DocumentsDate added
Original article:-
Madhao Gajanan Raje.
MD (Forensic Medicine & Toxicology), DFM (Family Medicine), DPM (Psychiatry), DPC (Counseling), BA (Psychology), MA (Philosophy), F-TA (Transactional Analysis). Practicing Psychiatrist & Psychotherapist, Nagpur, India.
Abstract:-
Crime committed by minor is called Juvenile Delinquency (JD). Incidence of JD world over is rising steeply. It has become growing menace & concern for healthcare, Judiciary, human rights, law and order dept. Growth of JD emphasizes failure of measures employed by Judiciary & Police. Reason of this failure lies in not understanding cause of Juvenile Delinquency. Criminal behavior of youths i.e. JD around the world doesn’t occur because of psychosocial issues only. Juvenile Delinquency is definitely more of a medical disease and not only a social or law-order problem. Once medical fraternity accepts this view then treatment/medical management related issues will be implemented freely all across the globe. Usually JD is a group behavior , though individual criminal-acts do herald the scenario. Criminal behavior of youth encompasses crimes like carrying firearms, vandalism/deliberately causing damage, arson, burglary, theft, gambling, alcohol related crimes, substance abuse, rape, & physical assault/Violence/murder. A family doctor is such an expert who gets easy opportunity to witness or know behavioral problems of adolescents in the family while treating routine ailment. If family doctor remains well educated about Juvenile Delinquency/ childhood aggression/offending behavior of youth of the family, then medical management would easily be ensued. Keeping this objective this commentary is designed.
Key words:- Juvenile Delinquency, Family therapy, Prevention, Truancy, Conduct disorder, Violence education & prevention, family & criminal behavior.
References:-
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Copyright © 2013 Madhao G Raje.. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Case report:-Orthodontics
Prabhuraj B. Kambalyal1, Ronak Maniar2*, Promod Shetty3 & Sudhanshu Sanadhya4.
1Professor,2Post graduate student, 3Head,Department of Orthodontics,4Post graduate student, Department of community Dentistry, Pacific Dental College and Hospital, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India.
Abstract:-
A 12 year old male with Class II div 1 subdivision and increased overjet and overbite was treated with modified nance appliance and implant supported niti coil spring distalization . Treatment resulted in Class I occlusion , ideal overjet , overbite , incisor andualation and matching midlines, total treatment duration was 1 year 4 months. Modified nance design with aniti coilspring and implants is an effective method to correct a Class II occlusion with minimal mandibular crowding.
Key Words:- Modified nance , Unilateral Molar distalization, Implant, Class II malocclusion.
References:
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Copyright © 2013 Maniar Ronak et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article:-
G. Sucilathangam, M.D1*, S. Niranjan,M.B.B.S1, G. Velvizhi, M.D1., N. Palaniappan, M.D1 & T.Anna,M.V.Sc.Ph.D2.
1Tirunelveli Medical College, Tirunelveli - 627 011, Tamil Nadu, India.
2Veterinary College and Research Institute,Namakkal-637001,TamilNadu,India.
Abstract:-
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common causes of nosocomial or community-based infections that were resistant to β-lactam antibiotics due to production of ß-lactamase and presence of mecA gene. Most laboratories use disk diffusion method and MIC for detection of methicillin resistance in S. aureus. The latex agglutination test is an alternative to PCR for rapid detection of mecA gene.The aim of the study is to detect and differentiate BORSA(Borderline Oxacillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus)from MRSA(Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus) and to compare MRSA latex agglutination test with standard susceptibility testing methods viz., oxacillin agar screen, Cefoxitin disc diffusion test and MIC.
Materials and methods: After obtaining approval from Institutional Scientific and Ethics Committee, clinical samples were processed over a period of two months at Tirunelveli Medical College Hospital by following the standard protocols. Resistant strains of S. aureus were subjected to the following phenotypic methods to screen and confirm MRSA viz., Oxacillin screen agar and Cefoxitin disc diffusion test and also were tested for detection and differentiation of BORSA from MRSA by Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Oxacillin by Broth Macrodilution method.PBP 2a encoded mecA gene was detected by rapid MRSA Latex Agglutination Test (Slidex MRSA Detection kit, Biomeriux,France).
Results: Nineteen strains were classified as borderline according to oxacillin MIC, resistant by oxacillin disk and sensitive to Cefoxitin and 33 strains were classified as MRSA resistant by oxacillin and Cefoxitin disk methods. The three strains that were classified as resistant by the oxacillin disk and Broth macrodilution methods were also resistant by the oxacillin agar screening agar whereas sixteen strains were susceptible. The sensitivity and specificity of the oxacillin agar screen test were 81.81 and 84.21%, respectively. MRSA-Screen detects the PBP2a antigen in all 33 MRSA strains and all 19 BORSA strains were mecA negative. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV are 100%.The MRSA latex agglutination test is also correlated with the cefoxitin disc diffusion test and the oxacillin MIC for detection of MRSA. Conclusion: The MRSA-Screen Latex Agglutination Test for detection of PBP2a is a rapid, easy to perform, and accurate method for the detection of MRSA. This test provides an alternative to the detection of the mecA gene by PCR in clinical laboratories when this technique is unavailable.
Key Words:- Borderline Oxacillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (BORSA), Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Oxacillin agar screen, Cefoxitin disc diffusion test, MIC, MRSA Latex Agglutination Test.
References:-
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Copyright © 2013 Sucilathangam G et al., This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article:-Biochemistry
Purnima Dey Sarkar1, Lincy K. Skaria2* & Gopinath Agnihotram 2
1Professor& HOD, 2 Research Scholar, Department. of Biochemistry, MGM Medical College, Indore, M.P, India.
Abstract:- Background: Thyroid disease results from a disruption of the endocrine and immune systems. Nutrition deficiencies cause a disruption of both the systems. The commonest thyroid disease is hypothyroidism with associated symptoms like fatigue, bradycardia, muscle hypotonia, female infertility, dry skin, etc. Methods: Total of 300 subjects were included in the study group of which 100 patients were hypothyroid, 50 patients were hypothyroid associated with women infertility along with 150 controls. Quantitative determination of thyrotropin (TSH), triiodothyroinine (T3) and tetraiodothyronine (T4) was analyzed along with nutritional analysis of dietary nutrients like carbohydrate, proteins, fat, vitamin A, B1, B2, C, niacin, etc. Biostatistical analysis and correlations were analyzed by using Graph pad prism software. Results:- The TSH levels in Hypothyroidism was 23.05 ± 13.05 and in hypothyroidism associated with infertility was 26.15 ± 13.36 and the difference between the two were significant (p<0.0001). The correlation between TSH and T4 in hypothyroidism was( r= -0.8447) and the correlation between TSH and T4 in hypothyroidism with infertility (r= -0.9137) are significant and is a negative correlation. Conclusion: The study concluded that the subjects in both the groups were deficient in almost all the dietary nutrients. Dietary zinc was found to be very low as suggested by ICMR, so there might be an interesting relationship between hypothyroidism and hypozincemia. Hence along with B-complex vitamins zinc also must be administered. Moreover fruits and vegetables must be included to meet the requirements of antioxidants such as β-carotene, Vitamin C and certain non-nutrients such as polyphenols and flavanoids.
Key words:- Hypothyroidism, Thyroid Stimulating Hormone(TSH), Triiodothyroinine (T3), Tetraiodothyronine(T4), Dietary Nutrients, Zinc.
Original research article:-Orthodontics
Prabhuraj Kambalyal 1 , Ronak Maniar 2*, Sudhanshu Sanadhya 3,Ramesh Nagarajappa4 & Prashant Nahar 5, & Mrudula Tak 6
1Professor,2Postgraduate student, Department of orthodontics,3Postgraduate student,4Head,6Senior lecturer, Department of community Dentistry, 5Professor,Department of oral medicine and radiology, Pacific Dental College and Hospital, Airport Road, Debari, Udaipur – 313024, Rajasthan.
Abstract:-
Aims: To assess the skeletal age of an individual by interpretation of the cervical vertebrae as seen in lateral cephalogram obtained as a standard pre-treatment diagnostic record and to correlate and evaluate the changes in the shape and size of the cervical vertebrae with the skeletal maturity index on a hand wrist radiograph. Settings and design: A cross sectional radiographic study was carried out among 120, 8-14 years old children visiting Department of Orthodontics, Pacific Dental College and Hospital, Udaipur, India. Methods and Material: The hand wrist x-ray and lateral cephalogram were taken and traced for all subjects. The system developed by Fishman and Farman and Hassel modification of Lamparski’s criteria was used to determine skeletal maturation by hand wrist evaluation and cervical vertebrae respectively. Statistical analysis used: Descriptive statistics and percentage of similar assessments were calculated. Chi square, One way ANOVA and Spearman’s correlation tests were applied. Statistical significance was set at p≤0.05. Results: Mean age of the study population was 11.5 ± 1.715 years. With increase in age, the proportion of children with higher CVMI and SMI scores also increased significantly. Significantly greater proportion of females had higher CVMI and SMI scores than males. Positive correlation (r=0.935) between CVMI and SMI scores was observed. The overall percentage correlation was found to be 93.3%. Conclusion: The results of the present study validate the use of cervical vertebrae as a growth marker and authenticate its use as a reliable method for skeletal maturation assessment.
Key words:- Cervical Vertebrae Maturation Indicator, Hand wrist radiograph, lateral cephalogram, Skeletal Maturation Indicator.
References:-
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Copyright © 2013 Maniar Ronak et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.