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Research article:-
Ummeh Khair Kulsum1, Niaz Uddin Mahmud2, Tapas Kanti Dey3, Talha Bin Emran3, and JoysreeDas3*.
1Department of Pharmacy, University of Science and Technology Chittagong, Bangladesh 2Department of Computer Science and Engineering, 3Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh.
Abstract: -
Aim: This study was aimed to evaluate the influences of interaction of Verapamil Hydrochloride with Zinc Sulphate on protein binding of drug in physiological pH and temperature. Materials and methods: The interaction between Verapamil Hydrochloride and Zinc Sulphate (anhydrous) has been studied in an aqueous system at a fixed temperature (37±0.5)0C and under pH 7.4 and 2.4 by a variety of physical method, to detect and confirm the nature of complexation of this drug with Zinc sulfate (anhydrous). The methods include- inspection of spectral behavior, Job’s method of continuous variation and Ardon’s straight line plots by spectrophotometer. The protein binding experiments of the free drugs as well as the combined systems were studied by equilibrium dialysis method. Results: From spectrophotometric study, it has been found that Verapamil Hydrochloride form 1:1 complex with Zinc Sulphate (anhydrous). Spectral studies helps to detect the initial complexation between drug and metal. Job’s plot at 7.4 and 2.4 provides same type of information. The Ardon’s spectrophotometric method confirmed the 1:1 complexation and the value of stability constants was calculated using Ardon’s plot. The Scatchard plots were prepared to reveal the number of binding sites and the affinity for protein binding. It has been found that interaction of the drug with Zinc Sulphate (anhydrous) results into increasing the affinity and increasing the protein binding of Verapamil Hydrochloride. Conclusion: The results show that Zinc sulphate (anhydrous) increases the percentage of protein binding of Verapamil hydrochloride at saturation zone. Key words:- Ardon’s method, Equilibrium dialysis, Protein binding, Scatchard plot, Verapamil Hydrochloride, Zinc Sulphate (anhydrous).
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Copyright © 2013 Das Joysree et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article:-Physiology
Ashish Goel1*, Desh Deepak2, Kranthi Kumar G3, Sanjay Kumar Jha4 & Tripura Lakshmi J5.
1Assistant Professor, 3Demonstrator, Department of Physiology, SRMS Institute of Medical Sciences, Bareilly, UP, India.
2Professor, Department of Physiology, VCSG Government Medical Sciences and Research Institute, Srinagar, Uttarakhand, India.
4Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Haldwani, Nainital, Uttarakhand,India.
5Demonstrator, Department of Physiology, Karpagam Faculty of Medical Sciences & Research, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
Abstract: Objective: The chronic exposure at high altitude represents an ideal model for evaluating the effects of hypobaric hypoxia. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of chronic hypoxia on immune response. Material and methods: In this study 300 healthy adults (150 of plains and 150 of high altitude) were taken. The white blood cell parameters were evaluated by blood samples using MS-9 automated hematology cell counter. Observations and results: The total white blood cell count of high altitude individuals were significantly higher as compared to people residing in plains. The monocyte count was significantly higher as compared to people residing in plains. There was a statistically significant difference in total leukocyte count between males of plains and high altitude, while the difference was not statistically significant between females of plains and high altitude respectively which indicated that haemopoietic response to altitude is markedly less in women than that usually observed in men. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the chronic altitude exposure might activate the immune response, which is indicated by high WBC count in the permanent residents of high altitude.
Key words:- High altitude, Chronic hypoxia, White blood cell count, Immune response.
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Copyright © 2013 Goel Ashish et al., This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article:-Pharmacology
M.Muniappan*
*Department of Pharmacology, Sree Balaji Medical College & Hospital (Deemed University), Chrompet, Chennai 600044, India.
Abstract: The extracts of Bambusa arundinacea have been used in folk medicine in bronchitis and asthma[1&2]. The anti-hypersensitivity action of methanol extract of Bambusa arundinacea have been studied on mast cell degranulation in albino rats, and found to be significant when compared to control and standard drug. Key words: anti-hypersensitivity, bronchitis, degranulation.
Key Words: Bambusa arundinacea, Methanol extracts, flavanoids.
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Copyright © 2013 Muniappan M., This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Review article:-Pharmacology
Vasantha M N, S Kannan, Ayesha Sulthana, Nidhi Tyagi & Manoj G Tyagi*
Department of Pharmacology, Christian Medical College, Vellore 632002, India
Abstract:-
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) enzymes modify the acetylation status of histone proteins and other critical cellular proteins and are recognized as potentially useful therapeutic targets for a broad range of human disorders. Pharmacological interventions using small-molecule HDAC inhibitors may restore transcriptional balance to neurons, modulate cytoskeletal function, and affect immune responses and enhance protein degradation pathways. These have been found to beneficial in various experimental models of disease. In this review article we elaborate on the mechanism of HDAC enzymes in modifying various disease states and reflect on some new prototype drugs introduced for the treatment of some clinical manifestations.
Key words:- HDAC, enzymes, DNA, cell cycle, acetyl transferases, T cells.
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Copyright © 2013 Tyagi et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article:-Forensic Medicine and Toxicology
Shankar M Bakkannavar, MD DCL1, YP Raghavendra Babu, MD2*, Ashwinikumar, MD3, Vinod C Nayak, MD4, Manjunath S, MD DCL5, Pradeep Kumar G, MD, Dip. Cr.L6.
1Assistant Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, India.
2Associate Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, India, 3 Assistant Professor, 4,5 Associate Professor, 6 Professor & Head, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, India.
Abstract:- Subendocardial haemorrhage (SEH) is an atypical feature in many forensic autopsies, especially in victims of severe trauma. These haemorrhages are not only accompanied with blood loss due to trauma but also seen in non traumatic conditions such as poisoning and following transfusion of infected blood. In this retrospective study, we have analysed 1778 autopsy cases and investigated for the incidence of subendocardial haemorrhages in relation to their causes.
Key words:-Subendocardial haemorrhage; heart; autopsy; incidence.
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