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Case report:- Pathology
Amrit Kaur Kaler1*, Raja Parthiban2, Madhusmitha Jena3, Gandhi N3 & Shantha B4 1Assistant Professor, 2Associate Professor, 3Professor, Shantha, IInd year, Post graduate of Pathology, MVJMC & RH, Bangalore, India.
Abstract:- The α-thalassemias are the most common inherited disorders of hemoglobin (Hb) synthesis due to deletions or point mutations affecting 1 or more α-globin genes leading to decreased or absent α-globin chain synthesis. The α thalassemias involve the genes HBA1 and HBA2 located on chromosome 16(16p13.3) and inherited in an autosomal recessive fashion. The normal complement of four functional alpha-globin genes may be decreased by 1, 2, 3 or all 4 copies of the genes, explaining the clinical variation and increasing severity of the disease. Compound heterozygotes and some homozygotes have a moderate to severe form of α thalassaemia called HbH disease. Patients with non-deletional types of HbH disease are more severely affected than those with the common deletional types of HbH disease. It can also be acquired, under rare circumstances. Due to the low occurrence of α -thalassemia, the disease can be mistaken for iron deficiency anemia.
Key words:- Haemoglobin H disease, Alpha Thalassemia, Iron deficiency anemia.
References:-
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8. Delft van P, Lenters E, Bakker-Verweij M, de KM, Baylan U, Harteveld CL, Evaluating five dedicated automatic devices for haemoglobinopathy diagnostics in multi-ethnic populations. Int J Lab Hematol 2009, 31:484-95.
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Copyright © 2013 Kaler et al.. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original research article:- Community Medicine
Khan Mohd H1*, Khalique N2 & Khan R3.
1Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine,Rohilkhand Medical College Bareilly, UP, India.
2Professor, Department of Community Medicine, JNMC, AMU, Aligarh, U.P,India.
3Associate Professor, Department of periodontology & implantology, IDS Bareilly U.P,India.
Abstract: Background: Newborn thermal care is a critical and essential component of essential newborn care; however, hypothermia continues to remain under-documented, under organized and under managed. Objective: 1. To assesses knowledge and practices of pregnant women to prevent hypothermia. 2. To assesses knowledge of pregnant women regarding signs for intervention and its management in hypothermic newborns. Study design: A community based study. Setting: Field practice areas of Urban Health Training Center Department of Community Medicine, JNMCH, AMU Aligarh. Study period: one year. Participants: 200 pregnant women Sampling: Purposive sampling method. Statistical Analysis: Data analysed with Epi Info version 3.5.1. Percentages, and Chi Square Test used. Results: 100% newborns were wiped dry immediately and were given bath within 6 hours of birth. Rooming-in was practiced by 98.9% mothers. 45.4% deliveries were conducted in warm room. Abnormal temperature of baby was checked by 93% of mothers after birth. Only 25 % mothers had correct knowledge about cold extremities. 24.5% mothers had knowledge about cold abdomen and 9.5% mothers regarding blue extremities. Only 33.5% of mothers had knowledge of skin-to- skin contact. Breastfeeding during transportation was done by 47% mothers. 85% mothers had knowledge about stabilization of temperature of baby during transportation to hospital. Conclusion: There was a poor knowledge and practices among pregnant women regarding hypothermia, in periurban area of Aligarh.
Keywords:- Blue extremities, Cold extremities, Cold abdomen, Skin-to- skin contact,
References:-
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11.Sreeramareddy CT, Joshi HS, Binu VS et al. Home delivery and newborn care practices among urban women in Western Nepal: A questionnaire survey. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2006; 6: 27.
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13.Rahi M, Taneja D, Misra A et al. Newborn care practices in an urban slum of Delhi. Indian Journal of Medical Sciences 2006; 60 (12): 506-10.
14.Kumar R, Agarwal AK. Body temperatures of home delivered newborns in North India. Trop Doctor 1998; 28: 134-6.
15.Dragovich D, Tamburlini G, Alisjahbana A et al .Thermal control of the newborn: knowledge and practice of health professionals in seven countries. Acta Paediatrica 1997; 86: 645-50.
16.Agarwal S, Srivastava K, Sethi V. Maternal and newborn care practices among the urban poor in Indore, India: gaps, reasons and possible program options. Urban health resource centre (New Delhi), 2007: 32.
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19.Communication for behaviour. Indian Journal of Public Health 2002; 46(3): 117-9.
Copyright © 2013 Khan Mohd H et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original research article:-Pulmonary Medicine
Gupta Ashish K1 ,Mehmood Tariq2 & Khan Mohd H3*.
1 Senior resident, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Rural institute of medical sciences & research Safai, Etawa U.P, India.
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Motilal Nehru Medical College (MLNMC), Allahabad, U.P, India.
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Rohilkhand Medical College, Bareilly,(U.P), India.
Abstract:- Background: Both inadequate prescription and non-compliance with antituberculosis drugs have resulted in the emergence of a dreadful known as multi drug resistant (MDR) tuberculosis.
Objective:
1.To find out prevalence of antituberculosis drug resistance pattern in suspected case of drug resistant Tuberculosis.
2. To find out predominant patterns of drug resistance and will useful in provides guidance on appropriate regimes for treatment of MDR tuberculosis.
Study design: Hospital based study. Setting: Department of pulmonary medicine, Motilal Nehru Medical College (MLNMC), Allahabad, (U.P) India. Participants: 52 patients. Sampling: Purposive sampling method. Results: Out of 52 patients 23(44.23 %) were relapse, 22(42.30 %) were treatment failure and 7(13.46 %) were defaulter. Single drug Resistance was in 13 (25.49 %) patients. Single drug resistance to isoniazid in 7(13.7%) patient, Ethambutol 5(9.8%) patient and in streptomycin 1(1.96) patient. 10 (19.6%) patients were two drug resistance. The most common two drug combination pattern was isoniazid and ethambutol in 4(7.84%) patients followed by isoniazid and Pyrazinamide in 2(3.92) patients and in 1(1.96%) patients each of HR, RS, ZS and ES. 11 patients were 3 drug resistance. Most common three drug pattern was HZE and HRS 3(5.9%) each. five (9.8%) patients were 4 and >4 drugs resistance. Most common combination was HRZE in 2 (3.92%). Conclusion: There is an urgent need for timely identification of suspect of drug resistance by early referral for culture and drug sensitivity test for prompt initiation of appropriate treatment to improve outcome as well as to sever the chain of transmission.
Keywords:- Single drug resistance, Multi drug resistance, Defaulter, Treatment failure, Relapse.
References:-
1.Surendra K. Sharma, Alladi Mohan. Tuberculosis 1st Edition 2001. Jaypee Brother Medical Publisher (P) Ltd. New Delhi, India
2.Pabloz-Mendez A, Raviglione MC, Laszle A. Binkin N, Rieder HL, Bustreo F. et al. Global surveillance for anti tuberculosis- drug resistance 1994-1997. N Eng J Med. 1998; 338: 1641-9.
3.Espinal M. Multi drug resistant tuberculosis: basis for the development of an evidence based case management strategy for Multi drug resistant tuberculosis within the WHO DOTS strategy. Proceedings of 1998 meeting and protocol recommendations, Geneva WHO 1999.
4.Espinal M. Raviglione M, Kochi A. Rational DOTS plus for the control of Multi drug resistance International J tuberculosis and lung disease 1999; 3: 561-3.
5.Desiree TB D'souza, Nerges F Mistry et al. High level of multi drug resistant tuberculosis in new and treatment failure patients from the revised national tuberculosis control programme in an urban metropolis (Mumbai) in Western India. BMC Public health 2007;10: 1186/1471 2458-9-211.
6.Lt. Col. RB Deoskar et al. Study of drug resistant pulmonary tuberculosis. MJAFI 2005; 61: 245-8.
7.Dam. T, M. Isa, and M. Bose et al. Drug sensitivity profile of clinical mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates-a retrospective study from a chest disease institute India. Journal of Medical microbiology 2005; 54: 269-71.
8.Saha AR, Agarwal SK, Saha KV. Study of drug resistance in previously treated tuberculosis patient in Gujarat, India (2000-2001). International J. of Tuberculosis and Lung disease 2002; 6 (12):1098-1101.
9.Hanif M, Malik S, Dhingra VK (2006). Acquired drug resistance pattern in tuberculosis cases at the state tuberculosis centre, Delhi, India. Int. J. tuber and lung diseases 2009;13(1): 74-8.
10.Anuradha B et al. Prevalence of drug resistance under the DOTS strategy in Hyderabad. South India, 2001-2003. International Journal of tuberculosis and lung disease 2006 Jan, 10(1): 58-62.
11.Javed A. Malik et al. Study of anti mycobacterium drug resistance in pulmonary tuberculosis in Kashmir, India Jr. for the Practicing Doctor 5 ( 4) :2008-09.
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13.B. Malhotra et al. Drug susceptibility profile of mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates at Jaipur. India Jr. of Medical microbiology. 2002;20 (2): 76-8.
Copyright © 2013 Gupta Ashish K,Mahmood Tariq & Khan Mohd H. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Letter to editor
Dr. Ruby Khan
Associate Professor, Department of Periodontology & implantology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Bareilly, UP, India.
*Correspondence address:
Dr. Ruby Khan,
Associate Professor,
Department of Periodontology & Implantology,
Institute of Dental Sciences, Bareilly, U.P., India.
Original research article:- Community Medicine
Aditya Suryabhan Berad* & Prabhakar Gangadhar Anwekar.
1Associate Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Mamata Medical College, Khammam, Andhra Pradesh—452016, India.
2Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Index Medical College, Indore, Madhya Pradesh-452016, India.
Abstract:- Aims and objective of study: To study the co- morbidities in children (0-6 years age) and malnutrition in rural area. Material and methods: The study was carried out in the two adopted villages coming in the field practice area of rural health training center of medical college in Indore district of Madhya Pradesh. Data was collected from 231 children and their mothers regarding socio-demographic profile, immunization, morbidity profile, dietary history and child feeding practices by using predesigned and pretested interview proforma. Anthropometric measurements of child were also done. Results: The proportion of children having stunting (37.66%), wasting (41.12%) and underweight (51.94%), anaemia (58.44%), calorie deficit (60.60%) and incomplete immunization status (35.93%) was found to be high in rural areas of Indore district, Madhya Pradesh, India. Conclusion: More emphasis needs to be given to the child health services in the district particularly rural areas to improve the coverage as well as utilization of the child health services through the primary health care system.
Keywords:- Co-morbidities, Malnutrition, Children.
References:-
1.WHO. UNICEF, UNFPA (2004). Maternal Mortality in 2004. Estimates developed by WHO. UNICEF and UNFPA.
2.Nutrition in India. National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3), India, 2005-06. Mumbai: International Institute for Population Sciences; Calverton, Maryland, USA: ICF Macro.
3.UNICEF (2009). State of World's Children 2009.
4.Jelliffe DB. The assessment of the nutritional status of the community. Geneva: World Health Organisation Monograph series; 1966.
5.Rakesh Kumar, Pradeep R.Deshmukh, Bishan S. Garg. Incidence and correlates of ‘growth faltering among 0-6 y children: A Panel study from Rural Wardha. Indian J Pediatr ( March 2012) 79(3): 333-41.