DocumentsDate added
Original article:-Microbiology
B. Appalaraju1, Anila A.Mathews2* & Priya P3
1Professor and Head, 2Associate professor, 3MBBS Student, Department of microbiology, PSGIMS&R, Coimbatore, India.
Abstract :-
Background: Typhoid Fever is a severe systemic infection caused by Salmonella typhi. It is endemic in many developing countries, particularly in South East Asia. Clinical diagnosis is often unreliable and isolation of S. typhi through blood culture is still used as the gold standard, although, at its best, the blood culture yield is only 70-75% in cases of typhoid fever. Objective: To evaluate Typhidot test and to compare the results of typhidot test with Blood culture and Widal test and to correlate it clinically Materials and method: A pilot study was carried out on the blood samples that came to our lab during the two months of study with history of typhoid fever or Pyrexia of unknown origin. The Typhidot is a dot ELISA which detects IgM and IgG antibodies against Salmonella typhi. Results: Of the 81 blood samples ,45 were positive for Salmonella typhi infection, 4 were positive for Salmonella paratyphi A , 32 were negative for typhoid fever. Sensitivity and specificity of typhidot for detection of Salmonella typhi infection was 100%and 63% respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of widal test in comparison with blood culture was 82%and 65% respectively Discussion and conclusion: Blood culture is still the gold standard for diagnosis of typhoid fever. Typhidot was found to have a better sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value than Widal test. The results can then be confirmed by blood culture report. This test can be used in areas where facility for blood culture is not available. Since it is an inexpensive test, takes less time in producing results and has excellent sensitivity, it can be used in all labs.
Key Words: Typhidot, typhoid.
References:-
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Copyright © 2013 B. Appalaraju, Anila A.Mathews & Priya P. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article:- Pediatric Emergency
Abdullah Alanazi1*, Faisal Almudhaibery2, Ahmed Almamary2, Bandar Faqihi2, Abdulwahab Alahmeri2, Taha Ismail2 & Hazem Aqel3
1Pediatric Emergency Department, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia.
2Respiratory Therapy Program, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia.
3Clinical Laboratory Program, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia.
Abstract:-
A questionnaire was used to collect data that consists of both opened-closed ended formats that ask about demographic characteristics (e.g. gender, age, educational level and family size). Then the questionnaire asked if the parents gave antibiotics without prescription to their child during the last year. The result showed high prevalence of child receiving non-prescribed antibiotics (NPAB) 43.6% where the female child received more NPAB (p = 0.036) and with group of age between 6 to 10 years also receiving more (p = 0.000). Family size also played important role as the family size become bigger the NPAB usage increase (p = 0.000). The order of child was also related to using NPAB as the first and second child didn’t receive NPAB more than the third child and above (p = 0.002). The fathers tended to give their children NPAB more than the mothers (p = 0.002). The parents' age and educational level were not significantly related to the use of NPAB (p = 0.493), (p = (p = 0.063). The rate of using NPAB in Riyadh city was generally high and was related to child age, gender of both parents and children, educational level, family size and child order in his/her family and it was also related to the knowledge about drug-resistant bacteria and storing antibiotics at home for future uses. Pharmacist and physician were the most source of information that enhanced parents to use NPAB. The main source of obtaining NPAB was private pharmacy. The common reason for using NPAB was that the pediatrician before had prescribed the same drug for the same symptoms also the second most common reason was that the pharmacist recommends the drug. Most parents had not heard about drugs resistant bacteria and this affect the use of NPAB and storing antibiotics at home for future use. The awareness level about using antibiotics and drug-resistant bacteria is generally low where it seems to be the cause of using NPAB and it related to the knowledge about drugs resistant bacteria and parents’ educational level.
Keywords:- Antibiotics, Non-prescribed; Riyadh; Saudi Arabia.
References:-
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Copyright © 2013 Abdullah Alanazi et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article:- Orthopaedics
Abhijeet Shroff1,Subhash R. Puri2,Samar K.Biswas(Col.)3,Anil Salgia4, D. S. Bhamare5 & Harshit Mehta6*.
1Assistant Professor, 2Professor, 3Professor and Head, 4Professor, 5Associate Professor,6Resident, Department of Orthopaedics, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Pimpri, Pune,India.
Abstract:-
Background: The scaphoid is the most frequently fractured carpal bone. These fractures are commonly difficult to diagnose or go undetected. Degenerative changes set in if scaphoid fracture non-union is left untreated. This study evaluates the outcome of scaphoid non-union treated with K wires and bone grafting. Materials and Methods: 28 cases of established non union treated from January 2007 to January 2012 with iliac crest bone grafting and k-wire fixation were selected. Scaphoid non union was both clinically and radio graphically diagnosed .fractures were graded according to herbert’s classification. The data of this study was obtained from medical records of study subjects from Padmashree Dr.D.Y.Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, India. Results: 28 patients could be followed up. There were no intra op complications. One(1) patient developed post operative infection. The study contained 27(96%)male and 1(4%) female subjects. The average age was 29.6 years. Dominant wrist was affected in 26 patients, and non-dominant was affected in 2. Most of the patients showed evidence of radiological union between 14 to 16 weeks. Range from 12 to 23 weeks and an average of 16.40 weeks. Most of the patients 19 (67%) recovered 80% or more of grip strength. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that1) Scaphoid non-union treated with Kirschner-wire fixation and iliac crest bone grafting presents a 90% healing rate at 6 months follow up.2) Scaphoid non-union treatment with Kirschner-wire fixation and iliac crest bone grafting significantly decreases pain and achieves 84% wrist joint motion compared to opposite side.3) Scaphoid bone non-union treatment Kirschner-wire fixation and iliac crest bone grafting yields 75% of satisfactorily functional results.4) Average time for radiological union is 16.40% weeks.
Keywords:- Scaphoid non-union, Kirschner-wire fixation, iliac crest bone grafting.
References:-
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2.Shuind F., Haentjens P., van Innis F., van der Marren C., Garcia-Elias M., Sennwald G.: Prognostic factors in the treatment of carpal scaphoid nonunions. J Hand Surg [Am] 1999;24: 761-76.
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Copyright© 2013 Mehta Harshit et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article:- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Bably Sabina Azhar1, Md. Monirujjaman2, Kazi Saiful Islam3, Md. Jahangir Alam2, Sadia Afrin2, Mohammad Abdullah-Al-Shoeb4, Md. Sabir Hossain3*.
1PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Applied Nutrition and Food Technology, Islamic University, Kustia, Bangladesh.
2MS, Research Officer, Department of Nutritional Biochemistry, icddr, b, Dhaka, Bangladesh. 3MS, Lecturer, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
2MS, Research Officer, Department of Nutritional Biochemistry, icddr, b, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
2MS, Research Officer, Department of Nutritional Biochemistry, icddr, b, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
4MS, Lecturer, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh.
3PhD, Corresponding author, Associate Professor, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Abstract:- Birth weight is a very important factor for the development of a newborn. In developing country like Bangladesh there is a large number of low birth weight (LBW) incidence. Parental socio-demographic and anthropometric factors are very important for baby’s growth. This study was carried out to observe the relationship between maternal socio-demographic factors and anthropometric characteristics with infant birth weight in a sample of mothers and infants from the South-west region of Bangladesh. A total of 343 pregnant women aged between 18-38 years, of who gave birth to live children, participated in our study. We found that age of mother to conceive and maternal education is related to infant birth weight. The percentage of adequate birth weight (3000 g) was found highest (37.9%) within the 26-30 year age group. Incidence of LBW was found highest (52.2%) among mothers who had never gone to school and lowest (0%) for the graduated mothers. Working at the pregnancy period is associated with birth weight of newborn and the incidence of LBW was lowest among the housewife mothers. LBW baby was greater for mothers residing in rural area than urban area. We also found that maternal Body Mass Index (BMI) is also an important factor for birth weight of the newborn and incidence of LBW among the newborn was 0% for the maternal BMI ≥25 before conception and ≥30 before delivery. In conclusion these findings demonstrated that maternal contributing factors towards body weight problems among the newborns. This information’s may be useful for the planning of health and nutrition programs as well as intervention strategies.
Keywords:- Low birth weight (LBW), Body mass index (BMI), Anthropometric.
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Copyright © 2013 Hossain Sabir et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article:- Biochemistry
E. E. Edet1, E. David-Oku1* M.I. Akpanabiatu2, G. O. Igile1, B. Mgbeje1, G. E. Egbung1 & F.E.Uboh1
1Department of Biochemistry, University of Calabar, P.M.B. 1115, Calabar, Nigeria.
2Department of Biochemistry, University of Uyo, P.M.B. 1017, Uyo, Nigeria.
Abstract:-
The effect of Gongronema latifolium crude leaf extract (GL) on serum enzymes was assessed in male diabetic rats. The rats were gavaged with 200, 300 and 400 mgkg-1 b.wt. of GL day-1 for two weeks. Serum was investigated biochemically for AST, ALT, ALP, GGT and LDH activities. Serum ALT, ALP and LDH activities increased significantly (p< 0.001) in alloxan-induced diabetic rats treated with GL when compared to non-diabetic rats. In diabetic rats, serum GGT activity increased significantly (p< 0.05) in the treated animals, whereas serum LDH activity decreased significantly (p< 0.01) when compared to their controls. In diabetic rats also, AST: ALT ratios were higher in the treated animals when compared to the control and showed non-dose dependent decreases in serum AST, ALT, LDH and GGT activities with increased dosage of GL. In non-diabetic rats, serum ALP and LDH activities decreased significantly (p< 0.05) in the treated animals when compared to the control. There were also non-dose dependent decreases in serum AST, ALT, ALP, GGT and LDH activities with increased dosage of GL. AST: ALT ratio was high in treated animals when compared to the control and showed a non-dose dependent increase with increased dosage of GL. Moreover the AST: ALT ratio of test groups and controls of both diabetic and non-diabetic rats were higher than unity or one. The high values of AST: ALT ratio in the serum provided additional evidence for the incidence of myocardial infarction in this study. The actions of the water soluble fraction of the ethanol extract in diabetic and non-diabetic wistar rats suggest different mechanism of action of GL leaf extract.
Key words:- Alloxan-induced diabetes, Gongronema latifolium, Serum enzymes, Myocardial infarction.
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Copyright © 2013 E. David-Oku et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.