DocumentsDate added
Research article:-
Tewthanom K1*,Chaiwirattana N2, Saelim W2, Saisunee S2, Aphichartphunkawee S2, Patcharawanich N1 and Jetiyanuwat C3.
1Department of Pharmacy, 2Graduated pharmacist ,Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand.
3Division of pharmacy, Thamaung hospital Kanchanaburi, 71110 Thailand.
Abstract:- Purpose: The medication error is crucial problem, which is happened in every step of Hospital service. "Medication reconciliation process" of Healthcare Accreditation Institute is the policy that a hospital should receive completed patients' medication information before get hospitalization. In Thailand, hypertension is the most prevalence of chronic disease, and has multiple drug use. Consideration of the important of this process, prospective study was performed. Its objective was to study the medication discrepacies which was happened at the physicians' admission medication orders of hypertensive patients at Thamuang Hopital Kanchanaburi, Thailand during July- August, 2009. Methods: In this study, 34 patients were included by inclusion and exclusion criteria. Computer data based and the interview were performed to complete patients’medication profiles before and during admission. The medication discrepancies were determined. Results: The results found that, inappropriate medication discrepancies is 3.15% that classify to omission error 57.14%, commission error 28.57% and difference dose, route or frequency 14.28%. Conclusion: Although, the inappropriate error is the small group of whole error, but it can be a cause of death. Therefore, it should be develop a medication reconciliation process in the community hospital setting to solve the problem. The pharmacist will play the important role to solve the problem to minimize the medication error and maximize the patients' safety.
Key words:- Medication discrepancies, Hypertensive medication, Hospital admission.
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Gardner, B, Graner K. Pharmacists' medication reconciliation-related clinical interventions in a children's hospital. Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf. 2009;35(5): 278-82.
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Copyright © 2013 Tewthanom K et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Review article:-Pharmacology
Vasantha M N, S Kannan, Ayesha Sulthana, Nidhi Tyagi & Manoj G Tyagi*
Department of Pharmacology, Christian Medical College, Vellore 632002, India
Abstract:-
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) enzymes modify the acetylation status of histone proteins and other critical cellular proteins and are recognized as potentially useful therapeutic targets for a broad range of human disorders. Pharmacological interventions using small-molecule HDAC inhibitors may restore transcriptional balance to neurons, modulate cytoskeletal function, and affect immune responses and enhance protein degradation pathways. These have been found to beneficial in various experimental models of disease. In this review article we elaborate on the mechanism of HDAC enzymes in modifying various disease states and reflect on some new prototype drugs introduced for the treatment of some clinical manifestations.
Key words:- HDAC, enzymes, DNA, cell cycle, acetyl transferases, T cells.
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Copyright © 2013 Tyagi et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article:-Pharmacology
Gopal Sharma1* & Tarun Vijayvergiya2
1Associate Professor, Department of Anatomy, 2Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Jhalawar Medical college, Jhalawar,Rajasthan,India.
Abstract:- The nature and degree of sexual differentiation in the pelvis has long been of interest to anatomists and anthropologist. It is of practical importance to obstetricians and to those who would identify skeletal remains. The need for accurate identification of human skeletal remains has become more urgent in recent years. Because escalating crime rates have become a worldwide phenomenon, new and more accurate means of determining the age, sex and race are needed. Two hundred adult hip bones(100 males and 100 females) of known sex were obtained at random from the skeletal collection of Department of Anatomy Measurements were taken with the help of Vernier Caliper, and divider. In this study six parameters were considered including three old parameters and three new parameters. For every parameter, the mean and standard deviation (S.D) was calculated and the range noted. Demarking points were worked out from calculated ranges, i.e. mean + 3 S.D.(Singh and Potturi). The percentage of the bones identified by each demarking point in both sexes was estimated from this material. The observations were recorded. The values obtained for various parameters were compared. it is concluded that among the older criteria greater sciatic notch width was found to be the most accurate criteria by which sex could be accurately assigned to 24 right male and 22% of right female and 24% left male and 28% left female hip bone. Acetabuler diameter was found to be next best criteria by which 20% right male and 20 right female and 22% of left male and 24% of left female hip bone could be sexed accurately. Among newer criteria true pelvic height was found be the most accurate criteria by which sex could be accurately assigned to 18% right male and 16% right female and 14% left male and 12% left female bones. The present study is done to evaluate the criteria’s of sex determination from hip bone already set by Anatomist, to find out some newer criteria and to establish a more suitable combination of criterias which average researcher who may not be an anatomist should be able to use to obtain accurate results. An effort has been made to find out most dependable criteria.
Key words:- Sexual differentiation, bones, demarking points.
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Research article:- Microbiology
Illamani V, Raveendran SR, Chitralekha S and Menezes GA*
Department of Microbiology, Sree Balaji Medical College & Hospital Chromepet, Chennai, India (Bharath University).
Abstract:- Background: Extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing organisms lead to various life threatening infections and its prevalence is more common in diabetic patients. The objectives of the study were to study the incidence of ESBL producing organisms in diabetic patients with urinary tract infection (UTI); and to know the common species of ESBL producers in diabetic patients with recurrent UTI. Materials & Methods: A total of 164 patients from both sexes in age group between 30 to 70 years attending diabetic outpatient department (OPD) without any complications, and having symptoms of UTI for more than a week. The study was conducted during June 2011 to June 2012. Results & Discussion: A total of 81 isolates were obtained from these patients. Of these, 19 organisms (11.6% of the total isolates) were found to be ESBL producers; the commonest were Escherichia coli, i.e., 11 isolates (25.6% of total isolates) and Klebsiella pneumoniae, i.e., 4 isolates (20.0% of total isolates). Among these, ESBL producers were found most commonly in patients with recurrent UTI (89.5%). Out of 164 diabetic patients with UTI, 19 patients had ESBL positives organisms in their urine culture. Of which 17 had positive history of recurrent UTI. The present study mainly focuses on the prevalence of ESBL producers among the diabetics with UTI since both diabetes and recurrent UTI is a risk factor for ESBL production. Conclusion: The study shows a strong association of recurrent UTI among patients infected with ESBL producing organisms.
Keywords:- Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL), Diabetic patients, Urinary tract infection (UTI).
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Original article:-
A. J. Manjula Devi1 and S.Birundha2*
1Head of the Department & Professor, 2*Post Graduate, Department of Biochemistry, Sree Balaji Medical College, Chennai, India.
Abstract:- Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder. Microalbuminuria is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with DM. It is characterized by increased prevalence of arterial hypertension, proliferative retinopathy, and peripheral neuropathy. The present study was undertaken to determine the incidence of Microalbuminuria (Albumin/creatinine ratio) in type 2 diabetic patients. Materials & Methods: 25 patients with diagnosed diabetic subjects were selected for the study. Blood samples were collected for the estimation of FBS (Fasting Blood Sample), serum creatinine and 2 hours post meal for PPBS (Post Prandial Blood Sample). Urine samples were collected in sterilised containers.25 healthy age and sex matched control subjects were chosen. Results: Significant increase in the levels of urine microalbumin was observed in type 2 diabetes compared to healthy controls. Conclusion: Microalbuminuria is the diagnostic marker of nephropathy in diabetes mellitus and is an indicator of microvascular damage affecting renal functions. This study emphasizes the importance of microalbuminuria as an early marker of microvascular morbidity involved in type 2 diabetes and helps in better handling of this pandemic disease, diabetes mellitus. Key words:- Diabetes Mellitus (DM), Microalbuminuria, Diabetic nephropathy.
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