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Research article:-
Lalita Jayaram Thambiah1* & Satish Kumaran P2.
1Professor,Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology,2Consultant Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon, Annasamy Mudaliar General Hospital, Fraser town, Bangalore, India.
Abstract:- Malignant or premalignant lesions are prone to develop in the mucosal surfaces of the upper aerodigestive tract exposed to topical carcinogens. Their development is a multistep process within the mucosa. Over ninety percent of malignancies arising from the oral cavity are epithelial in origin and can therefore be regarded more number of times than not as oral squamous cell carcinoma. An immunohistochemical study was done to compare the expression of laminin and β1 integrin in biopsy specimens.
Key Words:- Biopsy specimens, tumour progression, laminin and integrin.
References:-
1.Timpl, R., H. Rhode, P.G. Robey, S.I. Rennard J M Foidart,and G R Martin “Laminin – a Glycoprotein From Basement Membranes”. J Biological Chemistry 1979;254 (19): 9933-7.
2.Hall, T.E., Robert J. Bryson-Richardson, Silke Berger, Arie S. Jacoby, Nicholas J. Cole, Georgina E. Hollway. “The Zebrafish Candyfloss Mutant Implicates Extracellular Matrix Adhesion Failure in Laminin α2-Deficient Congenital Muscular Dystrophy”. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 April 24; 104(17): 7092–97.
3.Haralson, M.A. and John R. Hassell (1995). Extracellular Matrix: a Practical Approach. Ithaca, N.Y: IRL Press. ISBN 0-19-963220-0.
4.Colognato, H., Yurchenko P. “Form and Function: the Laminin Family of Heterotrimers”. Dev. Dyn 2000;218 (2): 213-34.
5.Driemel, O., R. Dahse, S.G.Kim, Tsioutsias, H. Pistner, T.E.Reichert et al. “Laminin-5 Immunocytochemistry: A New Tool for Identifying Dysplastic Cells in Oral Brush Biopsies”. Cytopathology 2007; 18: 345-55.
6.Givant-Horwitz, Vered., Ben Davidson, Reuben Reich. “Laminin-induced Signaling in Tumour Cells”. Cancer Letters 2005;223: 1-10.
7.Patel, Vyomesh., Kay Alridge, John F. Ensley, Edward Odel, Andrea Boyd, Judith Jones et al. Laminin-γ2 “Overexpression in Head-and-Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma”. Int. J. Cancer 2002; 99:583-8.
8.Carol A. Vandenburg. Integrins Step up the Pace of Cell Migration Through Polyamines and Potassium Channels. PNAS 2008; 105(20): 7109-10.
9.Akelia Bellachène, et al. Small Integrin-Binding Llgand N-linked Glycoproteins (SIBLINGs): Multifunctional Proteins in Cancer. Nat rev Cancer 2008 ; 8(3): 212-26.
10.Wei Yu et al. β1-Integrin Orients Epithelial Polarity via Rac 1 and LamininD. Molecular Biology of the Cell 2005;16, February: 433-45. 11.Cord Brakebusch et al. Integrins in Invasive Growth. The Journal of Clinical Investigation 2002;109(8): 999-1006.
Copyright © 2013 Lalita Jayaram Thambiah & Satish Kumaran P., This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Case report:-
Prakash M*1,2, Sambandhan A P2.
1Sree Balaji Medical College & Hospital, Chromepet, Chennai, India (Bharath University). 2Department of ENT, Institute of Child Health & Hospital for Children, Egmore, Tamil Nadu, India.
Abstract: Carcinoma of oesophagus in young is a rare clinical entity. A case of carcinoma oesophagus in young is presented here. A high index of suspicion was required for its diagnosis.
Key Words: Carcinoma of oesophagus, Rare, Systemic.
References:
1.Aryya NC, Lahiry TK, Gangopadhyay AN, Asthana AK. Carcinoma of the esophagus in childhood. Pediatr Surg Int 1993; 8: 251–2.
2.Allam AR, Fiaz M, Fazili FM, Khawaja FI, Sultan A. Esophageal carcinoma in a 15-year-old girl: A case report and review of the literature. Ann Saudi Med 2000; 20: 261–5.
3.Shahi UP, Sudarsan, Dattagupta S, Singhal S, Kumar L, Bahadur S, et al. Carcinoma esophagus in a 14-year-old child: Report of a case and review of literature. Trop Gastroenterol 1989; 10: 225–8.
4.Soni NK, Chatterji P. Carcinoma of the oesophagus in an eight-year old child. J Laryngol Otol 1980; 94: 327–9.
5.Tampi C, Pai S, Doctor VM, Plumber S, Jagannath P. HPV- associated carcinoma of esophagus in young. Int J Gastrointest Cancer 2005; 35: 135–42.
6.J. B. Hedawoo, N. G. Nagdeve, and G. N. Sarve. Squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus in a 15-year-old boy. J Indian Assoc Pediatr Surg 2010 Apr-Jun; 15(2): 59–61.
Copyright © 2013 Prakash M & Sambandhan A P., This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article:-Orthopaedics
Salgia Anil1*, Agarwal Tushar2,Biswas S. K3,Sanghi Sahil4 & Sachdev Abhishek4.
1Professor,2Assistant Professor,3Professor & HOD,4Resident,Department of Orthopaedics, Padmashree Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre, Pimpri, Pune 411018.India.
Abstract: Background: Chronic shoulder pain is pain that lingers more than three months continuously or intermittently associated with restricted range of movement. Shoulder pain with restriction of movements is commonly seen in inflammatory and degenerative disease of shoulder joint. Suprascapular nerve block has shown promising results in limited trials in reducing shoulder pain and improvement in range of movements. No large randomized placebo controlled trials examining the efficacy of suprascapular nerve block for shoulder pain using bupivacaine/bupivicane+methyl prednisolone comparing pain and improvement in range of movement is available. Aims & objectives: To assess and compare the efficacy of Suprascapular nerve block for chronic shoulder pain using placebo (normal Saline), only Bupvicain and Bupvicain +methyl prednisolone, in terms of pain relief, duration of relief and improvement in range of movements. Methods and materials: 90 cases with chronic shoulder pain were evaluated clinically and radiologically. At random these cases were allotted three study groups. On randomized basis group of 30 cases were given 10ml of 0.5% bupivacaine, another 30 cases were given 10 ml of 0.5%bupivacaine and 40mg of methylprednisolone acetate and remaining 30 were given .9% normal saline as placebo to block the suprascapular nerve as an outpatient procedure. Cases were followed up on 2nd, 7th, 21st and 90 days for range of movements and for pain according to VAS score. Results: Evaluation of the efficacy of the block was compared by verbal pain scores and improvement of range of movement in % at 2 days, 7 days, 21days and 3 months after the injection. Maximum improvement is noted with bupivacaine+methyl for suprascapular nerve block in cases of chronic shoulder pain. Conclusion: Suprascapular nerve block is safe, effective and well tolerated treatment for patient with chronic shoulder pain. Study group with mixed drug of bupivacaine and methyl prednisolone is most effective. .
Key words: Chronic shoulder pain, Suprascapular nerve block, Bupivacaine, Methylprednisolone acetate, Placebo (normal saline). References: 1.Pope D Croft P et al. Prevalence of shoulder pain in the community: the influence of case definition. Ann Rheum Dis 1997;56:308-12.
.Chakravarty KK, Webley M. Disorders of the shoulder: an often unrecognized cause of disability in elderly people. BMJ 1990;300:848–9.
3.Ritchie ED, Tong D, Chung F, Norris AM, Miniaci A, Vairavanathan SD. Suprascapular nerve block for postoperative pain relief in arthroscopic surgery: a new modality? Anesth Analg 1997;84:1306–12.
4.Gray H. Anatomy: descriptive and applied. 30th ed. London: Longmans, Green and Co, 1949:1123–4.
5.Emery P, Wedderburn L, Grahame R. Suprascapular nerve block for shoulder pain in rheumatoid arthritis. BMJ 1989;299:1079–80.
6.Brown DE, James DC, Roy S. Pain relief by suprascapular nerve block in glenohumeral arthritis. Scand J Rheumatol 1988;17:411–5.
7.Green S, Buchbinder R, Glazier R, Forbes A. Systematic review of randomized controlled trials of interventions for painful shoulder: selection criteria, outcome assessment, and efficacy. BMJ 1998;316:354–60.
8.Van der Heijden GJ, van der Windt DA, Kleijnen J, Koes BW, Bouter LM. Steroid injections for shoulder disorders: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials. Br J Gen Pract 1996;46:309–16.
9.Van der Winddt DA, van der Heijden GJ, Scholten RJ, Koes BW, Bouter LM. The efficacy of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) for shoulder complaints. A systematic review. J Clin Epidemiol 1995;48:691–704.
10.Dangoisse MJ, Wilson DJ, Glynn CJ. MRI and clinical study of an easy safe technique of suprascapular nerve blockade. Acta Anaesth Belg 1994;45:49–54.
11.Gado K, Emery P. Modified suprascapular nerve block with bupivacaine alone effectively controls chronic shoulder pain in cases with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 1993;52:215–8.
12.Woolf CJ. Somatic pain pathogenesis and prevention. Br. J Anaesth 1995;75;169-76.
13.Lewis RN. The use of combined suprascapular and circumflex nerve blocks in management of chronic arthritis of the shoulder joint. Eur Acad Anaesth 1999;16;37-41.
14.Shanahan EM, Ahern M, Smith M, Wetherall M, Suprascapular nerve block (using bupivacaine and methylprednisolone acetate) in chronic shoulder pain. Ann Rheum Dis. 2003 May;62(5):400-6.
15.Lewis RN. The use of combined suprascapular and circumflex nerve blocks in management of chronic arthritis of shoulder joint. Eur Acad Anaesth 1999;16;37-41.
Copyright © 2013 Salgia Anil et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Case report:- Oral medicine and radiology.
Shekhar Kapoor1*, Kumud Mittal2, Bhushan Sharma3 & Kirat Anand4
1MDS, Senior Lecturer,4BDS, Demonstrator, Department of oral medicine and radiology,3MDS, Senior Lecturer, Department of oral pathology and microbiology, Christian Dental College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab,India.
2MDS, Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Sarabha Dental College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab,India.
Abstract:- Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a diverse collection of inherited diseases that exhibit quantitative or qualitative tooth enamel defects in the absence of systemic manifestations. Also known by varied names such as hereditary enamel dysplasia, Hereditary brown enamel, Hereditary brown opalescent teeth. This defect is entirely ectodermal, since mesodermal components of the teeth are basically normal. The AI trait can be transmitted by either autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, or X-linked modes of inheritance. It is necessary to diagnose the case and provide durable functional and esthetic management of these patients, where the unaesthetic appearance has a definite negative psychological impact. Key words:- Amelogenesis imperfecta, enamel, genetic, brown.
References:-
1.Neville BW, Douglass DD, Allen CM, Bouquot JE. Abnormalities of teeth. In, Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology. 2nd ed. Pennsylvania: Elsevier, 2004; 89-94.
2.Paine ML, White SN, Luo W, Fong H, Sarikaya M, Snead ML. Regulated expression dictates enamel structure and tooth function (review). Matrix Biol 2001;20:273-92.
3.Rajendran R. Developmental disturbances of oral and paraoral structures. In, Rajendran R, Sivapathasundhram B, (ed). Shafer’s Textbook of Oral Pathology. 5th Ed. Elsevier; 2007; 67 -68.
4.Seow WK. Dental development in amelogenesis imperfecta: a controlled study. Pediatr Dent 1995; 17(1):26-30.
5.Aldred MJ, Savarirayan R, Crawford PJ. Amelogenesis imperfecta: a classification and catalogue for the 21st century. Oral Diseases 2003; 9(1):19-23.
6.Poulsen S, Gjqrup H, Haubek D, Haukali G, Hintze H, Lqvschall H, et al.. Amelogenesis imperfecta - a systematic literature review of associated dental and oro-facial abnormalities and their impact on patients. Acta Odontol Scand 2008; 66(4):193-9.
7.Crawford PJ, Aldred MJ. Amelogenesis imperfecta: autosomal dominant hypomaturation –hypoplasia type with taurodontism. Br Dent J 1988; 164:71-3.
8.Kida M, Ariga T, Shrakawa T, Oguchi H, Sakiyama Y. Autosomal dominant hypoplastic form of amelogenesis imperfecta caused by an enamelin gene mutation at the exon-intron boundary.J Dent Res 2002; 81:738-42.
9.Backman B. Amelogenesis imperfecta - clinical manifestations in 51 families in a Northern Swedish Country. Scand J Dent Res 1988; 96:505-16.
10.Aldred MJ, Crawford PJ. Amelogenesis imperfecta-towards a new classification. Oral Dis 1995;1:2-5. 11. 11.Cra
wford PJM, Aldred M, Bloch-Zupan A. Amelogenesis imperfecta. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2007; 2(1):17-22.
Copyright © 2013 Shekhar Kapoor et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article:-Medical Biochemistry
Oseni, O. A1* & Okoye, V. I2.
1Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria.
2Department of Chemical Sciences, Achievers University, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria.
Abstract: The present study was undertaken to investigate the medicinal effect of the fruit of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus, family Cucurbitaceae). The fruit was obtained from Owo market in Ondo State and analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively for some basic phytochemicals of antioxidant importance in the various parts of the fruit using standard methods. The results of the antioxidant properties showed that the highest dose of 200µL possessed higher concentrations of flavonoids and total phenol in all extracts of the various parts investigated while lower dose of 50µL produced the highest percentage of iron chelation ability in all the parts investigated. Similarly, in this study it was also confirmed that the fruit possess the ability to scavenge free radicals and reactive oxygen species with the seed possessing the highest ability against DPPH at the least concentration of 150µL from the range of (150 – 500) µL investigated. The results obtained from this study however indicate the possibility of utilizing the fruit as neutraceutics or functional food to prevent or manage some critical diseases of man through scavenging or inhibition of some destructive species or radicals.
Key words: Diseases, antioxidant, concentration, consequence, medicine.
Copyright © 2013 Oseni, O. A & Okoye, V. I. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.