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Research article:- Pharmacology and Toxicology
Lucky L. Nwidu 1*, Victor O. Adika2, Baribefe Bagbi3 and Nwolu Okerewa4.
1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy; 2Faculty of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. 3Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Port Harcourt, Choba,-Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.
4Pharmacy Department, Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation, Abuja Nigeria.
Abstract:- This study evaluate the progress of Primary Health Care with respect to MDGs 4, 5, and 6 from 2009 to 2010 in Obio/Akpor LGA Rivers State, Nigeria and to infer whether 2015 target date for its realization is feasible or not. The Primary Health Care Monthly Report database collated quarterly relating to activities geared towards achieving MDGs 4, 5, and 6 in the Primary Health Care Units of Obio Akpor LGA was consulted, data collected and collated to evaluate progress, performance and achievement for the period 2009 – 2010. The results showed an increase in immunization coverage for BCG, DPT and Measles by 132, 88 and 102% in 2009 and 115, 68 and 76% in 2010. Vitamin A coverage increased by 329 and 788% for 2009 and 2010 respectively. Acute Flaccid Paralysis and Neonatal Tetanus reported a decrease from 9 to 5, and 5 to 3 respectively for 2009 and 2010. Deliveries by skilled birth attendants increased from 82 in 2009 to 559 in 2010, likewise new antenatal registration increased from 546 to 2,396 for the same period. Proportion of 4 or more antenatal visits rose by 182.37% and 216.66% for the same period. New antenatal attendance was 24% and 33% for 2009 and 2010, while facilities attendance dropped from 64.76% to 59.27%. Similarly, 7.16% and 9.48% males tested HIV positive against 14.08% and 10.29% positive females for 2009 and 2010. Out of 610 and 475 reported TB cases for 2009 and 2010, 44.92% and 73.89% were respectively smear positive. TB cure rate decreased from 50.79% in 2009 to 23.67% in 2010. The mortality rate from TB increased from 0% to 5.56% and retreatment failure from 0% to 3.67% in the same period. Malaria treated decreased from 12,476 in 2009 to 10,406 in 2010. The quantity of ACT issued to patients increased from 2,332 in 2009 to 5,876 in 2010. Considerable progress has been recorded towards the achievement of the target for MDGs 4, 5 and 6 in Obio/Akpor LGA Rivers State, Nigeria. However, the realization of set goals by the target year of 2015 may not be feasible except there is increased political commitment, recruitment of more health personnel, staff motivation and behavior change to imbibed doctrines of the health professionals.
Key words:- Primary Health Care; Millennium Development Goals 4, 5 and 6; ObioAkpor LGA, Nigeria.
References:-
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Competent interest:- The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Source of funding: - None.
Copyright © 2013 Nwidu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article:-Microbiology
Chitralekha S., Dinesh K., Illamani V., Praveena R., Menezes GA*
Assistant Professor & Scientist Microbiology & Central Research Laboratory Department of Microbiology, Sree Balaji Medical College & Hospital(Bharath University) Chromepet, Chennai, India
Abstract:- Background: Diabetes mellitus is the most common endocrine disorder and takes on pandemic proportions. Dermatophytosis remains a significant public health problem. The objective of the study was to study the prevalence of Trichophyton rubrum infection among diabetic and non- diabetic patients. Materials and methods: It is a cross sectional study conducted during July 2011 to July 2012. All clinically diagnosed cases of dermatophytoses attending the Dermatology OPD of were included in the study. Among those 40 diabetic and 40 non diabetic Patients were included. Clinical materials were collected from the patients suffering from various types of dermatophytoses and processed according to standard protocols. Result: Among the eighty samples 32 samples showed positive for Trichophyton rubrum in both direct microscopy and culture (40%) from both diabetic and non-diabetic population. Among the diabetic patients 18 were positive for T. rubrum (56.2%) which includes 10 male patients (31.2%) and 8 female patients (25%). In non-diabetic patients 14 patients were positive for T. rubrum (43.7%) which includes 9 male (28.1%) and 5 female patients (15.6%). Conclusion: The percentage of Trichophyton rubrum isolated from diabetic patients (56.2%) is higher when compared to non-diabetic patients (43.7%) in our hospital in Chennai.
Keywords:- Trichophyton rubrum, Diabetic patients, Non-diabetic patients.
References:-
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8.A Study of prevalence of dermatophytes in north Chennai and a profile of their antifungal susceptibility pattern by Suganthi 2006.
9.Chuku Aleruchi, Makinde Adesoji A, Ta’ama Louisa, Dalis James, Shaibu Samson J and Irokanulo et al Afr. J. Cln. Exper. Microbiol 2012 13(2): 84-9.
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Research article:-Microbiology
Chitralekha S., Lakshmipriya R., Illamani V., Kiran M., Menezes GA*
Department of microbiology, Sree Balaji Medical College & Hospital, Chromepet, (Bharath University), Chennai, India.
Abstract:- Background: Asymptomatic bacteriuria during pregnancy (ASB) has been proved to have serious effects on the outcome of pregnancy. Early diagnosis and treatment of ASB helps in reducing the complications and improves the outcome of pregnancy. Objective: To study the commonest aerobic bacterial organism causing ASB among antenatal mothers in our center. Materials and methods: This is a cross sectional study done between July 2011 and July 2012. The sample size was 125 subjects. After getting informed consent from the individual, clean catch mid-stream urine was obtained. The samples were processed in central microbiology laboratory using standard microbiological methods. Results: Out of 125 pregnant women screened 14 (11.2%) subjects had ASB. Escherichia coli (35.7%) was the commonest organism isolated, followed by Klebsiella pneumonia (21.4%). The other bacterial organisms responsible were Staphylococcus aureus (14.3%), Coagulase negative Staphylococcus (14.3%), Proteus mirabilis (7.1%), Enterococcus spp. (7.1%). Conclusion: The prevalence of ASB among the pregnant women was statistically significant. Screening of all pregnant women for ASB at least once, most preferably during 16th week must be made mandatory, which will help in bringing down complications of urinary tract infections during pregnancy.
Keywords:- Asymptomatic bacteriuria, Second trimester, Pregnancy.
References:-
1.Meher Rizvi, Fatima Khan, Indu Shukla, Abida Malik, and Shaheen. Rising Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Urinary Tract Infections During Pregnancy: Necessity for Exploring Newer Treatment Options. J Lab Physicians. 2011 Jul-Dec; 3(2): 98–103. 2.M.S.Najar, C.L.Saldanha, K.A.Banday. Approach to urinary tract infections, Indian Journal Of Nephrology. 2009;19(4):129-139.
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8.Jayalakshmi J, Jayaram. VS., Evaluation of various screening tests to detect asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women. Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology 2008; 51 (3) 379-81.
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Research article:-Anaesthesia
Hari Kumar S1*, Saravanan D1, Ranganathan S1 & Sumathi K2.
1Department of Anaesthesia, 2Department of Biochemistry. Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chromepet, Chennai (Bharath University),India.
Abstract:- Background: One of the most common complications of general anaesthesia is sore throat. The reported incidence varies widely, 0-22% in non-intubated patients and 6-100% in intubated patients according to various studies.We evaluate various factors including age ,sex ,BMI ,surgery ,airway device used ,ASA status ,Airway difficulty,intubation attempts , patient position and coughing during emergence from anaesthesia and their association in causing post-operative sore throat. Material & Methods: We conducted this study over 4 months in all patients undergoing general anaesthesia in our hospital. Results: We found a significant association between occurrence of sore throat and old age ,use of endotracheal tube for airway control ,multiple intubation attempts ,use of Sellicks maneuver ,extended head position and coughing during emergence from general anaesthesia(p<0.05). Conclusion: On the basis of our study we suggest that good airway skills, avoidance of lighter anaesthetic planes,regular post-operative follow ups ,proper reporting , training and quality improvement is essential to minimize this minor yet highly bothersome complication after general anaesthesia.
Keywords:-General Anaesthesia, post-operative sore throat, sellicks maneuver, endotracheal tube, Laryngeal mask airway, face mask.
References:-
1. Anil Agarwal, Nath SS, Debolina Goswami, Devendra Gupta, Sanjay Dhiraaj, Prabhat K Singh. An evaluation of the efficacy of aspirin and benzydamine hydrochloride gargle for attenuating post-operative sore throat: a prospective, randomized, single-blind study. Anesth Analg 2006; 103: 1001-3.
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An informed View:-Periodontology
K.David1, Shetty Neetha J2* & Pralhad Swati3
1Reader, 2Associate professor,3Assistant professor, Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal University,India.
Abstract:- Wounds in the oral cavity feature extremely good self-healing characteristics. However, some situations require the isolation of the oral wound from the oral milieu. These indications range from extractions to flap surgery and coverage of sutured wound borders. The American Academy of Periodontology in 1986 advocated the term periodontal dressing and defined it as a surgical dressing applied over and protecting the surgical wounds produced by periodontal surgical procedures. There are certain situations where the use of periodontal dressings may be advantageous. Based on current evidence, the use of periodontal dressing following surgery maybe a matter of individual preference related to the discretion and judgment of the clinician.
Key words:- Cyanoacrylates, periodontal dressing, zinc oxide non eugenol dressing.
References:-
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