DocumentsDate added
Case report:-
Prakash M*1,2, Sambandhan A P2.
1Sree Balaji Medical College & Hospital, Chromepet, Chennai, India (Bharath University). 2Department of ENT, Institute of Child Health & Hospital for Children, Egmore, Tamil Nadu, India.
Abstract: Carcinoma of oesophagus in young is a rare clinical entity. A case of carcinoma oesophagus in young is presented here. A high index of suspicion was required for its diagnosis.
Key Words: Carcinoma of oesophagus, Rare, Systemic.
References:
1.Aryya NC, Lahiry TK, Gangopadhyay AN, Asthana AK. Carcinoma of the esophagus in childhood. Pediatr Surg Int 1993; 8: 251–2.
2.Allam AR, Fiaz M, Fazili FM, Khawaja FI, Sultan A. Esophageal carcinoma in a 15-year-old girl: A case report and review of the literature. Ann Saudi Med 2000; 20: 261–5.
3.Shahi UP, Sudarsan, Dattagupta S, Singhal S, Kumar L, Bahadur S, et al. Carcinoma esophagus in a 14-year-old child: Report of a case and review of literature. Trop Gastroenterol 1989; 10: 225–8.
4.Soni NK, Chatterji P. Carcinoma of the oesophagus in an eight-year old child. J Laryngol Otol 1980; 94: 327–9.
5.Tampi C, Pai S, Doctor VM, Plumber S, Jagannath P. HPV- associated carcinoma of esophagus in young. Int J Gastrointest Cancer 2005; 35: 135–42.
6.J. B. Hedawoo, N. G. Nagdeve, and G. N. Sarve. Squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus in a 15-year-old boy. J Indian Assoc Pediatr Surg 2010 Apr-Jun; 15(2): 59–61.
Copyright © 2013 Prakash M & Sambandhan A P., This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article:-
Madhao Gajanan Raje.
MD (Forensic Medicine & Toxicology), DFM (Family Medicine), DPM (Psychiatry), DPC (Counseling), BA (Psychology), MA (Philosophy), F-TA (Transactional Analysis). Practicing Psychiatrist & Psychotherapist, Nagpur, India.
Abstract:-
Crime committed by minor is called Juvenile Delinquency (JD). Incidence of JD world over is rising steeply. It has become growing menace & concern for healthcare, Judiciary, human rights, law and order dept. Growth of JD emphasizes failure of measures employed by Judiciary & Police. Reason of this failure lies in not understanding cause of Juvenile Delinquency. Criminal behavior of youths i.e. JD around the world doesn’t occur because of psychosocial issues only. Juvenile Delinquency is definitely more of a medical disease and not only a social or law-order problem. Once medical fraternity accepts this view then treatment/medical management related issues will be implemented freely all across the globe. Usually JD is a group behavior , though individual criminal-acts do herald the scenario. Criminal behavior of youth encompasses crimes like carrying firearms, vandalism/deliberately causing damage, arson, burglary, theft, gambling, alcohol related crimes, substance abuse, rape, & physical assault/Violence/murder. A family doctor is such an expert who gets easy opportunity to witness or know behavioral problems of adolescents in the family while treating routine ailment. If family doctor remains well educated about Juvenile Delinquency/ childhood aggression/offending behavior of youth of the family, then medical management would easily be ensued. Keeping this objective this commentary is designed.
Key words:- Juvenile Delinquency, Family therapy, Prevention, Truancy, Conduct disorder, Violence education & prevention, family & criminal behavior.
References:-
1.Ralph D. Rabinovitch, Juvenile Delinquency, Considerations of Etiology & Treatment, Pediatrics June 1956;17(6): 939-6.
2.Ilanna Sharon Mandel, What causes Juvenile Delinquency? , 2008, Dec.18.
3.socyberty.com[Internet]Bodeomoleke, Crime, 2009 Sept. Available from: http://socyberty.com/
4.Patrick Colletti, Arch Gen Psychiatry, 2000;57:119-27.
5.Loeber et al, Stephanie M. Green, Kate keenan et al, Which boys will fare worse? Early Predictors of the onset of Conduct Disorder in a six year Longitudinal Study, J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 1995;34:4:499-509.
6.Paul Kyuman Chae, Hyunk-Oak Jung, Kyung-Sun Noh, ADHD in Korean Juvenile Delinquents, Adolescence, 2001;36(144) ;707-25.
7.Laura Enteen.Education Advocacy for Delinquent Juveniles with Disabilities Yields Human, Financial Benefits, Youth Law News October-December 2008; VOL. XXIX NO. 4. Available from http://www.youthlaw.org
8.C P Dukarm, J S Holl, E R McAnarney, Violence among Children & Adolescents & the Role of Pediatrician, Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine 02/ 1995;72(1):5-15.
9.Summary of Conference. The Role of the Pediatrician in the Prevention of Delinquency, 1959 Nov; 24: 822-47.
10.http://www.un.org[Internet]United nations Guidelines for prevention of Juvenile Delinquency (The Riyadh Guidelines), Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. A/RES/45/112, 68th plenary meeting, 14 December 1990[citated 2012 Nov 12].Available from: http://www.un.org/documents/ga/res/45/a45r112.htm.
Copyright © 2013 Madhao G Raje.. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article:- Microbiology
M.Bharathi1*,G.Naga Sugeetha2 & I.Jyothi Padmaja3.
1Assistant Professor, 3Professor, Department of Microbiology, 2Tutor, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam, AP-530002. India.
Abstract: Background: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a polymicrobial condition in which normal vaginal flora is replaced by Gardnerella vaginalis and other anaerobic bacteria. In pregnancy BV is associated with increased risk of preterm labor, preterm birth, premature rupture of membranes and other adverse fetal outcomes. Aim: 1. To compare Nugent’s criteria and Amsel’s criteria in the diagnosis of BV. 2. To know whether BV is a risk factor for Preterm delivery. 3. To know the relation between BV and low birth weight. Material & Methods: 60 pregnant women who were in preterm labor with cervical effacement more than 3cm and 60 pregnant women at term labor were included as study and control groups respectively. Swabs were collected from posterior vaginal fornix and BV was diagnosed by Amsel’s and Nugent’s criteria. Statistical Analysis: Standard error of difference between proportions. Results: 37 and 35 pregnant women were nullipara in study and control group respectively. Among study group 37 were below 34wks of gestation (61.6%). BV was diagnosed in 26 and 10 pregnant women by Nugent’s criteria and in 22 and 8 by Amsel’s criteria in study and control group respectively with significant P value ( < 0.05). Babies of low birth weight were born to 55 of pregnant women in study group irrespective of whether they were positive or negative for BV. Conclusions: Nugent’s criteria is superior to Amsel’s criteria in the diagnosis of BV. Bacterial Vaginosis in pregnancy is associated with greater than two fold increased risk of preterm birth and it is not directly related to delivery of low birth weight babies.
Key words: Preterm birth, Nugent’s criteria, Gardnerella vaginalis, Anaerobic bacteria, Adverse fetal outcome.
References:
1. Sharoon L Hillier, Robert P Nugent, David A Easchenbach, Marijane A Krohn et al. “Association between Bacterial vaginosis and Preterm Delivery of a Low birth weight infant” The New England Journal of Medicine 1995 December 28; 333: 1737-42.
2. Indu Latha, Yashodhara Pradeep, Sujatha and Amita Jain “ Estimation of the Incidence of Bacterial Vaginosis and other vaginal Infections and its consequences on maternal / fetal outcome in pregnant women attending an antenatal clinic in a tertiary care hospital in North India” Indian Journal of Community Medicine 2010; 35 (2): 285-93.
3. Renu Goyal, Poonam Sharma, Iqbal Kour, Neera Aggarwal and Vibha Talwar “ Diagnosis of Bacterial Vaginosis in Women in Labour” JK Science 2005 ; 7(1), Jan- March: 1-4.
4. Kumar Aruna, Khare Jyoti “Role of Bacterial Vaginosis in Preterm Labor”, J Obstet Gynecol India 2007 Sept/Oct; 57 (5): 413-6.
5. Vida Modares Nejad, Shahla Shafaie” the Association of Bacterial Vaginosis & Preterm Labour” Journal of Pakistan Medical Association 2008;58(3):104-6.
6. Deborah B.Nelson and George Macones “Bacterial Vaginosis in Pregnancy: Current findings and Future Directions” Epidemiologic Reviews 2002; 24 (2) :102-8.
7. Amsel R, Totten PA, Spiegel CA, Chen KC, Eschenbach D, Holmes KK “ Non specific Vaginitis: Diagnostic Criteria and Microbial and Epidemiological Associations” Am J Med 1983;74:14-22.
8. Koneman’s color Atlas and Text book of Diagnostic Microbiology, 6th ed. 2006, Washington C. Winn Jr.,MD,MBA, Stephen D. Allen MD , Willium M.Janda,PhD, D(ABMM), Elmer W. Koneman MD, Gary W. Procop,MD,MS, Paul C. Schreckenberger PhD, D(ABMM), Gail L. Woods,MD; publisher Lipponcott William & Wilkins, pp 835-6.
9. Mackie & Mc Cartney “ Practical Medical Microbiology” , Edited by J Gerald Collee, Andrew G. Fraser, Barrie P. Marmion, Anthony Simmons; Published by Churchill Livingstone, 14th ed, 2008 pp 456-8.
10. Bailey & Scott’s Diagnostic Microbiology, 12th ed. Betty A. Forbes, Daniel F.Sahn, Alice S. Weissfeld; Published by Mosby Elsevier 2007, pp 860-7 & 871.
11. Goyal R, Sharma P, Kaur I, Aggarwal N, and Talwar V “Bacterial Vaginosis and Vaginal Anaerobes In preterm Labour” J Indian Medical Association, 2004; 102 (10): 548- 53.
12. E Holst, AR Goffeng, and B Andersch “ Bacterial Vaginosis and Vaginal Microorganisms in idiopathic Premature Labor and Association with Pregnancy outcome” Journal of Clinical Microbiology 1994; January, 32 (1): 176-86.
13. Azam Azargoon, Shohreh Darvishzadeh “ Association of Bacterial Vaginosis, Trichomonas vaginalis and Vaginal acidity with outcome of pregnancy” Arch Iranian Med 2006;9(3):213-7. 14. Saifon Chawanpaiboon, Kanjana Pimol BN “ Bacterial Vaginosis in Threatened Preterm, Preterm and Term Labor” J Med Assoc Thai 2010; 93 (12):1351-5.
15. Beverly E Sha, Hva Y Chen, Qiong J Wang, M Reza Zariffard, Mardge H Cohen, Gregory T Spear “ Utility of Amsel Criteria, Nugent score and quantitative PCR for Gardnerella vaginalis, Mycoplasma hominis, and Lactobacillus spp. for Diagnosis of Bacterial Vaginosis in Human Immuno Deficiency women” J of Clin Microbiol, September 2005;43(9):4607-12.
16. Kantida Chaijareenont, Korakot Sirimai, Dittakarn Boriboonhirunsarn, Orawan Kiriwat “ Accuracy of Nugent’s score and Each Amsel’s Criteria in the Diagnosis of Bacterial Vaginosis” J Med Assoc. Thai 2004;87(11): 1270-4.
17. Desai Veena A, Verma Ragini and Manu Pawan Preet “Bacterial Vaginosis in patients with idiopathic Preterm Labor”, J Obstet Gynecol India, 2009, 59 (1): 53-7.
18. J Christopher Carey, Mark A Klebanoff, John C Hauth, Sharon L Hillier, Elizabeth A Thom et al “Metronidazole to prevent Preterm delivery in Pregnant women with Asymptamatic Bacterial Vaginosis” N Engl J Med 2000; 342: 534-40.
19. Pippa Oakeshott, Salley Kerry, Sima Hay and Phillip Hay “Bacterial Vaginosis and Preterm birth: A prospective Community- based Cohort study” British Journal of General Practice Feb 2004; 54:119- 22.
Copyright © 2013 M.Bharathi,G.Naga Sugeetha & I.Jyothi Padmaja. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article:- Anaesthesia
Ranganathan.S1*, Saravanan D1, Hari Kumar S1 & Sumathi.K2.
1Department of Anaesthesia. 2Department of Biochemistry, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chennai (Bharath University),India.
Abstract:- Background: A prospective comparative study was done on lignocaine versus lignocaine with fentanyl to observe the effect on cardiovascular response to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation. Materials & Methods: One hundred such elective surgical patients of active age group (16 -60 years) having American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) physical status I & II irrespective of surgical procedure were randomly assigned to one of the two groups of 50 each. Group I received injection lignocaine 1.5 mg/kg intravenously 2 minutes before induction of general anesthesia. Patients in group II received injection fentanyl2 mcg/kg body weight and injection lignocaine 1 mg/kg body weight intravenously 2 minutes before induction of general anesthesia. Hemodynamic parameter i.e. blood pressures (systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and mean blood pressure), heart rate, were monitored after intubation,5min,10 minutes following intubation. Results: There were statistically significant (p<0.001) increase in blood pressures, heart rate and rate pressure product in group I i.e. pretreatment with 1.5 mg/kg body weight intravenous lignocaine and remained so after 10 minutes. On the other hand there were no statistically significant (p>0.05) increase in heart rate, blood pressures and in group II, where pretreatment done with fentanyl 2 mcg/kg body weight with lignocaine 1 mg/kg body weight and the values returned control level before 5 minutes. Conclusion: The study showed that fentanyl 2 mcg/kg body weight with lignocaine 1 mg/kg body weight pretreatment suppresses the cardiovascular response due to laryngoscopy and intubation.
Keywords:- Endotracheal intubation, laryngoscopy, lignocaine ,fentanyl.
References:-
1.Black TE, Kay B and Henly TEJ. Reducing the hemodynamic responses to laryngoscopy and intubation. A comparison of alfentanyl with fentanyl. Anaesthesia 1984; 39: 883.
2.You Mi Ki Y, Kim NS, Lim SH, Kong MH, Kim HZ. The Effect of Lidocaine Spray before Endotracheal Intubation on the Incidence of Cough and Hemodynamic during Emergence in Children. Korean J Anesthesiology 2007 November; 53(3): S1-S6.
3.Shribman AJ, Smith G, Achola KJ. Cardiovscular and catecholmine response to laryngoscopy with and without tracheal intubation. British Journal of Anaesthesia 1986; 59:295-9.
4.Abou– madi M, Kesler H and Yacoub O. Cardiovascular reaction to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation following small and large intravenous dose of Lignocaine. Canadian anaesthesia society J. 1977; 24:12.
5.Gupta A, Wakhloo R, Gupta V, Mehta A, Kapoor BB. Comparison of Esmolol and Lignocaine for Attenuation of Cardiovascular Stress response to Laryngoscopy and Endotracheal Intubation. JK Science 2009 April -June; 11 (2): 78-81.
6.Devault M, Greifenstein FE, and Harris LC. Circulatory responses to endotracheal intubation in light general anaesthesia – the effect of Atropine and phentolamine. Anasthesiology 1960; 21: 360-2.
7.Samaha T, Ravussin P, Claquin C, Ecoffey C. Prevention of increase blood pressure and intracanial pressure during endotracheal intubation in neurosurgery and sure during endotracheal intubation in neurosurgery and surgery. esmolol verus lodocaine. Ann Fr Anaesthesia 1996; 15 (1) : 36-40.
8.Jorgemsen BC, Hoilund-Carlsen PF, Marving J, Christensen V. Lack of effect of intravenous lidocaine on hemodynamic responses to rapid sequence induction of general anesthesia. A double blind controlled clinical trial. Anesth Analg 1986; 65: 1037-41.
9.Harbhej Singh, , Phongthara Vichitvejpaisal, George Y. Gaines& Paul F. White.. Comparative Effects of Lidocaine, Esmolol, and Nitroglycerin in Modifying the Hemodynamic Response to Laryngoscopy and Intubation .Journal of Clinical Anesthesia. 1995;7:5-S.
10.Kobayashi TL, Watanabe K, Ito T. Lack of effect of I.V. lignocaine on cardiovascular responses to laryngoscopy and intubation. Masui 1995; 44 (4): 579-82.
Copyright © 2013 Ranganathan S et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article:-Biochemistry
Purnima Dey Sarkar1, Lincy K. Skaria2* & Gopinath Agnihotram 2
1Professor& HOD, 2 Research Scholar, Department. of Biochemistry, MGM Medical College, Indore, M.P, India.
Abstract:- Background: Thyroid disease results from a disruption of the endocrine and immune systems. Nutrition deficiencies cause a disruption of both the systems. The commonest thyroid disease is hypothyroidism with associated symptoms like fatigue, bradycardia, muscle hypotonia, female infertility, dry skin, etc. Methods: Total of 300 subjects were included in the study group of which 100 patients were hypothyroid, 50 patients were hypothyroid associated with women infertility along with 150 controls. Quantitative determination of thyrotropin (TSH), triiodothyroinine (T3) and tetraiodothyronine (T4) was analyzed along with nutritional analysis of dietary nutrients like carbohydrate, proteins, fat, vitamin A, B1, B2, C, niacin, etc. Biostatistical analysis and correlations were analyzed by using Graph pad prism software. Results:- The TSH levels in Hypothyroidism was 23.05 ± 13.05 and in hypothyroidism associated with infertility was 26.15 ± 13.36 and the difference between the two were significant (p<0.0001). The correlation between TSH and T4 in hypothyroidism was( r= -0.8447) and the correlation between TSH and T4 in hypothyroidism with infertility (r= -0.9137) are significant and is a negative correlation. Conclusion: The study concluded that the subjects in both the groups were deficient in almost all the dietary nutrients. Dietary zinc was found to be very low as suggested by ICMR, so there might be an interesting relationship between hypothyroidism and hypozincemia. Hence along with B-complex vitamins zinc also must be administered. Moreover fruits and vegetables must be included to meet the requirements of antioxidants such as β-carotene, Vitamin C and certain non-nutrients such as polyphenols and flavanoids.
Key words:- Hypothyroidism, Thyroid Stimulating Hormone(TSH), Triiodothyroinine (T3), Tetraiodothyronine(T4), Dietary Nutrients, Zinc.