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Research article:-Forensic Medicine and Toxicology
Shankar M Bakkannavar, MD DCL1, YP Raghavendra Babu, MD2*, Ashwinikumar, MD3, Vinod C Nayak, MD4, Manjunath S, MD DCL5, Pradeep Kumar G, MD, Dip. Cr.L6.
1Assistant Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, India.
2Associate Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, India, 3 Assistant Professor, 4,5 Associate Professor, 6 Professor & Head, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, India.
Abstract:- Subendocardial haemorrhage (SEH) is an atypical feature in many forensic autopsies, especially in victims of severe trauma. These haemorrhages are not only accompanied with blood loss due to trauma but also seen in non traumatic conditions such as poisoning and following transfusion of infected blood. In this retrospective study, we have analysed 1778 autopsy cases and investigated for the incidence of subendocardial haemorrhages in relation to their causes.
Key words:-Subendocardial haemorrhage; heart; autopsy; incidence.
References:
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Copyright © 2013 YP Raghavendra Babu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Review article:-Pharmacology
Vasantha M N, S Kannan, Ayesha Sulthana, Nidhi Tyagi & Manoj G Tyagi*
Department of Pharmacology, Christian Medical College, Vellore 632002, India
Abstract:-
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) enzymes modify the acetylation status of histone proteins and other critical cellular proteins and are recognized as potentially useful therapeutic targets for a broad range of human disorders. Pharmacological interventions using small-molecule HDAC inhibitors may restore transcriptional balance to neurons, modulate cytoskeletal function, and affect immune responses and enhance protein degradation pathways. These have been found to beneficial in various experimental models of disease. In this review article we elaborate on the mechanism of HDAC enzymes in modifying various disease states and reflect on some new prototype drugs introduced for the treatment of some clinical manifestations.
Key words:- HDAC, enzymes, DNA, cell cycle, acetyl transferases, T cells.
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Copyright © 2013 Tyagi et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article:-Microbiology
Chitralekha S., Dinesh K., Illamani V., Praveena R., Menezes GA*
Assistant Professor & Scientist Microbiology & Central Research Laboratory Department of Microbiology, Sree Balaji Medical College & Hospital(Bharath University) Chromepet, Chennai, India
Abstract:- Background: Diabetes mellitus is the most common endocrine disorder and takes on pandemic proportions. Dermatophytosis remains a significant public health problem. The objective of the study was to study the prevalence of Trichophyton rubrum infection among diabetic and non- diabetic patients. Materials and methods: It is a cross sectional study conducted during July 2011 to July 2012. All clinically diagnosed cases of dermatophytoses attending the Dermatology OPD of were included in the study. Among those 40 diabetic and 40 non diabetic Patients were included. Clinical materials were collected from the patients suffering from various types of dermatophytoses and processed according to standard protocols. Result: Among the eighty samples 32 samples showed positive for Trichophyton rubrum in both direct microscopy and culture (40%) from both diabetic and non-diabetic population. Among the diabetic patients 18 were positive for T. rubrum (56.2%) which includes 10 male patients (31.2%) and 8 female patients (25%). In non-diabetic patients 14 patients were positive for T. rubrum (43.7%) which includes 9 male (28.1%) and 5 female patients (15.6%). Conclusion: The percentage of Trichophyton rubrum isolated from diabetic patients (56.2%) is higher when compared to non-diabetic patients (43.7%) in our hospital in Chennai.
Keywords:- Trichophyton rubrum, Diabetic patients, Non-diabetic patients.
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Research article:- Microbiology
Illamani V, Raveendran SR, Chitralekha S and Menezes GA*
Department of Microbiology, Sree Balaji Medical College & Hospital Chromepet, Chennai, India (Bharath University).
Abstract:- Background: Extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing organisms lead to various life threatening infections and its prevalence is more common in diabetic patients. The objectives of the study were to study the incidence of ESBL producing organisms in diabetic patients with urinary tract infection (UTI); and to know the common species of ESBL producers in diabetic patients with recurrent UTI. Materials & Methods: A total of 164 patients from both sexes in age group between 30 to 70 years attending diabetic outpatient department (OPD) without any complications, and having symptoms of UTI for more than a week. The study was conducted during June 2011 to June 2012. Results & Discussion: A total of 81 isolates were obtained from these patients. Of these, 19 organisms (11.6% of the total isolates) were found to be ESBL producers; the commonest were Escherichia coli, i.e., 11 isolates (25.6% of total isolates) and Klebsiella pneumoniae, i.e., 4 isolates (20.0% of total isolates). Among these, ESBL producers were found most commonly in patients with recurrent UTI (89.5%). Out of 164 diabetic patients with UTI, 19 patients had ESBL positives organisms in their urine culture. Of which 17 had positive history of recurrent UTI. The present study mainly focuses on the prevalence of ESBL producers among the diabetics with UTI since both diabetes and recurrent UTI is a risk factor for ESBL production. Conclusion: The study shows a strong association of recurrent UTI among patients infected with ESBL producing organisms.
Keywords:- Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL), Diabetic patients, Urinary tract infection (UTI).
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An informed View:-Periodontology
K.David1, Shetty Neetha J2* & Pralhad Swati3
1Reader, 2Associate professor,3Assistant professor, Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal University,India.
Abstract:- Wounds in the oral cavity feature extremely good self-healing characteristics. However, some situations require the isolation of the oral wound from the oral milieu. These indications range from extractions to flap surgery and coverage of sutured wound borders. The American Academy of Periodontology in 1986 advocated the term periodontal dressing and defined it as a surgical dressing applied over and protecting the surgical wounds produced by periodontal surgical procedures. There are certain situations where the use of periodontal dressings may be advantageous. Based on current evidence, the use of periodontal dressing following surgery maybe a matter of individual preference related to the discretion and judgment of the clinician.
Key words:- Cyanoacrylates, periodontal dressing, zinc oxide non eugenol dressing.
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