DocumentsDate added
Research article:- Microbiology
M.Bharathi1*,G.Naga Sugeetha2 & I.Jyothi Padmaja3.
1Assistant Professor, 3Professor, Department of Microbiology, 2Tutor, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam, AP-530002. India.
Abstract: Background: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a polymicrobial condition in which normal vaginal flora is replaced by Gardnerella vaginalis and other anaerobic bacteria. In pregnancy BV is associated with increased risk of preterm labor, preterm birth, premature rupture of membranes and other adverse fetal outcomes. Aim: 1. To compare Nugent’s criteria and Amsel’s criteria in the diagnosis of BV. 2. To know whether BV is a risk factor for Preterm delivery. 3. To know the relation between BV and low birth weight. Material & Methods: 60 pregnant women who were in preterm labor with cervical effacement more than 3cm and 60 pregnant women at term labor were included as study and control groups respectively. Swabs were collected from posterior vaginal fornix and BV was diagnosed by Amsel’s and Nugent’s criteria. Statistical Analysis: Standard error of difference between proportions. Results: 37 and 35 pregnant women were nullipara in study and control group respectively. Among study group 37 were below 34wks of gestation (61.6%). BV was diagnosed in 26 and 10 pregnant women by Nugent’s criteria and in 22 and 8 by Amsel’s criteria in study and control group respectively with significant P value ( < 0.05). Babies of low birth weight were born to 55 of pregnant women in study group irrespective of whether they were positive or negative for BV. Conclusions: Nugent’s criteria is superior to Amsel’s criteria in the diagnosis of BV. Bacterial Vaginosis in pregnancy is associated with greater than two fold increased risk of preterm birth and it is not directly related to delivery of low birth weight babies.
Key words: Preterm birth, Nugent’s criteria, Gardnerella vaginalis, Anaerobic bacteria, Adverse fetal outcome.
References:
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2. Indu Latha, Yashodhara Pradeep, Sujatha and Amita Jain “ Estimation of the Incidence of Bacterial Vaginosis and other vaginal Infections and its consequences on maternal / fetal outcome in pregnant women attending an antenatal clinic in a tertiary care hospital in North India” Indian Journal of Community Medicine 2010; 35 (2): 285-93.
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Copyright © 2013 M.Bharathi,G.Naga Sugeetha & I.Jyothi Padmaja. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original research article:-Orthodontics
Prabhuraj Kambalyal1 , Promod Shetty2 , Ronak Maniar3* & Sudhanshu Sanadhya4
1Professor,2Professor and Head, 3Postgraduate student, Department of Orthodontics, 4 Postgraduate student, Department of Community dentistry , Pacific Dental College and Hospital, Airport Road, Debari, Udaipur – 313024, Rajasthan, India.
Abstract:- Aims: To correlate and evaluate the changes in the shape and size of the cervical vertebrae with the obese patients and normal patients. Settings and design: A cross sectional radiographic study was carried out among 240 subjects , 8-14 years further divided into 120 normal BMI( body mass index) and 120 obese(increased BMI) visiting Department of Orthodontics, Pacific Dental College and Hospital, Udaipur, India. Methods and Material: The lateral cephalogram were taken and traced for all subjects The system developed by Farman and Hassel modification of Lamparski’s criteria was used to determine skeletal maturation using cervical vertebrae. Results: The obese subjects (3.23±1.2) exhibited a significantly higher mean cervical vertebral maturation score than did the normal subjects (2.6±1.4). Conclusion: Obese subjects showed a higher mean discrepancy between skeletal and chronologic ages compared with normal-weight subjects. Furthermore, obese subjects had a significantly higher cervical vertebral maturation score than did normal-weight subjects. Thus, to account for the earlier growth in obese patients with skeletal discrepancies, it might be necessary to perform earlier examinations and treatments than in normal-weight subjects.
Key words:- Skeletal maturation, cervical vertebrae, obesity.
Copyright © 2013 Maniar Ronak et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article:-
El-Aw1*, M. A. M.; K. A. A. Draz1; K. S. A. Eid1 and S. A. A. Awad2
1Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Egypt.
2Plant Protection Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt.
Abstract:- Twenty antibiotics belong to ten antibiotic groups were evaluated in the present study to control of the American foulbrood disease of honey bees, Apis mellifera. Four isolates of Paenibacillus larvae subsp. larvae (P.l.l.1, P.l.l.2, P.l.l.3, and P.l.l.4) from different localities, which were found to be resistance to the traditional control methods, are used to determine their sensitivity to a wide range of antibiotics, each at five different concentrations. The general average of commonly used antibiotic, Oxytetracycline, was used as a reference to calculate the relative efficiency (R.E.) percentage for identifying the most effective antibiotics, although it ranked the eighth order after seven effective antibiotics. Two of such seven antibiotics are compound antibiotics and the others are single. Sulfa-dimadine and Tylosine, ranked the order thirteen and fourteen with R.E. of 32.06 and 30.24 %, respectively. Doxycycline was the most effective antibiotic with 228.42 R.E. %. Chlortetracycline and Enrofloxacine occupied the second and third orders with 202.55 and 184.52 % R.E, respectively. The least effective antibiotic was Spectinomycine with 8.01 %R. E. P.l.l.3 isolate was the most sensitive isolate to the antibiotics. The inhibition zones of P.l.l.3 isolate recorded an average of 9.35 mm in diameter. The next isolate was P.l.l.4 with an average of 8.92 mm, followed by P.l.l.1 isolate with an average of 6.09 mm. P.l.l.2 isolate was the least sensitive one to all tested antibiotics with inhibition zone of 5.21 mm. Penicillin, Enrofloxacine, Chlortetracycline and the mixture of Tylosin/Doxycyclin were more effective on P.l.l.1 isolate than Oxytetracyclene. The most effective antibiotic was Penicillin with 202.55 % R.E. followed by both Doxycycline and Rifampicin with R.E of 144.26 and 142.81 %, respectively. The mixture of Tylosin/Doxycyclin recorded 115.12 % R.E. Doxycycline, Chlortetracycline, Rifampicin and Penicillin/Streptomycin were found to be more effective on P.l.l.2 isolate than Oxytetracyclene with 176.32, 159.56, 123.86 and 133.33 % R.E, respectively. Penicillin and Streptomycin recorded 0 % R.E when tasted alone, while the mixture of Penicillin/Streptomycin recorded 133.33 % R.E. indicating a strong synergism between the two antibiotics when mixed together. In contrast, there was an antagonistic effect of the mixture of Doxycycline and Tylosin. The most effective antibiotic against P.l.l.3 isolate was Doxycycline with 298.72 % R.E. followed by Enrofluxacine and Chlortetracycline with 282.70 and 263.57 % R.E. respectively. There was an antagonistic effect of Lincomycin/Spectinomycin when mixed together. The most effective compound antibiotic was Tylosin/Doxycyclin. The most effective antibiotic against P.l.l.4 isolate was Doxycycline with a higher R.E. of 294.35 % followed by Enrofluxacine with of 281.97 % R.E. and Chlortetracycline with 258.65 % R.E.
Key words:- Honey bee, Apis mellifera, American Foulbrood, control, antibiotics.
References:-
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2.Elzen P, Westervelt, D Causey D, Rivera R, Baxter J, Feldlaufer M. Control of oxytetracycline¬-resistant American foul brood with tylosin and its toxicity to honey bees (Apis mellifera) J. Apic. Res. 2002; 41 (3-4): 97 –100.
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Copyright © 2013 El-Aw et al., This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
Case report:-
Agrawal C Alok1 & Sharma Saurabh2*
1Associate Professor,Orthopaedics, MAMS BMC,Sagar,Madhya Pradesh,India.
2Assistant Professor, Peoples Medical College ,Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh,India.
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Copyright © 2013 Agrawal C Alok & Sharma Saurabh., This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Case Report:-Otorhinolaryngology
Dutta Sumanta K1* , Nandy Sumit2 , Chakraborty Debdulal3 & Basu Keya4.
1Associate Professor, 3Assistant Professor, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, ,2Demonstrator, 4Professor & Head, Department of Pathology, Calcutta National Medical College & Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
Abstract:- Rhinosporidiosis is a chronic granulomatous disease of the muco-cutaneous tissue, which clinically presents as polypoidal growths. Cutaneous lesions are infrequent and are generally associated with mucosal lesions. We present a case of scalp rhinosporidiosis in association with recurrent nasopharyngeal rhinosporidiosis in a 52 year old male patient. He presented with nasal mass, nasal obstruction, episodes of epistaxsis and dysphagia to solid foods. This was accompanied with two small flesh coloured warty polypoidal lesions over the scalp. Past history revealed similar type of nasal complaints for last 35 years for which he was operated 13 times before in different hospitals! Histopathology of the cutaneous and nasopharyngeal masses revealed numerous sporangia containing spores of various sizes in a vascular connective tissue, confirming the diagnosis of cutaneous and nasopharyngeal rhinosporidiosis. Because of rarity of skin involvement (particularly scalp) and noting the high frequency of recurrence of this disease, this case has been reported.
Key words:- Cutaneous rhinosporidiosis, Nasopharyngeal, Recurrence, Scalp.
References:-
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Copyright © 2013 Dutta Sumanta K et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.