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Clinical case report:-Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics.
Chougule Kishor Adinath1* & Shetti Shraddha Subhash2
1Professor and Post-graduate Teacher, 2Post-graduate student, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tatyasaheb Kore Dental College and Research Centre, New Pargaon, Kolhapur, India.
Abstract:- A set of identical male triplets was studied. Lateral cephalograms, study models and facial photographs were taken and assessed for various traits. When all the records were assessed, two of the triplets showed more similarity than the third one, comparatively. This supports the hypothesis that heredity is not the sole controlling factor and the phenotype is inevitably the result of both genetic and environmental factors.
Keywords:- Triplets, Genetics, Inheritance, Heredity.
References:-
1.Wilcox M.A, D.F.Wyszynski et al. Emperically derived phenotypic subgroups –qualitative and quantitative trait analysis. BMC Genet 4 Suppl.1:S15.
2.Lauweryns I., Carels et al. The use of twins in dentofacial genetic research. Am .J. Orthod Dentofac Orthop 1993;103(1):33-8.
3.Mossey P.A, “The heritability of malocclusion: Part 2 The influence of genetics in malocclusion” Journal of Orthodontics Sept1999;6 (3):195-203.
4.Hunter W.S. “A study of the inheritance of craniofacial characteristics as seen in lateral cephalograms of 72 like sexed twins”. European orthodontic society report of congress, 41, 59-70.
5.Menezes et al “Genetic influences on dentition and dental arch dimensions: a study of monozygotic and dizygotic triplets” Am. J. of physical Anthropology 1974; 40( 2): 213-9.
6.Markovic & Trisovic “Monozygotic triplets with discordance for same traits” European J. of Orthod 1979; 1(3):189-92.
7.Leighton B.C., “Dental arch development in a set of triplets” European Journal of Orthodontics 1992;14:273-9.
Competent interest:- The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Source of funding:-None.
Copyright © 2013 Chougule K Adinath & Shetti S Subhash . This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article:-
Vijaywargia Tarun1*, Sharma Gopal2 & Madhusudan Swarnkar3
1Associate professor, Department of Pharmacology, 2Associate professor, Department of Anatomy, 3Assistant professor, Dept of PSM, Jhalawar medical college, Jhalawar, Rajasthan, India.
Abstract: Background– In the series of clinical studies conducted to evaluate effect of male sex hormone Testosterone in patient of schizophrenia(most common psychosis) and the way this hormone interact with anti-psychotic drugs , this was second study conducted by department of pharmacology in collaboration with department of Clinical Psychiatry. In this study the second generation anti-psychotic drug Risperidone is used. The aim of study focused to prove testosterone is useful adjuvant in schizophrenia and can be safely used with anti-psychotic drugs Risperidone. Methods – a. Design and Setting - Double-blind, RCT performed in Indian patients diagnosed of schizophrenia from Feb 2003 to March 2004 in teaching Hospital associated with M.G.M.M.C Indore. b. Subjects:-12 patients aged 20 to 60 years diagnosed schizophrenics according to ICD-10 Criteria, visited in outpatient department of Clinical psychiatry during study period. c. Pharmacological Interventions:- All patients were treated with oral Risperidone 2mg BD, in half of the 12 patient’s single dose of testosterone 100mg intramuscularly also administered. d. Measurement of patient outcomes:– validated psychiatric rating scales are used to evaluated the effect of pharmacological interventions on symptomology of schizophrenic patients .Scales used in clinical study are Brief psychiatric Rating Score (BPRS) , Scale for assessment of positive symptom(SAPS),and Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS). The data is recorded, reported and than analyzed with a help of statistician. Results: - Single dose of 100 mg I.M. initially testosterone potentiated the reduction level in negative symptoms of schizophrenia by 112% in Risperidone 2mg BD. Conclusion:- In this study, testosterone potentiated the effects of Risperidone 2mg BD on general psychotic manifestations, positive symptoms and negative symptoms of schizophrenia, as assessed on BPRS, SAPS and SANS scoring scales, specifically the major effect is on negative symptoms of schizophrenia. There is no increase in side effects as compared to control group.
Key words- Testosterone, Schizophrenia, Risperidone.
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9.Shores TJ, Miesegaes G: Testosterone in utero and at birth dictates how stressful experience will affect learning in adulthood. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2002 Oct 15;99(21):13955-60.
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Copyright © 2013 Vijaywargia Tarun et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article:- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery
Khaji. Shahanavaj. I*
Lecturer, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Tatyasaheb Kore Dental College & Research Centre, Mahatma gandhi hospital campus, New Pargaon- 416137. Kolhapur , Maharastra,India.
Abstract:- Background and objectives: In the last 15 years, the perception of transfusion of allogeneic blood in the surgical setting has moved from a benign intervention, sometimes life-saving, to an outcome to be avoided. The risks associated with allogenic blood transfusion are increasing recognized. Since then, an extensive literature has developed on the indications for, risks of, and alternatives to transfusion of allogeneic blood. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects & practical Limits of acute standardized normovolemic hemodilution in patients undergoing elective major maxillofacial surgery. Patients and methods: A total of 15 patients (7 Males, 8 Females, with age ranging from 17-30 years) undergoing elective major oral surgical procedures were randomly assigned for study evaluation. Following induction of general anesthesia, sequestration of 3-5mg/kg of fresh autologous blood was withdrawn anesthetist’s supervision. Blood was collected from peripheral venous lines into bags containing citrate-phosphate-dextrose-adenine-1 anticoagulant, labeled according to published guidelines and replaced simultaneously with a peripheral infusion of crystalloids at volume ratio. Transfusion requirements & post operative complications were recorded on the medical chart. Results & observations: In none of the patients (n=15) significant complications were evident except for in two patients (13%) who had low hemoglobin values post-operatively which were observed in 1st post-operative day. Two units of allogeneic blood were administered in two patients post-operatively. Retransfusion of ANH blood had no significant effect on clotting variables. Conclusion: In summary, the results of this study demonstrate that a standardized ANH harvesting a fixed volume of 350 – 500 ml of whole blood & not targeting a specific, low post ANH – hemoglobin can be considered as a safe, low time consuming & economic allogeneic blood conservation that could be offered to patients undergoing elective maxillofacial surgery, unless severe contra-indications are present. Meanwhile, further studies are necessary to define the efficacy & benefits of autologous transfusion after major elective surgical procedures. Meanwhile, further prospective clinical trials are needed to define the efficacy & benefits of autologous transfusion in major maxillofacial surgeries.
Keywords:- Acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH); Isovolemic hemodilution; Autologous blood transfusion; Elective major maxillofacial surgeries.
References:-
1.AuBuchon JP, Birkmeyer JD, Busch MP. . Safety of the blood supply in the United States: opportunities and controversies. Ann Intern Med 1997; 127(10):904-9.
2.Goodnough LT, Brecher ME, Kanter MH, AuBuchon JP. Transfusion medicine. First of two parts--blood transfusion. N Engl J Med 1999; 340(6):438-47.
3.Gray C. Long before Krever's report, blood scare had changed face of medicine. CMAJ 1998; 158(1):89-91.
4.Dietz NM, Joyner MJ, Wa rner MA. Blood substitutes: fluids, drugs, or miracle solutions? Anesth Analg 1996; 82(2):390-405.
5.Joanne Bennet,Sarah Haynes, Francesco Torella et al. ANH in Moderate Blood Loss Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Transfusion 2006; 46:1097-1103.
6.Rottman G, Ness PM. Acute normovoemic hemodilution is a legitimate alternative to allogeneic blood transfusion. Transfusion 1998; 38(5):477-80.
7.Bryson GL, Laupacis A, Wells GA. Does acute normovolemic hemodilution reduce Perioperative allogenic transfusion? A meta-analysis. The International Study of Perioperative Transfusion. Anesth Analg 1998; 86(1):9-15.
8.Johnson LB, Plotkin JS, Kuo PC. Reduced transfusion requirements during major hepatic resection with use of intraoperative isovolemic hemodilution. Am J Surg 1998; 176(6):608-11.
9.Kramer AH, Hertzer NR, Beven EG. Intraoperative hemodilution during elective vascular reconstruction. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1979; 149(6):831-6.
10.Goodnough LT, Brecher ME, Kanter MH, AuBuchon JP.Transfusion medicine. Second of two parts--blood conservation [see comments]. N Engl J Med 1999; 340(7):525-33.
11.Sandrelli L, Pardini A, Lorusso R, Sala ML, Licenziati M, Alfieri O. Impact of autologous blood predonation on a comprehensive blood conservation program. Ann Thorac Surg 1995; 59:730-5.
12.Schaller RT, Schaller J, Morgan A, Furman BE. Hemodilution anesthesia: A valuable aid to major cancer surgery in children. The American Journal of Surgery 1983; 146:79-84.
13.De Oliveira GS, Tenorio SB, Cumino DO et al. Acute normovolemic hemodilution in children submitted to posterior spinal fusion. Rev Bras Anestesiol 2004; 54(1):84-90.
14.Copley LA, Richards BS, Safavi FZ, Newton PO. Hemodilution as a method to reduce cost and transfusion requirements in adolescent spinal fusion surgery. Spine 1999; 24:219–22.
15.Grange CS, Douglas MJ, Adams TJ, Wads worth LD. The use of acute hemodilution in parturients undergoing cesarean section. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1998; 178:156-60.
16.Herbert WN, Owen HG, Collins ML. Autologous blood storage in obstetrics. Obstet Gynecol 1988; 72(2):166-70.
17.G Rubbs PE, Jr., Marini CP, Fleischer A. Acute hemodilution in an anemic Jehovah's Witness during extensive abdominal wall resection and reconstruction. Ann Plast Surg 1989; 22(5):448-51.
18.Halonen P, Linko K, Myllyla G. A study of haemostasis following the use of high doses of hydroxyethyl starch 120 and dextran in major laparotomies.Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1987; 31(4):320- 4.
19.Habler O, Schwenzer K, Zimmer K et al. Effects of standardized acute normovolemic hemodilution on intraoperative allogeneic blood transfusion in patients undergoing major maxillofacial surgery. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2004; 33:467-75.
20.Ueki K, Marukawa K, Shimada M, Nakagawa K, Yamamoto E. The assessment of blood loss in orthognathic surgery for prognathia. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2005; 63:350-54.
Copyright © 2013 Khaji Shahanavaj. I. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article:- Biosciences
Jyoti Rana1*, Pushpa Thakur1 & M.S.Thakur2
1IIHS, Himachal Pradesh University Shimla, Himachal Pradesh -171005, India.
2Department of Biosciences, Himachal Pradesh University Shimla-171005, India.
Abstract:-
The succession of necrophilous insects on Sus scrofa Linnaeus kept in two different environments viz., grassland and aquatic were investigated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the decomposition rate, insect succession, taxonomic identification and to study the life history of Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius, 1784) on two pig carrion. Three species of Calliphoridae i.e. Chrysomya rufifacies (Maquart), Calliphora vicina Robineou-Desvoidy and Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) were collected from the two pig carrion. The species found to be more pronounced in both the environment was Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius). Due to their abundance in both the environments life history has also been noted during whole decomposition. A total number of 462 specimens were collected from the grassland and 476 from the aquatic environment. The specimen collected belonged to Diptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Dermaptera and Arachnida. Insect fauna associated with aquatic environment were observed more than grassland environment.
Keywords:- Insect Succession, Decomposition, Sus scrofa.
References:-
1.Early, M. and Goff, M. L. Arthropod succession patterns in exposed carrion on the Island of Oahu, Hawaiian Island, USA. Journal of Medical Entomology 1986; 23: 520-31.
2.Grassberger, M. and Frank, C. Initial study of arthropod succession on pig carrion in a central European urban habitat. Journal of Medical Entomology 2008; 41: 511-23.
3.Keh, B. Scope and applications of forensic entomology. Annual Review of Entomology, 1985; 30: 137-54.
4.Lord, W. D. and Burger, J. F. Arthropod associated with Herring Gull and Great Black-backed Gull carrion on Island in the Gulf of Maine. Environmental Entomology 1984; 13(5): 1261-8.
5.Payne, J. A. Summer carrion study of the baby Pig Sus scrofa Linnaeus . Ecology 1965; 46: 592-602.
6.Smith, K.G.V. 1986. A manual of Forensic Entomology. British Museum (Natural History) and Cornell University Press, London: 205pp.
7. Tantawi, T. I., El-Kady, E. M., Greenberg, B., and El-Ghaffar, H. A. Arthropod succession on exposed rabbit carrion in Alexandria, Egypt. Journal of Medical Entomolog 1996; 33: 566-80.
8.Turner B, and Witshire, P. Experimental validation of forensic evidence: a study of the decomposition of buried pigs in a heavy clay soil 1999; Forensic Science International, 101(2): 113-22.
Copyright © 2013 M S Thakur. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article:-
Mandal Bimal1,Bain Jayanta2*,Das Rina3,Lal Shyam4 & Ahmed Shamshad5
1RMO cum Clinical Tutor,Department of ENT,3Demonstrator,Department of Microbiology, Calcutta National Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, WB, India.
2Senior Resident, Department of Cardiothoracic & Vascular Surgery, PGIMER & Dr.RML Hospital, New Delhi, India.
4Associate Professor, PGIMES & ESI Hospital, Basidarapore, New Delhi, India.
5Senior Resident, Department of Preventive & Social Medicine, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
Abstract:- Background: Type-I tympanoplasty is one of the most common surgery performed by an ENT & Head-Neck surgeon with a variable success rates. An open randomized control study was conducted to evaluate the clinical effect of peri-operative vitamin A and vitamin C supplement in type-I tympanoplasty. Materials & Method: 120 cases of chronic inflammatory middle ear disease with central perforation were selected. Half of them (60 cases, Group-X) received 9 weeks peri-operative vitamin A and C supplements, another 60 cases (Group-Y) patients received placebo. For perforation closure, Type-I tympanoplasty using temporalis fascia was done for all cases. Results: Overall perforation closure was 56 (98.25%) vs 50 (86.21%) [2=5.776, p=0.016] and normal hearing was attained in 50(87.72) vs 30 (51.72%) [2=17.59, p=0.000] between group X and Y. Conclusion: This study suggests that peri-operative supplements of vitamin A and vitamin C can be used to achieve a good clinical success in type-I tympanoplasty.
Key words:- Chronic middle ear disease, Type-I tympanoplasty, Temporalis fascia graft, Vitamin A, Vitamin C.
References:-
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Copyright © 2013 Bain Jayanta et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.