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Research article:- Applied chemistry
Aarti chourasiya* , Anil Upadhayay and R.N. Shukla.
P. G. Department of applied chemistry, Samrat Ashok technological Institute,Vidisha (M.P.) India.
Abstract:- Quercetin was isolated from the ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the Methanol extract of the fresh leaves of Azadirachta indica (Family: Meliaceae). The crude extract of hexane, ethyl acetate and butanol soluble fractions of this methanol extract were subjected to antimicrobial screening and brine shrimp lethality bioassay. The ethyl acetate crude extract exhibited moderate antimicrobial activity against most of the test organisms and also showed significant cytotoxicity having LC50 0.61μg/ml. Flavonoid "quercetin" was isolated & identified from leaves of Azadirachta indica (Neem). The dried samples were separately soxhlet apparatus & extracted in methanol & then Methanol extract of Neem leaves was subjected to fractionation by column chromatography. The purification of quercetin by repeating TLC. The Rf value of isolated quercetin and standard quercetin was calculated. The purified material was subjected to its IR spectra, & identified as quercetin. This study is also of practical importance because quercetin is an important ingredient of Azadirachta indica.
Key words:- Azadirachta indica, Quercetin, column chromatography, Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), F.T.I.R, spectrophotometer.
Research article:- Pharmacology
Glory Josephine.I1*, Arul Amutha Elizabeth2, Farhana Rahman3, InbarajS.D4, Muniappan.M5, Muthiah6.
1,2,4Associate Professor,3Assistant professor,4,5Department of Pharmacology, Sree Balaji Medical college, Chrompet,Chennai,India.
Abstract:- Aim: Depression is a severe psychiatric disorder with a lifetime prevalence as high as 21%. In Ayurveda ,the a ancient traditional system of medicine, mention a number of single and compound drug formulation of plant origin that have been used to treat the psychiatric disorders. Vetiveria zizanioides is the common source of the well known oil of vetiver, particularly used in aromatherapy and regarded as a tonic to the nervous system.So our aim is to compare the effects of the antidepressant drug fluoxetine and vetiveria zizanioides on depressive behavior in albino rats. Materials and methods: Both Forced swimming test(FST) and Tail suspension test(TST) were used for screening antidepressant effect, The ethanolic extract of Vetiveria zizanioides at three different doses (50,100,200mg/kg,i.p.), fluoxetine(10mg/kg) and saline were administered 30mts prior to the tests and the immobility period was recorded for 6mts.The antidepressant effect of Vetiveria ziizanioides was compared to that of fluoxetine. Results: Both fluoxetine(10mg/kg) and Vetiveria zizanioides (100mg/kg) produced significant antidepressant effect by reduction in immobility period as compared to control. However findings suggested that combination of fluoxetine and Vetiveria is more effective than Vetiveria alone Conclusion: The results of the present study indicated the antidepressant activity of Vetiveria zizanioides and potential for use of an adjuvant in depression.
Keywords:- Antidepressant, Forced swimming test, Tail suspension test, Vetiveria zizanioides.
Research article:-Microbiology
Rabindranath Misra,Nageswari Gandham, Moumita Sardar, Mahadev Ujagare, Kalpana Angadi, Chanda Vyawahare, Indranath Roy and Savita Jadhav*
Department of Microbiology,Pad. Dr. D.Y. Patil medical college and Hospital, Pimpri Pune-411018, Maharashtra, India.
Abstract:- Introduction: Citrobacter freundii is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause diarrhoea, urinary tract infection, respiratory tract infection and acute meningitis. In health care settings Citrobacter species have become an increasing cause of concern as they are multi-drug resistant (MDR) and associated with high mortality between 30-60%. Recently, there has been an increase in isolates of Citrobacter species from various clinical specimens from different patients in our hospital. We investigated the epidemiology of Citrobacter species in patients admitted in our hospital and noted down the antibiotic susceptibility pattern and framed antibiotic policy for the treatment of multi-drug resistant Citrobacter. Materials & Methods: Study was conducted in Pad. Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Center, Pune from 1st Jan to 31st July 2011. Specimens were collected and implicated pathogens were identified by standard conventional methods. Susceptibility testing was performed according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Result & Observations: The results showed high isolation of Citrobacter spp. Total 114 Citrobacter spp. were isolated and from various samples.vis body fluid 29 (25.43%), urine 26 (22.80%), blood 23 (20.17%), pus 23(20.175).Maximum isolates were from medicine ward and MICU 40(35.81%) and21(20.18%) respectively. Out of 114 Citrobacter spp. 51(44.73%) were ESBL producers and 12 (10.52%) MBL producers. Total 63 (52.26%) strains were MDR. As against this during the same period in previous year total 32 Citrobacter spp were isolated of which 4 were MDR. Conclusion: We report high prevalence of MDR Citrobacter species as a nosocomial pathogen in our hospital and thus recommend revising the treatment protocol. In the present scenario, where ESBL genes are predominant in Citrobacter, Cefoperazone/ceftazidime and Tazobactum combination are ideal choice instead of carbapenems. Carbapenems should be kept as a reserve drug. This bacterium shows rising resistance to these drugs; hence indiscriminate use of antibiotics should be avoided.
Key words:- Citrobacter frundii, Citrobacter koserii, Multidrug resistance, Nosocomial infections.
Short communication:-Microbiology
Bindu D*, Illamani V, Chitralekha S, Kiran Madhusudhan, Praveena R.
Department of Microbiology, Sree Balaji Medical College & Hospital, Chromepet Chennai (Bharath University),Chennai,India.
Abstract:- Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common community acquired infection. Due to rising antibiotic resistance among uropathogens, especially in gram negative bacteria, it is important to have knowledge of antibiogram of these organisms. This study retrospectively analyses the antibiogram among the gram negative urine isolates during 7 months in patients with UTI. Out of 59 uropathogens, the common isolates were Escherichia coli 41 (69%), Klebsiella spp. 15(21%) and Pseudomonas spp. 3 (5%). The results have showed high level of susceptibility to aminoglycosides . More 40 isolates were resistant to cephalosporins, aztreonam, norfloxacin, nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin. This result shows high level of resistance to cephalosporins.
Keywords:- Urinary tract infection (UTI), Extended Spectrum β-Lactamases (ESBL), Antibiogram.
Case Report:- Ophthalmology
Lokesh H M1* and Bindurani M K2.
1MBBS,MS. Ophthalmology, Associate professor, Department of Ophthalmology,2MBBS,MD Anatomy, Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, Sri Siddhartha Medical College,Tumkur-572107, Karnataka State, India.
Abstract:- The Congenital lacrimal system anomalies other than nasolacrimal duct obstruction are uncommon. Hereditary lacrimal fistula is a rare developmental anomaly. We report three patients with congenital lacrimal fistulae in the same family. A female patient aged about 23 years presented with history of epiphora from both eyes since childhood. On examination small orifice was found on either side of the nose near the medial canthus of both the eyes. There was minimal mucopurulent discharge from the orifice. The lacrimal puncta were absent. There were no other ocular abnormalities except hypertelorism.The diagnosis was made as congenital bilateral lacrimal fistula. The two twin children of the patient also had same complaints. There was History of consanguinity. Karyotyping from peripheral blood of all the affected patients was done. The presence of lacrimal fistula is an indication for the search of systemic and ocular manifestations in affected patients.
Key words:- Hereditary, Hypertelorism, karyotype, Lacrimal fistula, ,manozygotic twins.