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Research article:-Pharmaceutical Sciences
Shinya RV, Jomy Jose and Padmaja.V*.
College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram – 695011, Kerala,India.
Abstract:- Naregamia alata ( W&A) ,a small branching undershrub, used to cure asthma, bronchitis, biliousness, and ulcers. This work covers studies on pharmacognostical and biotechnological studies on the leaves of Naregamia alata (W&A).Pharmacognostical studies were made on macroscopical characters and microscopical characters of leaves, microscopical features of powdered drug, ash values, extractive values, loss on drying, leaf constants, behaviour of crude drug powder with different chemical reagents and its fluorescence analysis. This will help for correct identification of the plant for the future references. Tissue culture studies showed that leaves of Naregamia alata (W&A) can be artificially cultured to plantlets in MS media supplemented with appropriate concentration of IAA and BAP. DNA barcoding studies showed that matK (785 bp), rbcL (553 bp) and ITS (722 bp) can be used as barcodes for the identification of Naregamia alata (W&A) from other species in Meliaceae family.
Key Words:- Naregamia alata, leaves, pharmacognostical and biotechnological studies, (785 bp), rbcL (553 bp), ITS (722 bp), DNA barcoding.
Cadaveric Study :-Anatomy
Ambali Manoj P 1 and Jadhav Surekha D 2*
1Professor, MS, Department of Anatomy, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences Deemed University (KIMSDU) Karad, Maharashtra, India, 415110.
2Associate Professor, MD, Department of Anatomy, P. D. V. V. P. Medical College, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India, 414003.
Abstract:- Background: Carotid arteries are main arterial trunks of the head and neck. They are important landmarks defining dissection plane during radical neck surgeries. Generally, these arteries divide at upper border of thyroid cartilage. This position can vary considerable. Variations in the bifurcation levels and branching pattern of common carotid arteries are important during neck surgeries, catheterization, for radiologist in image interpretation. Aim: Aim of present study was to see the point of bifurcation and branches arising from carotid arteries. Material and methods: Hundred adult cadavers (right: 100; left: 100) of unknown sex and age were studied. After careful dissection bifurcation levels and extra branches arising from carotid arteries were noted. Results: The bifurcation level of common carotid arteries were divided into three types: Type I: Normal- at the superior border of thyroid cartilage (57%); Type II: High- above the superior border of thyroid cartilage (42%); Type III: Low- below the superior border of thyroid cartilage (1%). Various branches given from carotid arteries were noted. Conclusion: Present study shows high incidence of higher bifurcating point than lower bifurcating point of common carotid arteries which is almost always associated with variation in branching pattern of these arteries. This knowledge may be useful for surgeons, radiologist and anatomist.
Key words:- Bifurcation level, Catheterization, Common carotid arteries, Thyroid cartilage, Variations.
Research article:-Pharmacology
Arul Amutha Elizabeth1*, Glory Josephine1,Inbaraj1, Farhana Rahman2 and Muniappan3.
1Associate Professor, 2Assistant Professor,3Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Sree Balaji Medical College,Chrompet,Chennai,India.
Abstract:- Background: The drugs which are used recently for pain and inflammation are either opiods or non-opioids. Even though these drugs give immediate relief, they produce side effects. Many medicinal plants have been used for a long time for these effects with no adverse effects. It is therefore essential to put efforts to develop new herbal drugs from plants. Plants still represent a large untapped source of structurally novel compounds that might serve as lead for the development of novel drugs. Vetiver is popularly known as Khas Khas grass in India. Vetiver has been known in India since ancient times. The objective of the study was to study the analgesic and anti-inflammatory action of vetiveria zizanioides. Materials and methods: Wistar rats and Swiss Albino mice were used for studying analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of ethanolic extract of vetiveria zizanioides, at doses of 50mg, 100mg and 200mg/kg body weight. Analgesia was studied in albino rats using formalin test and in albino mice using writhing test. Anti-inflammatory activity of the ethanolic extract of Vetiveria zizanioides was investigated by carrageenan- induced hind paw edema. Results: The ethanolic extract of vetiveria zizanioides, in all three doses, produced significant (p<0.01) dose-dependent inhibition of pain response elicited by acetic acid and formalin tests. In respect of anti-inflammatory activity, vetiveria zizanioides caused significant (P< 0.001) dose dependent inhibition of edema development in the carrgeenan induced inflammation. The effects of the ethanolic extract of vetiveria zizanioides were generally comparable to those of the standard drugs used. Conclusion: The findings in this study suggest that the ethanolic extract of vetiveria zizanioides possess analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities possibly mediated through central and peripheral mechanisms. These results justify the use of the extract for the treatment of painful and inflammatory conditions.
Key Words:- Vetiveria zizanioides, analgesic, anti-inflammatory.
Case report:-oral medicine and radiology
N.M. Praveena1*,Ponni Vijayavel2,Priya Ramani3 and Winnifred Christy4
1,2Senior Lecturer,3reader, Department of oral medicine and radiology, Thai Moogambikai Dental College and Hospital, Maduravoyal, Chennai, Tamil Nadu,India. 4Reader, C.S.I College of Dental Science, Madurai,Tamil Nadu,India.
Abstract:- Recurrent apthous stomatitis is a very common oral mucosal lesion which one encounters in general dental practice. The etiopathogenesis is varied and may represent a T-cell mediated immunological reaction. Recurrent apthous major is a variant which demonstrates ulcers of longer duration and severity and can be extremely painful to the patient. It requires considerable care and symptomatic treatment,to elevate the pain. This paper presents a case of recurrent apthous major which was medically managed and showed good response to treatment, with long term follow up.
Key words:- Recurrent apthous stomatitis, Chronic ulcer, Steroids.
Review article:-Orthodontics.
Soumya K.M1 , Aravind S Raju 2* ,Shabeer 1,Mahantesh3,Renji K Paul2.
1MDS, Senior Lecturer, Department of Orthodontics, Alazar Dental College, Kerala,India. 2MDS, Senior Lecturer, Department of Orthodontics, St.Gregorios Dental College, Kerala, India.
3MDS, Senior Lecturer, Department of Orthodontics, Ramaiah Dental College & Hospital, Karanataka,India.
Abstract: Human beings are normally nasal breathers. The nasal and oral cavities serve as pathways for respiratory airflow. Ordinarily, the inspiratory and expiratory airstreams are channeled through the nose because the mouth is usually closed. However, in some individuals, because of nasal airway inadequacy or habit, the oral cavity becomes the predominant route for the passage of respiratory airflow. This may affect the growth and development. This article reviews the anatomy, diagnosis, treatment and various aspects of upper airway and its importance in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment.
Key Words: Upper airway, diagnosis, orthodontic.