DocumentsDate added
Research article:-Microbiology
Chitralekha S., Lakshmipriya R., Illamani V., Kiran M., Menezes GA*
Department of microbiology, Sree Balaji Medical College & Hospital, Chromepet, (Bharath University), Chennai, India.
Abstract:- Background: Asymptomatic bacteriuria during pregnancy (ASB) has been proved to have serious effects on the outcome of pregnancy. Early diagnosis and treatment of ASB helps in reducing the complications and improves the outcome of pregnancy. Objective: To study the commonest aerobic bacterial organism causing ASB among antenatal mothers in our center. Materials and methods: This is a cross sectional study done between July 2011 and July 2012. The sample size was 125 subjects. After getting informed consent from the individual, clean catch mid-stream urine was obtained. The samples were processed in central microbiology laboratory using standard microbiological methods. Results: Out of 125 pregnant women screened 14 (11.2%) subjects had ASB. Escherichia coli (35.7%) was the commonest organism isolated, followed by Klebsiella pneumonia (21.4%). The other bacterial organisms responsible were Staphylococcus aureus (14.3%), Coagulase negative Staphylococcus (14.3%), Proteus mirabilis (7.1%), Enterococcus spp. (7.1%). Conclusion: The prevalence of ASB among the pregnant women was statistically significant. Screening of all pregnant women for ASB at least once, most preferably during 16th week must be made mandatory, which will help in bringing down complications of urinary tract infections during pregnancy.
Keywords:- Asymptomatic bacteriuria, Second trimester, Pregnancy.
References:-
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Case report:-Biochemistry
*Renu Nagar
*Department of Biochemistry, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College, Tanda, Kangra, Himanchal Pradesh India.
Abstract:- A previously euthyroid, 55 years old malnourished woman admitted for elective surgery for multiple renal stones was found to have low T3 (60 ng/dl), low T4 (1.76 µg/dl), low TSH (0.144 mIU/ml) and moderately increased anti-TPO antibodies (179.0 IU/ml). Patient was clinically euthyroid, had no history of Thyroid illness, nor any symptoms or signs of Pituitary or Hypothalamic disorder. Thyroid biopsy showed degenerative changes. It was decided to defer her surgery till normalization of Thyroid profile. She was discharged from hospital with Thyroid hormone replacement. The patient’s T3 and T4 improved with Thyroxine, but TSH dropped further. Keywords:- Euthyroid sick syndrome; Non thyroidal illness; Renal stones, Pre operative; Stress; T3, T4,ESS, NIT, anti-TPO.
References:-
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Copyright © 2013 Nagar Renu. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article:- Microbiology
Illamani V, Raveendran SR, Chitralekha S and Menezes GA*
Department of Microbiology, Sree Balaji Medical College & Hospital Chromepet, Chennai, India (Bharath University).
Abstract:- Background: Extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing organisms lead to various life threatening infections and its prevalence is more common in diabetic patients. The objectives of the study were to study the incidence of ESBL producing organisms in diabetic patients with urinary tract infection (UTI); and to know the common species of ESBL producers in diabetic patients with recurrent UTI. Materials & Methods: A total of 164 patients from both sexes in age group between 30 to 70 years attending diabetic outpatient department (OPD) without any complications, and having symptoms of UTI for more than a week. The study was conducted during June 2011 to June 2012. Results & Discussion: A total of 81 isolates were obtained from these patients. Of these, 19 organisms (11.6% of the total isolates) were found to be ESBL producers; the commonest were Escherichia coli, i.e., 11 isolates (25.6% of total isolates) and Klebsiella pneumoniae, i.e., 4 isolates (20.0% of total isolates). Among these, ESBL producers were found most commonly in patients with recurrent UTI (89.5%). Out of 164 diabetic patients with UTI, 19 patients had ESBL positives organisms in their urine culture. Of which 17 had positive history of recurrent UTI. The present study mainly focuses on the prevalence of ESBL producers among the diabetics with UTI since both diabetes and recurrent UTI is a risk factor for ESBL production. Conclusion: The study shows a strong association of recurrent UTI among patients infected with ESBL producing organisms.
Keywords:- Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL), Diabetic patients, Urinary tract infection (UTI).
References:-
1.KPP Abilash, Balaji Veeraraghavan, OC Abraham. Epidemiology and outcome of bacteremia caused by Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. in a Tertiary care teaching Hospital in South India”- The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India 12/2010; 58 Suppl:13-7.
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Research article:-Engg. Chemistry and Post Graduate Chemistry
M. Suneetha1 and K. Ravindhranath2*
Department of Engg. Chemistry and Post Graduate Chemistry, Bapatla Engineering College, BAPATLA-422101, Guntur Dt., Andhra Pradesh, India.
Abstract:- Ashes of leaves of Azadiracta Indica, Phyllanthus Neruri, Annona Squamosa, Moringa Tinctoria, Tridox Procumbens and Calotropis Zygantia have been probed for their sorption abilities towards Nitrates using simulated polluted waters. At low pH values, these sorbents are found to be effective. The physicochemical parameters such as pH, time of equilibration and sorbent concentrations are optimized for the maximum removal of Nitrates. Methodologies have been developed for the extraction of good quantities of Nitrates. More than 90% removal of Nitrate has been found to be possible with simulated waters at optimum conditions of extractions. Fivefold excess of cations like Ca2+, Cu2+, Zn2+ and Mg2+ are synergistically increasing the extraction, while Sulphates is interfering markedly but other anions: Carbonates, Chlorides, Fluorides and Phosphates are marginally interfering. The procedures developed are successfully applied for the polluted lake water samples.
Key words:- Nitrates; pollution control; bio-adsorbents; applications.
Research article:- Pharmacology and Toxicology
Lucky L. Nwidu 1*, Victor O. Adika2, Baribefe Bagbi3 and Nwolu Okerewa4.
1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy; 2Faculty of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. 3Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Port Harcourt, Choba,-Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.
4Pharmacy Department, Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation, Abuja Nigeria.
Abstract:- This study evaluate the progress of Primary Health Care with respect to MDGs 4, 5, and 6 from 2009 to 2010 in Obio/Akpor LGA Rivers State, Nigeria and to infer whether 2015 target date for its realization is feasible or not. The Primary Health Care Monthly Report database collated quarterly relating to activities geared towards achieving MDGs 4, 5, and 6 in the Primary Health Care Units of Obio Akpor LGA was consulted, data collected and collated to evaluate progress, performance and achievement for the period 2009 – 2010. The results showed an increase in immunization coverage for BCG, DPT and Measles by 132, 88 and 102% in 2009 and 115, 68 and 76% in 2010. Vitamin A coverage increased by 329 and 788% for 2009 and 2010 respectively. Acute Flaccid Paralysis and Neonatal Tetanus reported a decrease from 9 to 5, and 5 to 3 respectively for 2009 and 2010. Deliveries by skilled birth attendants increased from 82 in 2009 to 559 in 2010, likewise new antenatal registration increased from 546 to 2,396 for the same period. Proportion of 4 or more antenatal visits rose by 182.37% and 216.66% for the same period. New antenatal attendance was 24% and 33% for 2009 and 2010, while facilities attendance dropped from 64.76% to 59.27%. Similarly, 7.16% and 9.48% males tested HIV positive against 14.08% and 10.29% positive females for 2009 and 2010. Out of 610 and 475 reported TB cases for 2009 and 2010, 44.92% and 73.89% were respectively smear positive. TB cure rate decreased from 50.79% in 2009 to 23.67% in 2010. The mortality rate from TB increased from 0% to 5.56% and retreatment failure from 0% to 3.67% in the same period. Malaria treated decreased from 12,476 in 2009 to 10,406 in 2010. The quantity of ACT issued to patients increased from 2,332 in 2009 to 5,876 in 2010. Considerable progress has been recorded towards the achievement of the target for MDGs 4, 5 and 6 in Obio/Akpor LGA Rivers State, Nigeria. However, the realization of set goals by the target year of 2015 may not be feasible except there is increased political commitment, recruitment of more health personnel, staff motivation and behavior change to imbibed doctrines of the health professionals.
Key words:- Primary Health Care; Millennium Development Goals 4, 5 and 6; ObioAkpor LGA, Nigeria.
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Competent interest:- The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Source of funding: - None.
Copyright © 2013 Nwidu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.