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Case report & Literature review:- Radiology
Nagarajan K 1*, Muthu S2 & Sushma Nayar3
Departments of Radiology1, General Surgery2 & Pathology3, Chettinad Hospital & Research Institute, Rajiv Gandhi Salai (IT Highway) Kelambakkam, Kanchipuram Dt Tamil Nadu – 603103 India.
Abstract:- Gastro-intestinal carcinoids are common in the ileo-appendiceal region and produce typical appearance of ‘spiculated’ margins in Computed Tomography (CT). Metastasis to liver leads to systemic carcinoid syndrome. We present a case of ileal mesentric carcinoid which was initially suspected as bowel mass and review the literature to underline the importance of identifying the characteristic CT appearance in view of complications associated with biopsy and surgery of such lesions.
Key Words:- Mesentric carcinoid, Imaging, CT, Liver Metastases, Surgery, Biopsy, Complications.
References:-
1.Kalia V, Saggar K, Sandhu P, Ahluwalia A, Vibhuti. Carcinoid tumor of the Ileum. IJRI Indian J Radiol Imag 2006; 16: 503-4.
2.Woodard PK, Feldman JM, Paine SS, Baker ME. Midgut carcinoid tumors: CT findings and biochemical profiles. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 1995; 19(3): 400-5.
3.Buckley JA, Fishman EK. CT evaluation of small bowel neoplasms: spectrum of disease. Radiographics 1998; 18(2): 379-92. 4.Rioux M, Langis P, Naud F. Sonographic appearance of primary small bowel carcinoid tumor. Abdom Imag 1995; 20(1): 37-43.
5.Pantongrag-Brown L, Buetow PC, Carr NJ, Lichenstein JE, Buck JL. Calcification and fibrosis in mesentric carcinoid tumor: CT findings and pathologic correlation. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1995; 206 (6): 387-91.
6.Nikou GC, Lygidakis NJ, Toubanakis C, et al. Current diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal carcinoids in a series of 101 patients: the significance of serum chromogranin-A, somatostatin receptor scintigraphy and somatostatin analogues. Hepatogastroenterology 2005; 52(63): 731-41.
7.Rappeport ED, Hansen C Palnaes, Kjaer A, Knigge U. Multidetector Computed Tomography and Neuroendocrine Pancreaticoduodenal Tumors. Acta Radiol 2006; 47(3): 248-56.
8.Boudreaux JP, Putty B, Frey DJ, et al. Surgical treatment of advanced-stage carcinoid tumors: lessons learned. Ann Surg 2005; 241(6): 839-45;
9.Kvols LK, Martin JK, Marsh HM, Moertel CC. Rapid reversal of carcinoid crisis with a somatostatin analogue. N Engl Med 1985; 313: 1229-30.
10.Ahlman H, Ahlund L, Sahlstrom A, et al. Use of a somatostatin analogue in association with surgery and hepatic arterial embolisation in the treatment of carcinoid syndrome. Br J Cancer 1987; 56:840-2.
11.Bissonnette RT, Gibney RG, Berry BR, Buckley AR. Fatal Carcinoid Crisis after Percutaneous Fine-Needle Biopsy of Hepatic Metastasis: Case Report and Literature Review. Radiology 1990; 174: 751-2.
12. Mason RA, Steane PA. Carcinoid syndrome: its relevance to the anesthetist. Anesthesia 1976; 31: 228-42.
Copyright © 2013 Nagarajan K, Muthu S & Sushma Nayar. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article:-
M. El-ajaily1*, A. Maihub2 , A. Etorki 2 , S. Ben-Saber3 & M. Elmajani2
1Chemistry department, Faculty of Science, Benghazi University, Benghazi, Libya.
2 Chemistry department, Faculty of Science, Tripoli University, Tripoli, Libya.
3 Pharm. Chemistry, Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tripoli University, Tripoli, Libya.
Abstract:- The condensation of amino group of aniline or substituted aniline with carbonyl group of salicylaldehyde or 4-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde in the presence of phenolic or benzylic hydroxyl groups can be prepared. The complexes containing such Schiff bases can be synthesised by direct mixing of the Schiff base with metal ions in appropriate organic solvents using microwave and reflux techniques. Metal ions such as, Zn(II) and Cd(II) ions can be introduced to get the corresponding metal complexes. The elucidation and the study of the resulted compounds performed, with different physiochemical tools, such as, elemental analyses, infrared and electronic spectroscopies. Conductivity, as well as magnetic moments. The CHN elemental analyses defined the fact that the formation of the Schiff bases and their complexes are in 1:1 [ M:L] ratio. The infrared spectral data of the obtained Schiff bases and their complexes displayed the proper coordination sites between the metal ions and the Schiff bases. The electronic spectral results confirmed the structure of synthesized complexes to be octahedral geometry with respect to each metal ion. The molar conductivity measurements revealed the property of the complexes to be non-electrolyte in nature.
Keywords:- Salicylaldehyde, 2-aminophenol, 2-aminobenzyl alcohol, Schiff Bases, Zinc,Cadmium, Complexes.
References:-
1.Lee, J.; "Concise of Inorganic Chemistry", 4th ed. Chapman and Hall Ltd., London (1991).
2.Chohan, Z. and Kausar, S., Chem., pharm., Bull., Japan, 1993;41: 951.
3.Zishen, W., Zhiping, L. and Zhenhuan, M., , Transn., Met. Chem., 1993; 18: 291.
4.Barton, D. and Ollis, W., “Comprehensive Organic. Chemistry”, 3th ed., Pergamon press Ltd. Oxford, UK (1979).
5.Greay, W., Coord. Chem. Rev. 971:7:81.
6.Kaya, I., Ercag. A. and Culhaoglu, S.; Turk. J. Chem., 2007; 31: 55 – 63.
7.EL-ajaily, M., Maihub, A., Hudere, S. and Ben–saber, S., Asian Journal of Chemistry 2006; 18 (4):2427-30.
8.Budige, G., Puchakayala, M., Kongara, S., Hu R. and Vadde, R., Chem. Pharm. Bull. 2011; 59 (2): 166-71.
9.Chadra S., and Kumar, U., Spectrochimica Acta 2005; 61 A, 219 . 10.Sulikowska, D. and Malinowska, A., Polish J. Chem 2002;76, 1047–52.
Research article:- Oral Pathology
Ashok V1*, Prashant Babaji2, Nagarathna S3, Dilip Dhamankar4, Kiran Keswani5 & Raghavendra M Shetty6.
1Professor & HOD, Department of Oral Pathology, Bangalore Institute of Dental Sciences, Bangalore, India.
2Associate Professor, Department of Pedodontics,5Senior Lecturer Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Vyas Dental College, Jodhpur, India.
3Professor , Department of Periodontics, Maharana Pratap Dental College, Gwalior, India.
4Professor & HOD, Department of Prasthodontics, NIMS Dental College, Jaipur, India.
6Professor, Department of Pedodontics, Chattisgarh Dental College, Rajanandagaon, India.
Abstract:- Syndecans are a family of integral membrane proteoglycans that participate in cell-matrix interactions and growth factor binding. The down regulation of syndecan-1 may offer the cell a possibility to detach and to invade. As the differentiation of cancer decreases, the expression of syndecan-1 also decreases. In our study we evaluated 63 cases of oral cancer for Syndecan-1 expression which comprised of 36 cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma and 27 cases of verrucous carcinoma. It was seen that the syndecan-1 expression showed a definite down regulation in squamous cell carcinoma and verrucous carcinoma. The staining intensity and percentage of positive cases decreased with increase in severity of squamous cell carcinoma.
Key words:- Squamous cell carcinoma, Syndecan-1, Verrucous carcinoma.
References:-
1.Bartold P M, Narayanan A S. Proteoglycans. Biology of the Periodontal Connective Tissues, Quintessence Publication.1998
2.Bernfield M et al. Biology of the syndecans. Annu. Rev Biochem.1992; 8: 365-93.
3.Soukka T et al. Reduction of syndecan-1 expression is associated with dysplastic oral epithelium. J Oral Pathol Med. 2000; 29: 308-13.
4.Jalkanen M, Rapraeger A, Saunders S et al. Cell surface Proteoglycan of Mouse Mammary Epithelial Cells is shed by Cleavage of its Matrix – binding Ectodomain from its Membrane Associated Domain.J. Cel Biol. 1987; 105: 3087-96.
5.Inki P et al. Immunohistochemical localization of syndecan-1. In normal and Pathological Human uterine Cervix. J. Pathol.1994; 172: 349-55.
Copyright © 2013 Ashok V et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article:-Pharmacology
1Associate professor, Department of Pharmacology, 2Associate professor, Department of Anatomy, Jhalawar medical college, Jhalawar, Rajasthan, India.
Abstract:- Background:- There is great controversy about role of male sex hormone, testosterone, in Psychotic mental disorders like schizophrenia. This study assessed the effectiveness of testosterone in schizophrenic patients and probes how it modulates the action of standard anti-psychotic medication Chlorpromazine which is commonly used in Clinical Psychiatric practice. Methods, a. Design and Setting:- -Randomized, Double-blind, Controlled Clinical study performed in collaboration with Department of Clinical Psychiatry from Feb 2003 to March 2004 in M.Y.H Hospital (Teaching hospital) associated with M.G.M. Medical College, Indore. b. Subjects - twelve patients aged 20 to 60 years diagnosed Schizophrenics according to ICD-10 Criteria who visited in outpatient department of psychiatry during study period. c. Interventions - Patients was treated with Oral Chlorpromazine 200 mg BD, half of the 12 patients also received single dose of testosterone esters 100mg intramuscularly with above-mentioned treatment .d. Outcome Measure - how symptomology in schizophrenic patients affected is measured by applying various valid psychiatric rating scales like Brief psychiatric Rating Score (BPRS) , Scale for assessment of positive symptom(SAPS), and Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) . Basal reading is followed by treatment intervention and then scales are used to measure the effect every week for 3 weeks. Paired‘t’ test is used for determining level of significance (p value) of intervention. Results: - Single dose of Testosterone 100 mg administered initially by I.M. route potentiated the reduction level in negative symptoms of schizophrenia by 115% in patients receiving chlorpromazine 200 mg. Conclusion:- In this study, Testosterone potentiated the effects of Chlorpromazine 200 mg, on general psychotic manifestations, positive symptoms and negative symptoms of schizophrenia, assessed on BPRS, SAPS and SANS scoring scales. The most significant is the effect on negative symptoms as measured by SANS.
Keywords:- Testosterone, Schizophrenia, Chlorpromazine.
References:-
1.Kaplan HI, sadock’s BJ, comprehensive Glossary of psychiatry and psychology .Baltimore, MD: Williams and Wilkins; 1995.
2.Brady N, McCain GC. Living with schizophrenia: a family perspective. Online J Issues Nurs 2004; 10:7.
3.Crow TJ: the Two syndrome concept: origins and current status .schizophr Bull 1985; 11: 471.
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9.Eto K, Kimura H: The production of hydrogen sulfide is regulated by testosterone and S-Adenosyl-L-methionine in mouse brain. J Neurochem 2002 Oct; 83(1):80-6.
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13.58. O’Connor DB, Archer J, Hair WM, Wu FC. Exogenous testosterone, aggression, and mood in eugonadal and hypogonadal men. Physiol Behav 2002; 75:557–66.
Copyright © 2013 Vijaywargia Tarun & Sharma Gopal. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Review article:- Orthodontics
Gupta Akshay1, Sharma Rakesh2, Kumar Piush3 & Chandra Pavan Kumar4
1PG Student (Orthodontics),2Professor,3Reader,4Professor and Head, Department of Orthodontics &Dentofacial Orthopedics, I.T.S-C.D.S.R, Muradnagar Ghaziabad,India.
Abstract:- Many patients today are taking a range of medications and nutritional supplements that can influence orthodontic treatment. Any pharmacologic agent or supplement consumed by patients can reach the periodontal tissues through the circulation and thus interact with and influence a cell’s response to orthodontic forces. These agents may have the effect of potentiating or inhibiting tooth movement as well as exacerbating or reducing root resorption. Orthodontic treatment is based on the principle that when force is delivered to a tooth and thereby transmitted to the adjacent investing tissues, certain mechanical, chemical, and cellular events take place within these tissues, which allow for structural alterations and contribute to the movement of that tooth. Molecules present in drugs and nutrients consumed regularly by patients can reach the mechanically stressed paradental tissues through the circulation and interact with local target cells. The combined effect of mechanical forces and one or more of these agents may be inhibitory, additive, or synergistic. This article discusses in detail the various drugs that can bring about alterations in the desired orthodontic tooth movement.
Keywords:- Paradental tissues, pharmacological agent, periodontal tissues.
References:-
1.Masella RS, Meister M. Current concepts in the biology of orthodontic tooth movement. Am J OrthodDentofacialOrthop 2006;129:458-68.
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5.Ishnan V, Davidovitch Z. The effect of drugs on orthodontic tooth movement. OrthodCraniofac Res 2006;9:163-71.
6.Arias OR, Marquez-Orozco MC. Aspirin, acetaminophen, and ibuprofen: their effects on orthodontic tooth movement. Am J OrthodDentofacialOrthop 2006;130:364-70.
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11.Kale S, Kocadereli I, Atila P, Asan E. Comparison of the effects of 1,25 -dehydroxycholecalciferol and prostaglandin E2 on orthodontic tooth movement. Am J Orthod 2004;125:607-14.
12.Kawakami M, Takamo-Yamamoto T. Local injection of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 enhanced bone formation for tooth stabilization after experimental tooth movements in rats. J of Bone and Mineral Metabolism 2004;22:541-6.
13.Krishnan V, Davidovitch Z. The effect of drugs on orthodontic tooth movement. OrthodCraniofac Res 2006;9:163-71.
14.Shirazi M, Dehpour AR, Jafari F. The effect of thyroid hormone on orthodontic tooth movement in rats. J ClinPediatr Dent 1999;23:259-64.
15.Krishnan V, Davidovitch Z. The effect of drugs on orthodontic tooth movement. OrthodCraniofac Res 2006;9:163-71.
16.Madan MS, Liu ZJ, Gu GM, King GJ. Effects of human relaxin on orthodontic tooth movement and periodontal ligaments in rats. Am J Orthod 2007;131:8.e1-8.10.
17.Soma S, Iwamoto M, Higuchi Y, Kurisu K. Effects of continuous infusion of PTH on experimental tooth movement in rats. J Bone Miner Res 1999;14:546-54.
18.Kalia S, Melsen B, Verna C. Tissue reaction to orthodontic tooth movement in acute and chronic corticosteroid treatment. OrthodCraniofac Res 2004;7:26-34.
19.Shdayfat NB. Effects of drugs on periodontal tissue remodeling and clinical responses to orthodontic mechanotherapy. Pak Oral and Dental J 2011;31:379-88.
20.Karsten J, Hellsing E. Effect of phenytoin on periodontal tissues exposed to orthodontic force--an experimental study in rats. Br J Orthod 1997;24:209-15.
Copyright © 2013 Gupta Akshay et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.