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Research article:- Oral Pathology
Ashok V1*, Prashant Babaji2, Nagarathna S3, Dilip Dhamankar4, Kiran Keswani5 & Raghavendra M Shetty6.
1Professor & HOD, Department of Oral Pathology, Bangalore Institute of Dental Sciences, Bangalore, India.
2Associate Professor, Department of Pedodontics,5Senior Lecturer Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Vyas Dental College, Jodhpur, India.
3Professor , Department of Periodontics, Maharana Pratap Dental College, Gwalior, India.
4Professor & HOD, Department of Prasthodontics, NIMS Dental College, Jaipur, India.
6Professor, Department of Pedodontics, Chattisgarh Dental College, Rajanandagaon, India.
Abstract:- Syndecans are a family of integral membrane proteoglycans that participate in cell-matrix interactions and growth factor binding. The down regulation of syndecan-1 may offer the cell a possibility to detach and to invade. As the differentiation of cancer decreases, the expression of syndecan-1 also decreases. In our study we evaluated 63 cases of oral cancer for Syndecan-1 expression which comprised of 36 cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma and 27 cases of verrucous carcinoma. It was seen that the syndecan-1 expression showed a definite down regulation in squamous cell carcinoma and verrucous carcinoma. The staining intensity and percentage of positive cases decreased with increase in severity of squamous cell carcinoma.
Key words:- Squamous cell carcinoma, Syndecan-1, Verrucous carcinoma.
References:-
1.Bartold P M, Narayanan A S. Proteoglycans. Biology of the Periodontal Connective Tissues, Quintessence Publication.1998
2.Bernfield M et al. Biology of the syndecans. Annu. Rev Biochem.1992; 8: 365-93.
3.Soukka T et al. Reduction of syndecan-1 expression is associated with dysplastic oral epithelium. J Oral Pathol Med. 2000; 29: 308-13.
4.Jalkanen M, Rapraeger A, Saunders S et al. Cell surface Proteoglycan of Mouse Mammary Epithelial Cells is shed by Cleavage of its Matrix – binding Ectodomain from its Membrane Associated Domain.J. Cel Biol. 1987; 105: 3087-96.
5.Inki P et al. Immunohistochemical localization of syndecan-1. In normal and Pathological Human uterine Cervix. J. Pathol.1994; 172: 349-55.
Copyright © 2013 Ashok V et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Literature review:-Periodontics,
Mitul Kumar Mishra1* & Shilpi Tiwari2
1Assistant professor, Department of Periodontics, Swargiya Dadasaheb Kalmegh Smruti Dental College and Hospital, Nagpur, India.
2Assistant professor, Department of Pedodontics and preventive dentistry, Peoples College of dental sciences, Bhopal, India.
Abstract:- With the growing interest in self-care and integrative medicine coupled with our health embracing baby boomer population, recognition of the link between diet and health has never been stronger. As a result, the market for functional foods, or foods that promote health beyond providing basic nutrition, is flourishing. Within the functional foods movement is the small but rapidly expanding arena of probiotics–live microbial food supplements that beneficially affect an individual by improving intestinal microbial balance. By definition, probiotics are live microorganisms that when administered in adequate amounts confer health benefits upon the host. Based on current research data the effects of probiotics on periodontal health and its maintenance are not clear. Systematic in vitro studies are first needed to learn more about the eventual interactions of probiotic species and periodontal pathogens and oral biofilms, and also about their effects on periodontal host tissue reactions. Key words:- Periodontal health, probiotics, biofilm.
References:-
1.Saito T. Selection of useful probiotic lactic acid bacteria from the Lactobacillus acidophilus group and their applications to functional foods. Anim Sci J 2004: 75:1–13.
2.Meurman JH. Probiotics: do they have a role in oral medicine and dentistry? Eur J Oral Sci 2005: 113: 188–96.
3.Hojo K, Mizoguchi C, Takemoto N, Oshima T, Gomi K, Arai T, Maeda N. Distribution of salivary lactobacillus and bifidobacterium species in periodontal health and disease. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2007: 71: 152–7.
4.Socransky S, Haffajee A. Periodontal microbial ecology. Periodontol 2000 2005: 38: 135–87.
5.Stamatova I, Kari K, Meurman JH. In vitro evaluation of antimicrobial activity of putative probiotic lactobacilli against oral pathogens. Int J Probiotics Prebiotics 2008: 2:225–232.
6.Krasse P, Carlsson B, Dahl C, Paulsson A, Nilsson A, Sinkiewicz G. Decreased gum bleeding and reduced gingivitis by the probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri. Swed Dent J 2006: 30:55–60.
7.Haukioja A, Yli-Knuuttila H, Loimaranta V, Kari K, Ouwehand AC, Meurman JH, Tenovuo J. Oral adhesion and survival of probiotic and other lactobacilli and bifidobacteria in vitro. Oral Microbiol Immunol 2006: 21: 326–32.
8.Collado MC, Surono I, Meriluoto J, Salminen S. Indigenous dadih lactic acid bacteria: cell-surface properties and interactions with pathogens. J Food Sci 2007: 72: M89–M93.
9.Haukioja A, Loimaranta V, Tenovuo J. Probiotic bacteria affect the composition of salivary pellicle and streptococcal adhesion in vitro. Oral Microbiol Immunol 2008: 23: 336– 43.
10.Ko˜ll-Klais P, Ma¨ndar R, Leibur E, Marcotte H, Hammarstrom L, Mikelsaar M. Oral lactobacilli in chronic periodontitis and periodontal health: species composition and antimicrobial activity. Oral Microbiol Immunol 2005: 20: 354–61.
11.Marcotte H, Ko˜ll-Klais P, Hultberg A, Zhao Y, Gmur R, Mandar R, Mikelsaar M, Hammarstro¨m L. Expression of single-chain antibody against RgpA protease of Porphyromonas gingivalis in Lactobacillus. J Appl Microbiol 2005: 100: 256–63.
12.Teughels W, Newman MG, Coucke W, Haffajee A, Van Der Mei HC, Haake SK, Schepers E, Cassiman JJ, Van Eldere J, van Steenberghe D, Quirynen M. Guiding periodontal pocket recolonization: a proof of concept. J Dent Res 2007: 86: 1078–82.
13.Grajek W, Olejnik A, Sip A. Probiotics, prebiotics and antioxidants as functional foods. Acta Biochim Pol 2005; 52:665–71.
Copyright © 2013 Mitul K Mishra & Shilpi Tiwari. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Case report:- Pathology
Amrit Kaur Kaler1*, Raja Parthiban2, Madhusmitha Jena3, Gandhi N3 & Shantha B4 1Assistant Professor, 2Associate Professor, 3Professor, Shantha, IInd year, Post graduate of Pathology, MVJMC & RH, Bangalore, India.
Abstract:- The α-thalassemias are the most common inherited disorders of hemoglobin (Hb) synthesis due to deletions or point mutations affecting 1 or more α-globin genes leading to decreased or absent α-globin chain synthesis. The α thalassemias involve the genes HBA1 and HBA2 located on chromosome 16(16p13.3) and inherited in an autosomal recessive fashion. The normal complement of four functional alpha-globin genes may be decreased by 1, 2, 3 or all 4 copies of the genes, explaining the clinical variation and increasing severity of the disease. Compound heterozygotes and some homozygotes have a moderate to severe form of α thalassaemia called HbH disease. Patients with non-deletional types of HbH disease are more severely affected than those with the common deletional types of HbH disease. It can also be acquired, under rare circumstances. Due to the low occurrence of α -thalassemia, the disease can be mistaken for iron deficiency anemia.
Key words:- Haemoglobin H disease, Alpha Thalassemia, Iron deficiency anemia.
References:-
1.Harteveld CL, Higgs DR. α-thalassaemia. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2010; 5:13.
2.Higgs DR and Bowden DK. Clinical and laboratory features of the a-thalassemia. In: Disorders of Haemoglobin; Genetics, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Management (ed. by MH. Steimberg, BG. Forget, DR. Higgs & RL. Nagel) 2001; pp. 431- 69. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK..
3.Bernini LF. Geographic distribution of alpha thalassemia. In: Steinberg M, Forget B, Higgs D, et al., eds. Disorders of hemoglobin. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press; 2001:878-94.
4.Desai S, Colah R. Alpha-Thalassemia Syndromes In India. Indian J Hum Genet 1997; 3: 1-9.
5.Mitra S.S. The clinical and haematological profile of thalassaemia and haemoglobinopathies in Indian Pediatr. 1983; 20: 701–13.
6.Cornelis L Harteveld and Douglas R Higgs. αethalassaemia. Harteveld and Higgs Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2010, 5:13.
7.Weatherall DJ, Clegg JB: The Thalassaemia Syndromes. 4th edition. Oxford ,England: Blackwell Science Ltd 2001.
8. Delft van P, Lenters E, Bakker-Verweij M, de KM, Baylan U, Harteveld CL, Evaluating five dedicated automatic devices for haemoglobinopathy diagnostics in multi-ethnic populations. Int J Lab Hematol 2009, 31:484-95.
9.Nooitgdag JE et al. A new deletion defect leading to alpha-thalassemia in large Dutch Caucasian family. Br J Hematol 2007; 106(4): 662-5. 10.Cohen AR, Galanello R, Pennell DJ, Cunningham MJ, Vichinsky E: Thalassemia. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program 2004:14-34.
Copyright © 2013 Kaler et al.. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original research article:- Community Medicine
Khan Mohd H1*, Khalique N2 & Khan R3.
1Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine,Rohilkhand Medical College Bareilly, UP, India.
2Professor, Department of Community Medicine, JNMC, AMU, Aligarh, U.P,India.
3Associate Professor, Department of periodontology & implantology, IDS Bareilly U.P,India.
Abstract: Background: Newborn thermal care is a critical and essential component of essential newborn care; however, hypothermia continues to remain under-documented, under organized and under managed. Objective: 1. To assesses knowledge and practices of pregnant women to prevent hypothermia. 2. To assesses knowledge of pregnant women regarding signs for intervention and its management in hypothermic newborns. Study design: A community based study. Setting: Field practice areas of Urban Health Training Center Department of Community Medicine, JNMCH, AMU Aligarh. Study period: one year. Participants: 200 pregnant women Sampling: Purposive sampling method. Statistical Analysis: Data analysed with Epi Info version 3.5.1. Percentages, and Chi Square Test used. Results: 100% newborns were wiped dry immediately and were given bath within 6 hours of birth. Rooming-in was practiced by 98.9% mothers. 45.4% deliveries were conducted in warm room. Abnormal temperature of baby was checked by 93% of mothers after birth. Only 25 % mothers had correct knowledge about cold extremities. 24.5% mothers had knowledge about cold abdomen and 9.5% mothers regarding blue extremities. Only 33.5% of mothers had knowledge of skin-to- skin contact. Breastfeeding during transportation was done by 47% mothers. 85% mothers had knowledge about stabilization of temperature of baby during transportation to hospital. Conclusion: There was a poor knowledge and practices among pregnant women regarding hypothermia, in periurban area of Aligarh.
Keywords:- Blue extremities, Cold extremities, Cold abdomen, Skin-to- skin contact,
References:-
1.Darmstadt GL, Bhutta ZA, Cousens et al. Evidence based, cost-effective interventions: how many newborn babies can we save? The Lancet 2005; 365: 977-88.
2.World Health Organization. Mother-baby Package: Implementing Safe Motherhood in Countries. World Health Organization: Geneva, 1994.
3.National Family Health Survey III. Mumbai: International Institute for Population Sciences and ORC Macro; 2006. 4.de Zoysa I, Bhandari N, Akhtari N, Bhan MK. Careseeking for illness in young infants in an urban slum in India. Soc Sci Med 1998; 47: 2101-11.
5. Bang AT, Reddy HM, Deshmukh MD, Baitule SB, Bang RA. Neonatal and infant mortality in ten years (1993-2003) of the Gadchiroli field area trial: effect of home based newborn care. J Perinatol 2005; 259(suppl.): S92-S107.
6.Awasthi S, Verma T, Agarwal M. Danger signs of neonatal illnesses: perception of caregivers and health workers in Northern India. Bull World Health Organ 2006; 84: 819-26.
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8.Daga AS, Daga SR, Patole SK. Determinants of death among admissions to intensive care unit for newborns. J Trop Pediatr 1991; 37(2): 53–5\6.
9.Costello A, Manandhar D. Improving Newborn Infant Health in Developing Countries. Imperial College Press, London, 2000.
10.Meher R,Jain A, Sabharwal A et al. Deep neck abscess: a prospective study of 54 cases. The Journal of laryngology & Otology 2005; 119: 299-302.
11.Sreeramareddy CT, Joshi HS, Binu VS et al. Home delivery and newborn care practices among urban women in Western Nepal: A questionnaire survey. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2006; 6: 27.
12.Osrin D, Tumbahangphe KM, Shrestha D et al. Cross sectional, community based study of care of newborn infants in Nepal. BMJ 2002; 325.
13.Rahi M, Taneja D, Misra A et al. Newborn care practices in an urban slum of Delhi. Indian Journal of Medical Sciences 2006; 60 (12): 506-10.
14.Kumar R, Agarwal AK. Body temperatures of home delivered newborns in North India. Trop Doctor 1998; 28: 134-6.
15.Dragovich D, Tamburlini G, Alisjahbana A et al .Thermal control of the newborn: knowledge and practice of health professionals in seven countries. Acta Paediatrica 1997; 86: 645-50.
16.Agarwal S, Srivastava K, Sethi V. Maternal and newborn care practices among the urban poor in Indore, India: gaps, reasons and possible program options. Urban health resource centre (New Delhi), 2007: 32.
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Copyright © 2013 Khan Mohd H et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original research article:-Pulmonary Medicine
Gupta Ashish K1 ,Mehmood Tariq2 & Khan Mohd H3*.
1 Senior resident, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Rural institute of medical sciences & research Safai, Etawa U.P, India.
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Motilal Nehru Medical College (MLNMC), Allahabad, U.P, India.
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Rohilkhand Medical College, Bareilly,(U.P), India.
Abstract:- Background: Both inadequate prescription and non-compliance with antituberculosis drugs have resulted in the emergence of a dreadful known as multi drug resistant (MDR) tuberculosis.
Objective:
1.To find out prevalence of antituberculosis drug resistance pattern in suspected case of drug resistant Tuberculosis.
2. To find out predominant patterns of drug resistance and will useful in provides guidance on appropriate regimes for treatment of MDR tuberculosis.
Study design: Hospital based study. Setting: Department of pulmonary medicine, Motilal Nehru Medical College (MLNMC), Allahabad, (U.P) India. Participants: 52 patients. Sampling: Purposive sampling method. Results: Out of 52 patients 23(44.23 %) were relapse, 22(42.30 %) were treatment failure and 7(13.46 %) were defaulter. Single drug Resistance was in 13 (25.49 %) patients. Single drug resistance to isoniazid in 7(13.7%) patient, Ethambutol 5(9.8%) patient and in streptomycin 1(1.96) patient. 10 (19.6%) patients were two drug resistance. The most common two drug combination pattern was isoniazid and ethambutol in 4(7.84%) patients followed by isoniazid and Pyrazinamide in 2(3.92) patients and in 1(1.96%) patients each of HR, RS, ZS and ES. 11 patients were 3 drug resistance. Most common three drug pattern was HZE and HRS 3(5.9%) each. five (9.8%) patients were 4 and >4 drugs resistance. Most common combination was HRZE in 2 (3.92%). Conclusion: There is an urgent need for timely identification of suspect of drug resistance by early referral for culture and drug sensitivity test for prompt initiation of appropriate treatment to improve outcome as well as to sever the chain of transmission.
Keywords:- Single drug resistance, Multi drug resistance, Defaulter, Treatment failure, Relapse.
References:-
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Copyright © 2013 Gupta Ashish K,Mahmood Tariq & Khan Mohd H. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.