DocumentsDate added
Research article:-
El-Aw1*, M. A. M.; K. A. A. Draz1; K. S. A. Eid1 and S. A. A. Awad2
1Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Egypt.
2Plant Protection Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt.
Abstract:- Twenty antibiotics belong to ten antibiotic groups were evaluated in the present study to control of the American foulbrood disease of honey bees, Apis mellifera. Four isolates of Paenibacillus larvae subsp. larvae (P.l.l.1, P.l.l.2, P.l.l.3, and P.l.l.4) from different localities, which were found to be resistance to the traditional control methods, are used to determine their sensitivity to a wide range of antibiotics, each at five different concentrations. The general average of commonly used antibiotic, Oxytetracycline, was used as a reference to calculate the relative efficiency (R.E.) percentage for identifying the most effective antibiotics, although it ranked the eighth order after seven effective antibiotics. Two of such seven antibiotics are compound antibiotics and the others are single. Sulfa-dimadine and Tylosine, ranked the order thirteen and fourteen with R.E. of 32.06 and 30.24 %, respectively. Doxycycline was the most effective antibiotic with 228.42 R.E. %. Chlortetracycline and Enrofloxacine occupied the second and third orders with 202.55 and 184.52 % R.E, respectively. The least effective antibiotic was Spectinomycine with 8.01 %R. E. P.l.l.3 isolate was the most sensitive isolate to the antibiotics. The inhibition zones of P.l.l.3 isolate recorded an average of 9.35 mm in diameter. The next isolate was P.l.l.4 with an average of 8.92 mm, followed by P.l.l.1 isolate with an average of 6.09 mm. P.l.l.2 isolate was the least sensitive one to all tested antibiotics with inhibition zone of 5.21 mm. Penicillin, Enrofloxacine, Chlortetracycline and the mixture of Tylosin/Doxycyclin were more effective on P.l.l.1 isolate than Oxytetracyclene. The most effective antibiotic was Penicillin with 202.55 % R.E. followed by both Doxycycline and Rifampicin with R.E of 144.26 and 142.81 %, respectively. The mixture of Tylosin/Doxycyclin recorded 115.12 % R.E. Doxycycline, Chlortetracycline, Rifampicin and Penicillin/Streptomycin were found to be more effective on P.l.l.2 isolate than Oxytetracyclene with 176.32, 159.56, 123.86 and 133.33 % R.E, respectively. Penicillin and Streptomycin recorded 0 % R.E when tasted alone, while the mixture of Penicillin/Streptomycin recorded 133.33 % R.E. indicating a strong synergism between the two antibiotics when mixed together. In contrast, there was an antagonistic effect of the mixture of Doxycycline and Tylosin. The most effective antibiotic against P.l.l.3 isolate was Doxycycline with 298.72 % R.E. followed by Enrofluxacine and Chlortetracycline with 282.70 and 263.57 % R.E. respectively. There was an antagonistic effect of Lincomycin/Spectinomycin when mixed together. The most effective compound antibiotic was Tylosin/Doxycyclin. The most effective antibiotic against P.l.l.4 isolate was Doxycycline with a higher R.E. of 294.35 % followed by Enrofluxacine with of 281.97 % R.E. and Chlortetracycline with 258.65 % R.E.
Key words:- Honey bee, Apis mellifera, American Foulbrood, control, antibiotics.
References:-
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Copyright © 2013 El-Aw et al., This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
Case report:- Microbiology
B.Kiran Madhusudhan1* & B.Madhusudhan2
1MD (Microbiology), Associate Professor in Microbiology, Barath University, Shree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chrompet, Chennai-600 044, India.
2MS.,M.Ch(Plastic)-Consultant Plastic Surgeon BRS Hospital Pvt Ltd, Nungambakkam, Chennai-34, India.
Abstract: Protein C deficiency is a common cause for hypercoagulable state and can be inherited or acquired. Early in warfarin treatment, serum levels of vitamin K dependent antithrombotic protein C falls, even before other clotting factors. This causes a temporary prothrombic state, leading to venous thrombosis in subcutaneous and dermal vessels causing haemorrhagic infarction and skin necrosis. We report here a post aortic valve replacement patient who presented with a painful necrotic skin lesion of 2 weeks duration on the medial aspect of his right thigh .Patient was on anticoagulant treatment (T.Acitrom-5mg od) and his protein C level was well below normal limits, which helped in the diagnosis of warfarin induced skin necrosis in this case. Reversal of warfarin therapy was adopted, followed by surgical debridement and skin grafting.
Key words:- Skin necrosis, Warfarin, Hypercoagulable state, Protein C deficiency.
References:-
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Copyright © 2013 B.Kiran Madhusudhan & B.Madhusudhan. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article:-
Asokan Vasudevan1*,LaxmiPriya Dei2 , Harisha C R3 and V J Shukla4.
1Ph.D. Scholar, 2Associate Prof. & Head, Department of Streeroga and Prasootitantra, 3Head, Pharmacognosy Laboratory, 4Head, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory, Institute for Post Graduate Teaching and Research in Ayurveda, Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar,Gujrat, India.
Abstract:- Pathadi Kwatha is indicated in Granthibhuta artava Dushti (one among the eight types of menstrual disorder) characterized by clotted appearance of menstrual bleeding and anovulation with poly cystic ovaries due to Vata-Kapha dushti. Vata-Kaphaja Artava Dushti compared to polycystic ovarian syndrome(PCOS) is characterized by oligomenorrhoea, chronic anovulation, and multiple cystic lesions in either or both the ovaries as evidenced by ultrasonography, with or without obesity, hirsutism, acanthosis nigricans, ultimately leading to Infertility in adult female population. So a new pharmaceutical preparation in the form of Pathadi Kwatha was tried to standardize which is economical in terms of time and machinery usage. Pharmacognostical and phyto-chemical observations revealed the specific characters of all active constituents used in the preparation. For the first time standardization of Pathadi Kwatha was undertaken. The present work was carried out to standardize the finished product Pathadi Kwatha to confirm its identity, quality and purity. The presence of stone cells, sclerates, pitted vessels, simple and compound starch grains, fibres; oil globules embedded in parenchyma cells, were the characteristic features observed in the microscopy of drug combination. Phyto-chemical analysis shows solid content of 7.19% w/w, water soluble extract of 49.52 % w/w, specific gravity of 1.010. On the basis of observations and experimental results, the study may be used as reference standard in the further quality control researches.
Key words:- Pathadi Kwatha, PCOS, Pharmacognosy, Phyto-chemistry.
References:-
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Copyright © 2013 Vasudevan Asokan et al.. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original research article:-
Porwal Sanjay K1*,Gupta Ritu 2,Swarnkar Madhusudan3,Baig Vaseem N.4,Deewan Rishi5 & Jain Chetna6.
1Associate Professor, Department of Surgery, 2Associate Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 3Assistant Professor, 4Associate Professor, Department of P.S.M., 5Professor, 6Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Jhalawar Medical College, Jhalawar, Rajasthan- 326001,India.
Abstract:- Background: The Fine needle aspiration cytology is now an investigation of choice in evaluating thyroid swellings. It is simple, safe, cost effective and easy to do as out patient procedure. It is accurate, specific and sensitive. The objective of this study was to determine the reliability of FNAC in detecting various benign and malignant lesions of thyroid and correlate the results with histopathological examination report. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out at the Department of Surgery, S.M S. Medical College Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan (India). FNAC was performed on 100 patients of all age group and both sexes who presented with thyroid swellings. Results: Out of 100 patients, 87 were females and 13 were males. Majority of patients came with swelling of duration of less than a year. Majority cases came without any predominant symptoms. All cases underwent surgery and finally histopathological report collected. The goiter seen in 47, adenoma in 33, cancer in 13 and 7 histopathological reports were miscellaneous like lymphoid hyperplasia, hashimotos disease. Majority of population was iodine salt user (75%). Key words:- Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology, Thyroid swelling, Sensitivity, Specificity, Accuracy, Histopathology.
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Copyright © 2013 Sanjay K Porwal. et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article:-
Lalita Jayaram Thambiah1* & Satish Kumaran P2.
1Professor,Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology,2Consultant Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon, Annasamy Mudaliar General Hospital, Fraser town, Bangalore, India.
Abstract:- Malignant or premalignant lesions are prone to develop in the mucosal surfaces of the upper aerodigestive tract exposed to topical carcinogens. Their development is a multistep process within the mucosa. Over ninety percent of malignancies arising from the oral cavity are epithelial in origin and can therefore be regarded more number of times than not as oral squamous cell carcinoma. An immunohistochemical study was done to compare the expression of laminin and β1 integrin in biopsy specimens.
Key Words:- Biopsy specimens, tumour progression, laminin and integrin.
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Copyright © 2013 Lalita Jayaram Thambiah & Satish Kumaran P., This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.