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Research article:-
M. El-ajaily1*, A. Maihub2 , A. Etorki 2 , S. Ben-Saber3 & M. Elmajani2
1Chemistry department, Faculty of Science, Benghazi University, Benghazi, Libya.
2 Chemistry department, Faculty of Science, Tripoli University, Tripoli, Libya.
3 Pharm. Chemistry, Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tripoli University, Tripoli, Libya.
Abstract:- The condensation of amino group of aniline or substituted aniline with carbonyl group of salicylaldehyde or 4-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde in the presence of phenolic or benzylic hydroxyl groups can be prepared. The complexes containing such Schiff bases can be synthesised by direct mixing of the Schiff base with metal ions in appropriate organic solvents using microwave and reflux techniques. Metal ions such as, Zn(II) and Cd(II) ions can be introduced to get the corresponding metal complexes. The elucidation and the study of the resulted compounds performed, with different physiochemical tools, such as, elemental analyses, infrared and electronic spectroscopies. Conductivity, as well as magnetic moments. The CHN elemental analyses defined the fact that the formation of the Schiff bases and their complexes are in 1:1 [ M:L] ratio. The infrared spectral data of the obtained Schiff bases and their complexes displayed the proper coordination sites between the metal ions and the Schiff bases. The electronic spectral results confirmed the structure of synthesized complexes to be octahedral geometry with respect to each metal ion. The molar conductivity measurements revealed the property of the complexes to be non-electrolyte in nature.
Keywords:- Salicylaldehyde, 2-aminophenol, 2-aminobenzyl alcohol, Schiff Bases, Zinc,Cadmium, Complexes.
References:-
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5.Greay, W., Coord. Chem. Rev. 971:7:81.
6.Kaya, I., Ercag. A. and Culhaoglu, S.; Turk. J. Chem., 2007; 31: 55 – 63.
7.EL-ajaily, M., Maihub, A., Hudere, S. and Ben–saber, S., Asian Journal of Chemistry 2006; 18 (4):2427-30.
8.Budige, G., Puchakayala, M., Kongara, S., Hu R. and Vadde, R., Chem. Pharm. Bull. 2011; 59 (2): 166-71.
9.Chadra S., and Kumar, U., Spectrochimica Acta 2005; 61 A, 219 . 10.Sulikowska, D. and Malinowska, A., Polish J. Chem 2002;76, 1047–52.
Case report & Literature review:- Radiology
Nagarajan K 1*, Muthu S2 & Sushma Nayar3
Departments of Radiology1, General Surgery2 & Pathology3, Chettinad Hospital & Research Institute, Rajiv Gandhi Salai (IT Highway) Kelambakkam, Kanchipuram Dt Tamil Nadu – 603103 India.
Abstract:- Gastro-intestinal carcinoids are common in the ileo-appendiceal region and produce typical appearance of ‘spiculated’ margins in Computed Tomography (CT). Metastasis to liver leads to systemic carcinoid syndrome. We present a case of ileal mesentric carcinoid which was initially suspected as bowel mass and review the literature to underline the importance of identifying the characteristic CT appearance in view of complications associated with biopsy and surgery of such lesions.
Key Words:- Mesentric carcinoid, Imaging, CT, Liver Metastases, Surgery, Biopsy, Complications.
References:-
1.Kalia V, Saggar K, Sandhu P, Ahluwalia A, Vibhuti. Carcinoid tumor of the Ileum. IJRI Indian J Radiol Imag 2006; 16: 503-4.
2.Woodard PK, Feldman JM, Paine SS, Baker ME. Midgut carcinoid tumors: CT findings and biochemical profiles. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 1995; 19(3): 400-5.
3.Buckley JA, Fishman EK. CT evaluation of small bowel neoplasms: spectrum of disease. Radiographics 1998; 18(2): 379-92. 4.Rioux M, Langis P, Naud F. Sonographic appearance of primary small bowel carcinoid tumor. Abdom Imag 1995; 20(1): 37-43.
5.Pantongrag-Brown L, Buetow PC, Carr NJ, Lichenstein JE, Buck JL. Calcification and fibrosis in mesentric carcinoid tumor: CT findings and pathologic correlation. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1995; 206 (6): 387-91.
6.Nikou GC, Lygidakis NJ, Toubanakis C, et al. Current diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal carcinoids in a series of 101 patients: the significance of serum chromogranin-A, somatostatin receptor scintigraphy and somatostatin analogues. Hepatogastroenterology 2005; 52(63): 731-41.
7.Rappeport ED, Hansen C Palnaes, Kjaer A, Knigge U. Multidetector Computed Tomography and Neuroendocrine Pancreaticoduodenal Tumors. Acta Radiol 2006; 47(3): 248-56.
8.Boudreaux JP, Putty B, Frey DJ, et al. Surgical treatment of advanced-stage carcinoid tumors: lessons learned. Ann Surg 2005; 241(6): 839-45;
9.Kvols LK, Martin JK, Marsh HM, Moertel CC. Rapid reversal of carcinoid crisis with a somatostatin analogue. N Engl Med 1985; 313: 1229-30.
10.Ahlman H, Ahlund L, Sahlstrom A, et al. Use of a somatostatin analogue in association with surgery and hepatic arterial embolisation in the treatment of carcinoid syndrome. Br J Cancer 1987; 56:840-2.
11.Bissonnette RT, Gibney RG, Berry BR, Buckley AR. Fatal Carcinoid Crisis after Percutaneous Fine-Needle Biopsy of Hepatic Metastasis: Case Report and Literature Review. Radiology 1990; 174: 751-2.
12. Mason RA, Steane PA. Carcinoid syndrome: its relevance to the anesthetist. Anesthesia 1976; 31: 228-42.
Copyright © 2013 Nagarajan K, Muthu S & Sushma Nayar. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article:- anatomy
K. Satheesh Naik 1*, G.M. Mahesh2 & Sudharani. P3
Department of anatomy, Basaveshwara Medical College & Hospital, Chitradurga - 577502 Karnataka, India.
Abstract:- In a 55 years old male cadaveric dissection for medical undergraduate students on right side we observed there was no communication between radial and ulnar arteries in the formation of Superficial Palmar Arch, On left side no such variation was found. Superficial palmar branch of radial artery supplied lateral two and half fingers by common and proper arteries, but the artery to radial side of index finger received one communicating branch from radial artery, supplying ulnar side of thumb. We also observed the superficial branch of ulnar artery supplied medial two and half fingers by common and proper arteries. Knowledge in variation of vascular Pattern of hand gaining more importance in Microsurgical techniques, & Reconstructive hand surgeries.
Keywords:- Reconstructive hand surgeries, Superficial palmar branches of radial & ulnar arteries, Communicating branch from radial artery.
References:-
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3.Coleman SS, anson BJ. Arterial patternes in the hand based a study of 650 specimens. Surg gynecol obstet. 1961; 409 – 24.
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12.Onderoglu S, Basar R, Erbil KM, Cumhur M. Complex variation of the superficial palmar arch – case report. Surg Radiol Anat 1997; 19:123 – 5.
13.Pola P, Serricchio M,Flore R,Manasse E,Favuzzi A,Possati GF.Sate removal of the radial artery for myocardial revascularization:a Doppler study to Prevent ischemic Complication to the hand. J Thoracic Cardiovascular Surg.1996;112:737-44.
Copyright © 2013 K. Satheesh Naik, G.M. Mahesh & Sudharani.P. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original research:-General Surgery
Yogesh Kumar1,Basavaraj G.Veerapur2,Sunil Kumar Math3 & YP Raghavendra Babu4* 1Professor, Department of General Surgery,2Assistant Professor, Department of General Surgery,3Postgraduate, Department of General Surgery,4Associate Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Kasturba Medical College (A Constituent College of Manipal University), Mangalore, India.
Abstract:- Background:Studies on the clinical outcome & biochemical alterations in the postoperative follow-up period in cases with Roux-en-Y jejunostomy compared with loop jejunostomy cases in upper GI surgeries are not many. Materials & Methods: In this observational study, a total of 28 cases undergoing upper GI Surgeries with eitherRoux-en-Y jejunostomy orloop jejunostomy method were included. Jejunal loop anastomosis or Roux en Y jejunal anastomosis was used as per the indications for case. During the follow up clinical evaluation, biochemical analysis, quality of life was obtained. Results: There was one mortality and four patients had significant morbidity. The average follow-up period was 16 months (range 3months – 16 months). Patients with Roux-en -Y anastomosis were significantly asymptomatic and had greater Visick I grading than patients with loop jejunal anastomosis. Clinical outcomes & quality of life was better in Roux-en-Y group. Biochemical analysis showed loop anastomosis group had significant post operative hypokalemia, hypoproteinemia with longer hospital stay. Conclusion: This pilot study showed that Roux-en-Y anastomosis is significantly better than jejunal loop anastomosis in upper GI surgeries with the subjective and biochemical analysis under evaluation. However further studies is required to confirm the findings.
Keywords:- Roux-en-Y; Jejunostomy; GI surgery; loop jejunostomy.
References:-
1.C. Roux: De la gastroenterostomie. Revue de chirurgie, 1893, 13: 402-403.
2.Hoya Y, Mitsumori N, Yanaga KThe advantages and disadvantages of a Roux-en-Y reconstruction after a distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer.Surg today 2009;39(8):647-51.
3.Hirao M, Takiguchi S, Imamura H, Yamamoto K, et al.Comparison of Billroth I and Roux-en-YReconstruction after Distal Gastrectomy for Gastric Cancer: One-year Postoperative Effects Assessed by a Multi-institutional RCTAnn Surg Oncol. 2012 Oct 28.
4. McAlhany JC et al. Long term follow-up of patients with Roux-en-Y Gastrojejunostomy for gastric disease. Annals of Surgery 1994; 219: 451-7.
5.Imaizumi T, Hatori T, Tobita K et al.Pancreaticojejunostomy using duct-to-mucosa anastomosis without a stenting tube. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg. 2006;13(3):194-201.
6 Csendes et al. Latest Results (12-21 years) of a Prospective Randomized Study Comparing Billroth II and Roux-en-Y Anastomosis after a Partial Gastrectomy Plus Vagotomy in Patients with Duodenal Ulcers. Annals of Surgery. 2009;249(2):189-94.
7.Lambling A, Gosset JK. Le Reflux des secretions alcalines duodeno-pancreato-biliaires en physiopathologie gastrique. Etude critique, clinique et experimental de la theorie de Bolyreff. Arch Mal App Digestif. 1947; 6:533.
8.Tersnette AC, Offerhaus GJ, Tersnette KW, et al. Meta-analysis of the risk of gastric stump cancer: detection of high risk patient subsets for stomach cancer after remote partial gastrectomy for benign condition. Cancer Res. 1990;50: 6486–9.
9.Langhans P, Schonleben K, Bunte H. The routine use of Roux-en-Y anastomosis in gastric surgery. Scand J Gastrointest. 1981; 16:247–9.
10.Fukuhara K, et al. Reconstructive procedure after distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer that best prevents duodenogastroesophageal reflux. World J Surg. 2002; 26(12):1452–7.
11.Prassana E, Wickremesingher PC, Bayrit PA, et al. Quantitative evaluation of bile diversion surgery utilizing 99mTc HIDA scintigraphy. Gastroenterology. 1983;84:354 –63.
12.Jason K. Sicklick, Melissa S. Camp, Keith D. Lillemoe, Genevieve B. Melton, Charles J. Yeo, Kurtis A. Campbell, Mark A. Talamini, Henry A. Pitt, JoAnn Coleman, Patricia A. Sauter, John L. Cameron.Surgical Management of Bile Duct Injuries Sustained During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy. Ann Surg. 2005 May; 241(5): 786–95.
13.Tocchi A, Mazzoni G, Liotta G, Lepre L, Cassini D, Miccini M: Late development of bile duct cancer in patients who had biliary-enteric drainage for benign disease: a follow-up study of more than 1,000 patients. Ann Surg 2001, 234(2):210-4.
14.Rieu PN, Jansen JB, Joosten HJ, et al. Effect of gastrectomy with either Roux-en-Y Billroth II anastomosis on small-intestine function. Scand JGastroenterol. 1990;25:185–92.
15.D'Amato A, Montesani C, Cristaldi M, Giovannini C, Pronio A, Santella S, Ventroni G, Ronga G, Ribotta G. Restoration of digestive continuity after subtotal gastrectomy: comparison of the methods of Billroth I, Billroth II and roux en Y. Randomized prospective study. Ann Ital Chir 1999 Jan-Feb; 70(1):51-6.
Copyright © 2013 YP Raghavendra Babu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article:- Anaesthesia,
Meera Rani Nayak*
Assistant Professor, Department of Anaesthesia, Sree Balaji Medical College & Hospital, #7, Works Road, Chromepet, Chennai - 600 044.Tamil Nadu, India.
Abstract:- This study was carried out in 60 adult ASA I &II patients to evaluate prolongation of postoperative spinal analgesia by clonidine. Addition of intrathecal clonidine at the doses of 75µg & 37.5µg to 0.5% hyperbaric Bupivacaine prolongs both sensory blockade of spinal anaesthesia & time interval to first request for supplemental analgesia. Incidence of hypotension & bradycardia was more with higher doses of intrathecal clonidine (75µg) which was managed by I.V fluids, inj. Mephenteramine & inj. Atropine sulphate satisfactorily. Sedation – maximum with higher dose (75µg) of intrathecal clonidine.
Key words:- Intrathecal clonidine, Post operative analgesia, Lower abdominal surgeries.
References:-
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2.Eisenach J, De kock M, Klimscha W. alpha 2 adrenergic agonists for regional anaesthesia: aclinical review of clonidine (1994 - 1995). Anesthesiology 1996; 85:655-74.
3.Filos KS, Goudas LC, Patroni, Polyzou V. haemodynamic & analgesic profile after intrathecal clonidine in Humans. A dose response study. Anesthesiology 1994; 81: 591-601.
4.Niemi L. Effects of intrathecal clonidine on duration of Bupivacaine spinal anaesthesia , hemodynamics, postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing knee artroscopy. Acta Anaesth Scand 1994; 38:724-8.
5.Bonnet F, Brun –Bisson V, Saada M. Dose related prolongation of hyperbaric tetracaine spinal anaesthesia by clonidine in humans. Anaesthe Analg 1989; 68; 619-22.
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7.Sites BD, Beach M, Biggs R , Rohan C, Wiley C, Rassias A, et al. Intrathecal clonidine added to a bupivacaine – morphine spinal anaesthetic improves postoperative analgesia for total knee artroplasty. Anesth Analg 2003;96:1083-8.
8.Vaghadia H, McLeod DH, Mitchell GW, Merrick PM, Chilvers CR. Small-dose hypobaric lidocaine –fentanyl spinal anaesthesia for short duration out patient laparoscopy. I. A randomized comparison with conventional dose hyperbaric lidocaine. Anesth Analg 1997; 84:59-64.
9.Eisenach JC, De Kock M, Klimscha W, Alpha(2) – adrenergic agonists for regional anesthesia. A clinical review of clonidine (1984-1995).Anesthesiology 1996;85:655-74.
10.Kaabachi O, Zarghouni A, Ouezini R, Abdelaziz AB, Chattaoui O, Kokki H.Clonidine 1 microg/kg is a safe and effective adjuvant to plain bupivacaine in spinal anesthesia in adolescents. Anesth Analg 2007; 105:516-9.
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13.Larsen B, Dorscheid E, Macher-Hanselmann F,Buch U.Does intrathecal clonidine prolong the effect of spinal anesthesia with hyperbaric mepivacaine? A randomized double-blind study. Anesthesist 1998; 47:741-6.
Copyright © 2013 Meera Rani Nayak. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.