhumita Gupta1,AshwinPai2*,Sandipan Gupta3,Ravi R4, Raghavendra S5 & Aditya Kanoi6 1MS (Mch) , PDT ,2MS MRCSEdMRCSEng (Mch), PDT Dept of Plastic surgery , SSKM Hospital and IPGMER , Kolkata- 26,India. 3HOD,Dept of Plastic Surgery ,Medical college Hospital, Kolkata, India. 4,5,6 MS (Mch) PDT,Dept of Plastic surgery , SSKM Hospital and IPGMER , Kolkata- 26,India.
Abstract:- Background: The advent of skin–sparing mastectomy (SSM) with immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) as an established treatment option revolutionized the standard surgical management of breast carcinoma. However, it includesextirpation of the nipple-areola complex (NAC) that causes a feeling of mutilation which reconstruction cannot overcome.The present study is aimed at determining the pre-operative criteria that will guide the NAC preservation in selected patients of breast carcinoma. Methods: This multi-institution based observational prospective study was carried out in Kolkata, India between July 2007 to January 2012 with a study population comprising of 330 subjects. Histopathologically confirmed malignant involvement of the NAC in the mastectomy specimens was correlated with pre-operative clinical parameters like site (including areola-tumor distance), size of the tumor (T), skin involvement , palpable regional lymph nodes and histopathological parameters like size of the tumor (pT), skin involvement (pT), number of positive lymph nodes (pN), stage of the tumor (pTNM), histological type of the tumor, histological grade of the tumor. Chi-square analysis was done for different characteristics vis-à-vis NAC involvement. Two sided lists, wherever possible, had been performed at 5% level of significance and P-values were evaluated. Results: The total frequency of malignant involvement of the NAC was 115 (34.85%) of 330 cases. NAC was involved in only 15 (7.5%) of 200 patientswith peripherally located tumours(with areola-tumor distance >2.5 cm), compared with a huge 100 (76.92%) of 130 patients with tumours located in central or retro-areolar areas of the breast. Only 5 of 150 (3.33%) peripheral tumors <5 cm size had malignant NAC involvement, whereas 10 of 50 tumors(20%) >5 cm had so. However, even in tumors >5 cm with NAC involvement majority (45 of 55) were central in location.None of the 30 patients, having peripherally located tumours with skin infiltration, had any NAC involvement. Involvement of NAC in patients with stage III tumors(53.85%) is significantly more as compared to stage I & II tumors. However, the central tumors with NAC involvement grossly outnumbered the peripheral ones in all 3 stages. Histological type and grade showed no significant association with NAC involvement. Conclusion: NAC can be preserved in patients with peripheral tumours (particularly those ≤ 5 cm in size, and belonging to stages I and II), irrespective of their nodal status ,skin involvement, histological type and grade to improve the aesthetic outcome of immediate breast reconstruction.
Key words:- Skin-sparing mastectomy; Immediate breast reconstruction; Nipple-areola complex; Nipple - areola complex preservation.