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Research article:- Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology
Manveen Kaur Jawanda1, RV Subramanyam2, Ahmed Mujib B.R.3, Ramesh B Hegde4 , Sampada Kanitker5, Rosy Gupta6 & Chetak Deep Chahal7 .
1Prof & Head, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, Luxmi Bai Institute of Dental Sciences & Hospital, Patiala, Punjab. India.
2Prof & Head, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Drs Sudha and Nageswara Rao Siddhartha Institute of Dental Sciences, Gannavaram, Andhra Pradesh. India.
3Prof & Head, Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Bapuji Dental College & Hospital, Davangere, Karnataka.India.
4Professor, Pramathana Dental care, Bangalore, Karnataka 5Prof. & Head, Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, D.Y. Patil Dental college, Sangli, Maharastra. India.
6Oral & Maxillofacial Surgeon, Deakins Mill Way, Egerton, Bolton, UK.
7Dental assistant, Inspire Dental southhall, Southhall, Middlesex, UK.
Abstract: -Objective: A study was conducted to examine biopsy reports of lesions, diagnosed as oral lichen planus, with the hope that a set of parameters could be defined which would be more pathognomonic in diagnosing oral lichen planus, despite the variability of its presentation. Methods & Materials: Fifty histologically diagnosed cases of oral lichen planus were reviewed and were further categorized as oral lichen planus, nonspecific lichenoid stomatitis and lichenoid dysplasia, using well established histological criteria. Results: This study reveals an “Over diagnosis” to the extent of 14% through the inclusion of nonspecific lichenoid stomatitis as well as other conditions, including dysplasia, under the diagnosis of oral lichen planus. So non-uniformity among various pathologists in following the histomorphologic parameters in order to render a diagnosis of oral lichen planus has resulted in significant “Over diagnosis” of oral lichen planus. Conclusions: Aside from the obvious diagnostic errors, such oversight can lead to mistaken impressions concerning the natural behavior of relatively benign process. Hence, an attempt is made for reappraisal of histopathological designation of the lesions that have a lichenoid character.
Keywords:- oral lichen planus, nonspecific lichenoid stomatitis, lichenoid dysplasia, nonspecific lichenoid stomatitis, premalignant lesions, precancerous lesions.
References:-
1.Eisenberg, E. Clinicopathologic patterns of oral lichenoid lesions. Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics of North America 1994; 6:445-463.
2.Eisenberg, E. & Krutchkoff, D.J. Lichenoid lesions of oral mucosa. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1992; 73:699-704.
3.Hedberg, N., Ng A., & Hunter, N. A semiquantitative assessment of histopathology of oral lichen planus 1986; 15:268-72.
4.Holmstrup, P. The controversy of a premalignant potential of oral lichen planus is over. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1992;73:704-6.
5.Kilpi, A., Rich, A.M., Reade, P.C., & Konttinem, Y.T. Studies of the inflammatory process & malignant potential of oral mucosal lichen planus. Aust Dent J 1996; 41:87-90.
6.Krutchkoff, D.J., Cutler, L., & Laskowski, S. Oral lichen planus: The evidence regarding potential malignant transformation. J Oral Pathol 1978; 7:1-7.
7.Krutchkoff, D.J., & Eisenberg, E. Lichenoid dysplasia: A distinct histopathological entity. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1985; 60, 308-15.
8.Odukoya, O., Gallagher, G., & Shkylar, G. A histologic study of epithelial dysplasia in oral lichen planus. Arch Dermatol 1985; 121:1132-6.
9.Scully, C., & El-Kom, M. Lichen planus: Review & update on pathogenesis. J Oral Pathol 1985; 4:431-58.
10.WHO collaboratory Reference centre for oral precancerous lesions. Definition of leukoplakia & related lesions: An aid to studies on oral precancer. Oral Surg 1978;46:517-39.
Original research article:-Surgery
YP Lamani 1*, S R Telkar1 & B V Goudar2
1Assistant Professor, 2Associate Professor, Department of Surgery, S N Medical College and HSK Hospital, Bagalkot ,Karnataka, India.
Abstract:-
The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of laparoscopic repair for perforated peptic ulcer. It is a better method of treating duodenal ulcer perforation when the patient's condition allows pneumoperitoneum and laparoscopy. The advantages of laparoscopic repair for perforated peptic ulcer include less pain, a short hospital stay, and an early return to normal activity. Laparoscopic technique is safe, feasible, and with less morbidity and mortality comparable to that of the conventional open technique. We performed simple closure of the perforation laparoscopically and compared the results with those obtained by open surgery.
Key words:- Duodenal perforation, Laparoscopic repair, Perforated peptic ulcer.
References:
1. Alagaratnam TT, Wong J. No decrease in duodenal ulcer surgery after cimetidine in Hong Kong. J Clin Gastroenterol 1988; 10: 25–7.
2. Kulber DA, Hartunian S, Schiller D, Morgenstern L. The current spectrum of peptic ulcer disease in the older age groups. Am Surg 1990; 56: 737.
3. Gilinsky NH. Peptic ulcer disease in the elderly. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 1990; 19: 255.
4. Agrez MV, Henry DA, Senthiselvan S, Duggan JM. Changing trends in perforated peptic ulcer during the past 45 years. Aust NZ J Surg 1992; 62: 729.
5. Svanes C, Salvesen H, Stangeland L, et al. Perforated peptic ulcer over 56 years: time trends in patients and disease characteristics. Gut 1993; 34: 1666.
6. Lanas A, Serrano P, Bajador E, et al. Evidence of aspirin use in both upper and lower gastrointestinal perforation. Gastroenterology. 1997;112:683–9.
Copyright © 2013 Lamani YP, Telka S R & Goudar B V. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article:-
Ummeh Khair Kulsum1, Niaz Uddin Mahmud2, Tapas Kanti Dey3, Talha Bin Emran3, and JoysreeDas3*.
1Department of Pharmacy, University of Science and Technology Chittagong, Bangladesh 2Department of Computer Science and Engineering, 3Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh.
Abstract: -
Aim: This study was aimed to evaluate the influences of interaction of Verapamil Hydrochloride with Zinc Sulphate on protein binding of drug in physiological pH and temperature. Materials and methods: The interaction between Verapamil Hydrochloride and Zinc Sulphate (anhydrous) has been studied in an aqueous system at a fixed temperature (37±0.5)0C and under pH 7.4 and 2.4 by a variety of physical method, to detect and confirm the nature of complexation of this drug with Zinc sulfate (anhydrous). The methods include- inspection of spectral behavior, Job’s method of continuous variation and Ardon’s straight line plots by spectrophotometer. The protein binding experiments of the free drugs as well as the combined systems were studied by equilibrium dialysis method. Results: From spectrophotometric study, it has been found that Verapamil Hydrochloride form 1:1 complex with Zinc Sulphate (anhydrous). Spectral studies helps to detect the initial complexation between drug and metal. Job’s plot at 7.4 and 2.4 provides same type of information. The Ardon’s spectrophotometric method confirmed the 1:1 complexation and the value of stability constants was calculated using Ardon’s plot. The Scatchard plots were prepared to reveal the number of binding sites and the affinity for protein binding. It has been found that interaction of the drug with Zinc Sulphate (anhydrous) results into increasing the affinity and increasing the protein binding of Verapamil Hydrochloride. Conclusion: The results show that Zinc sulphate (anhydrous) increases the percentage of protein binding of Verapamil hydrochloride at saturation zone. Key words:- Ardon’s method, Equilibrium dialysis, Protein binding, Scatchard plot, Verapamil Hydrochloride, Zinc Sulphate (anhydrous).
References:-
1.Bertram G. Katzung. Basic amnd Clinical Pharmacology. 7th Edition. Appleton & Lange. (1997) 165.
2.Kragh-Hanse U. Molecular aspects of ligand binding to serum albumin. Pharmacia Review 1981; 33: 17-53.
3.Jusko WJ. In the effects of disease states on Drug Pharmacokinetics. (L.Z. Benet, ed.), 1976; P. 99, American Pharmaceutical Association.
4.Wilkinson GR. Molecular aspects of ligand binding. Drug Metal Rev 1983; 14: 427.
5.Peters T. Advances in protein chemistry. Jr. Serum Albumin 1985; 37: 161-245.
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8.Donald E. Cadwallader. Biopharmaceutics and Drug Interactions. 3 Sub Edition. Raven Pr. (1983) 107-143.
9.Vogel AI. Textbook of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis. 4th Edition. Longman (1978).
10.Ardon M.. Oxidation of ethanol by ceric perchlorate. Oxidation of ethanol by ceric perchlorate (1957).
11.Singlass E. Protein binding of drugs, 2nd edition. F. Hoffman La Roche & Co. Ltd., Basle, Switzerland. (1987) 17-32.
12.Geisow MJ, Beaven GH. Large fragments of human serum albumin. Biochem J 1977; 161: 619-25. 13.Goldstein A, Aronow L, Kalman SM. Principle of drug action-the basis of pharmacology, 2nd edition, John wily and sons, New York. (1974) 47-52.
14.Scatchard G. The attractions of proteins for small molecules and ions. Ann NY Acad Sci 1949; 660-73.
15.Hossain MA, Momen AZMR. Protein binding of theophylline in presence of cobalt. J Bangladesh Chem Soc 1994; 7 (1): 93-103.
16.Hansten PD, Horn JR. Drug interactions clinical significance of drug-drug interactions, 6th edition, Philadelphia. (1989) 22-23.
Copyright © 2013 Das Joysree et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article:- Pharmacology
M.Muniappan*
*Department of Pharmacology, Sree Balaji Medical College & Hospital (Deemed University), Chrompet, Chennai – 600044, India.
Abstract: The extracts of Bambusa arundinacea have been used in Indian folk medicine in ptosis and paralytic complaints. Ptosis is one of the symptoms of myasthenia gravis, which is an autoimmune disease. The immunosuppressant effect of Methanol extract of the leaves of Bambusa arundinacea on relative weights of Thymus, Lymphnodes and Spleen and also on gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (γGT) activity have been studied in male albino rats and found to be significant when compared to the standard drug.
Key words: Immunosuppressant, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, ptosis, autoimmune disease.
References:
1.Kirtikar K.R & .Basu. B.D. Indian Medicinal plats. II edition. Paras publication ,Calcutta, 1990.Vol IV, p-2724-2727.
2.Oscar Prof Dr. Aman. Medicinal secrets of your food. Paras publication ,Calcutta,1985, p-320-325
3.Muniappan. M, Sundararaj. T. Anti-inflammatory and antiulcer activities of Bambusa arundinacea. Journal of Ethno pharmacology. 2003; 88: 161-7.
4.R.Raghubir, S.Gupta and A.K.Srivastava. Evaluation of immunomodulatory effect of enkephalin analogs, using gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (Vgt) activity in lymphoid tissues .Ind.J .Pharmacology. 1991;23 (1): 43-44.
Copyright © 2013 Muniappan M., This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article:-Prosthodontics and Dental Materials
Kapoor Vikram1*,C. Nisha1,Kumar Narendra2 & Singh Kunwarjeet3
1Senior lecturer,2Professor and Head,3Reader Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Materials, Institute of Dental Studies and Technologies, Modinagar, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Abstract: Background & Objectives: Fixed Prosthodontics is one of the most commonly practiced treatment modality throughout World. With the advent of latest advancements in the field of Fixed Prosthodontics, failure rate have also increased. A poor marginal integrity accounts for most of these failures. This study was undertaken to determine the comparative accuracy of six different probes in evaluating marginal gap and to check the influence of vision on evaluation of marginal discrepancies in restorations. Method: Thirty evaluators post graduate students from Bapuji Dental College and Hospital, Davangere were chosen at random. Two stainless steel plates were made. Grooves of known dimensions ranging from 35um - 165um were machined onto the surface. In order to avoid conditioning bias, on one plate the grooves were arranged in a random order. The evaluators were asked to indicate the presence of the grooves present on the plates through probing in direct vision and indirect vision (by using a barrier). Statistical Analysis: The statistical analysis was carried out using the Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS), Repeated Measures of ANOVA (f), Intraclass Correlation Co-efficient (ICC) and Karl Pearson’s Correlation Co-efficient (r). Results and Conclusion: The results showed that probe with the least tip diameter is the most accurate in identification of marginal discrepancy and that the bluntest probe is the least accurate. The results also indicated that there was no significant difference in evaluating marginal gap under direct vision or indirect vision, although, evaluation under direct vision was better. Key words: Marginal integrity; probes; vision.
References:
1.Bronson Michael R., Lindquist Terry J. and Dawson Deborah V.: Clinical Acceptability of Crown Margins Versus Marginal Gaps as Determined by Pre-Doctoral Students and Prosthodontists. J. Prosthodont. 2005; 14: 226-32.
2.Jahangiri leila et al. Assessment of sensitivity and specificity of clinical evaluation of cast restoration marginal accuracy compared to stereomicroscopy. J. Prosthet. Dent. 2005; 93: 138-42.
3.Jacobs Michael S. and Windeler Stewart A.: An investigation of dental luting cement solubility as function of the marginal gap. J. Prosthet. Dent. 1991; 65: 436-42.
4.Walton Joanne N., Gardner Michael F. and Agar John R.: A survey of crown and fixed partial denture failures: Length of service and reasons for replacement. J. Prosthet. Dent. 1986; 56: 416-21.
5.Hayashi M. et al. Influence of Vision on the Evaluation of Marginal Discrepancies in Restorations. Operative Dentistry. 2005; 30: 598-601.
6.B’aldissara P., Baldissara S. and Scotti R.: Reliability of tactile perception using sharp and dull explorers in marginal opening identification. Int. J. Prosthodont. 1998; 11 : 591-4. 7.Christensen G.J.: Marginal fit of gold inlay castings. J. Prosthet. Dent. 1966; 16: 297-306. 8.Byrne G.: Influence of finish line form on crown cementation. Int. J. Prosthodont 1992; 5 :137-44.
9.Hunter A.J. and Hunter A.R.: Gingival margins for crowns: A review and discussion. Part II: Discrepancies and configurations. J. Prosthet Dent.1990; 64: 636-42.
10.Dedmon H.W.: Disparity in expert opinions on size of acceptable margin openings. Operative dentistry; 1982, 7: 97-101.
11.Rappold A.P., Ripps A.H and Ireland E.J : Sharpness as related to margin evaluations. Operative dentistry. 1992; 17: 2-6.
Copyright © 2013 Kapoor Vikram. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.