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Original article:-Oral Pathology and Microbiology,
Babji Deepa1, Bhat Kishore2*,Nayak Ramakant3 & Ingalgi Preeti4
1Senior lecturer Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Maratha Mandal’s NGH Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Belgaum, Karnataka,India. 2Professor and Head, Department Microbiology Maratha Mandal’s NGH Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Belgaum, Karnataka, India. 3Professor and Head Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology Maratha Mandal’s NGH Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Belgaum, Karnataka,India,4Lecturer, Department of Microbiology Maratha Mandal’s NGH Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Belgaum, Karnataka,India.
Abstract:-
Introduction: Spirochetes play a definitive role in the aetiology of periodontitis. Morphologically they are classified as small, intermediate and large based on their diameter. Different methods have been developed to detect and quantify spirochetes which include microbial culture, immunological assays, enzymatic methods and molecular biology. Immunological methods have the disadvantage of cross reactivity: Enzymatic and molecular methods are expensive. Microscopy such as Fontana staining is one method that can be used in a laboratory set up with minimum cost and also yields useful information about oral spirochetes. Aim: Detection and semi quantification of spirochetes in chronic periodontitis (CP) patients and healthy individuals using Fontana stain.
Material and Methods: The subgingival plaque samples were collected from 50 healthy individuals and 50 CP patients using sterile curette in 100µl of reduced transport fluid. Spirochetes were first detected by the dark field and phase contrast microscopes. For semi quantification plaque samples were diluted to 1:10 and smear was made using 5µl of samples and stained with Fontana method. Counting was done categorizing spirochetes based on their length and diameter using light microscope with micrometer eyepiece. Statistical analysis was done using Mann-Whitney test and Wilcoxon Rank test.
Results: The present study revealed statistically significant difference for their positivity. The small and intermediate spirochetes based on their length were higher in CP patients. The thick spirochetes based on diameter were higher in healthy individuals.
Conclusion: Fontana staining is a useful screening method for detection of spirochetes. It can also be used to assess the cell size, density and post therapy evaluation.
Keywords:- Chronic Periodontitis (CP), Fontana stain, Density, Microscopy, Spirochetes.
References:-
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Copyright © 2013 Babji Deepa et al.. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article:- Biochemistry
E. E. Edet1, E. David-Oku1* M.I. Akpanabiatu2, G. O. Igile1, B. Mgbeje1, G. E. Egbung1 & F.E.Uboh1
1Department of Biochemistry, University of Calabar, P.M.B. 1115, Calabar, Nigeria.
2Department of Biochemistry, University of Uyo, P.M.B. 1017, Uyo, Nigeria.
Abstract:-
The effect of Gongronema latifolium crude leaf extract (GL) on serum enzymes was assessed in male diabetic rats. The rats were gavaged with 200, 300 and 400 mgkg-1 b.wt. of GL day-1 for two weeks. Serum was investigated biochemically for AST, ALT, ALP, GGT and LDH activities. Serum ALT, ALP and LDH activities increased significantly (p< 0.001) in alloxan-induced diabetic rats treated with GL when compared to non-diabetic rats. In diabetic rats, serum GGT activity increased significantly (p< 0.05) in the treated animals, whereas serum LDH activity decreased significantly (p< 0.01) when compared to their controls. In diabetic rats also, AST: ALT ratios were higher in the treated animals when compared to the control and showed non-dose dependent decreases in serum AST, ALT, LDH and GGT activities with increased dosage of GL. In non-diabetic rats, serum ALP and LDH activities decreased significantly (p< 0.05) in the treated animals when compared to the control. There were also non-dose dependent decreases in serum AST, ALT, ALP, GGT and LDH activities with increased dosage of GL. AST: ALT ratio was high in treated animals when compared to the control and showed a non-dose dependent increase with increased dosage of GL. Moreover the AST: ALT ratio of test groups and controls of both diabetic and non-diabetic rats were higher than unity or one. The high values of AST: ALT ratio in the serum provided additional evidence for the incidence of myocardial infarction in this study. The actions of the water soluble fraction of the ethanol extract in diabetic and non-diabetic wistar rats suggest different mechanism of action of GL leaf extract.
Key words:- Alloxan-induced diabetes, Gongronema latifolium, Serum enzymes, Myocardial infarction.
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Copyright © 2013 E. David-Oku et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Case report:-
Sneha S. Desale1, Nandkumar V. Dravid2, Dhiraj B. Nikumbh3*, Dhananjay V. Newadkar4 & Yogesh R. Tayade5
Assistant lecturer1, Prof & HOD2, Associate professor3, Professor4, Assistant lecturer5, Department of Pathology, JMF’s ACPM Medical college and hospital, Dhule, Maharashtra, India.
Abstract:- Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans (DFSP) is a rare, indolent,low grade soft tissue sarcoma with properties of progressive and locally infiltrative growth. Less than 5% of sarcomas appear as primary abdominal wall tumors. DFSP mostly occur over the trunk or proximal extremities. DFSP accounts for <0.01% of all malignancies and <0.1% of all the cutaneous neoplasms. DFSP over an anterior abdominal wall is a rare clinical entity. Herein, we present a case of DFSP over anterior abdominal wall in a 35 year old male, which was diagnosed on histopathology and confirmed on immunohistochemistry. DFSP is a rare dermal malignancy with a propensity to be locally aggressive but rarely metastatic. Hence proper histopathological diagnosis is always warranted in such rare tumor.
Keywords:- Soft tissue sarcoma, Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans,Abdominal wall.
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Copyright © 2013 Nikumbh et al.. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article:-
Asha Peter1*, Jyothis Mathew2 & Shini Zacharia3
1Lecturer, University College of Medical Education, M.G.University, Kottayam.686008,India. 2Ph.D in Microbiology, Professor, School of BioSciences, M.G.University, Kottayam, India 3Mphil in Microbiology, Assistant professor, University college of Medical Education, Kottayam,India.
Abstract:- Background: Mode of transmission of infections with these microorganisms has been attributed to the patient's own flora and other nosocomial routes. Hence the factors helping the enterococci to cause infection are of great value. Aim: This study was done to compare the virulence properties of isolates from clinical sources with those from non clinical sources. Methods: The presence of different virulence factors like hemolysin, lipase, caseinase, gelatinase, lyzosome resistance, DNAse, serum resistance, slime production and biofilm formation in different enterococci strains were screened by different standard methods. Results: Among the different enterococcal isolates tested, clinical isolates exhibited a higher incidence of virulence factors than nonclinical isolates. Faecal strains presented with the lowest incidence of virulence factors as compared with clinical and water strains. E.faecalis strains possessed most of the virulence factors than E.faecium. Conclusion: High incidence of virulence properties in clinical samples may be reason behind their high prevalence in clinical settings. Nevertheless the presence of these virulence factors in nonclinical isolates points to their infection potential.
Key words:- Virulence factors, Enterococcal pathogenicity, slime in enterococci, biofilm in enterococci.
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Copyright © 2013 Asha Peter. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article:- Microbiology
Prashanth HV1, Prakash R2, Girishbabu RJ2,Atiya Kausar3 & Mrs. Veena Krishnamurthy4
1Professor, 2Assistant Professor, 3Post graduate(MD)cum Tutor , 4 Assistant Professor MSc (PhD) , Department of Microbiology, Sri Siddhartha Medical College, Tumkur. – 572107, Karnataka, India.
Abstract:- Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a gram negative bacterium that continues to be a major cause of opportunistic nosocomial infections, causing around 9-10% of hospital infections. The rapid increase of drug resistance in clinical isolates of this opportunistic human pathogen is a worldwide concern. Unfortunately, P. aeruginosa demonstrates resistance to multiple antibiotics, thereby jeopardizing the selection of appropriate treatment. Aims & Objectives: This study was undertaken to find out the antibiotic resistance pattern of pathogenic isolates of P. aeruginosa from various specimens. Settings and Design: Hospital based Prospective study. Materials & Methods: 124 pseudomonas positive samples from various samples were included in this study. Antibiotic susceptibility pattern was tested as per CSLI guidelines. Statistical Analysis: The results were presented using proportions. Results: Highest percentage of P. aeruginosa was isolated in pus samples. The resistance was highest for ceftazidime (79%), followed by ceftriaxone (73%), cefepime (73%), cotrimoxazole (72.3%) and lowest for imipenem (5.1%). The rate of aminoglycoside resistance was found to be relatively high (amikacin- 46.7% & gentamicin 49.5%). Conclusions: P. aeruginosa is one of the most important bacterial pathogen seriously contributing to the problem of healthcare associated infection. Amikacin seems to be a promising therapy for pseudomonas infection. Hence its use should be restricted to serve nosocomial infections in order to avoid rapid emergence of resistance strains. Hence there is a need to emphasize the rational use of antimicrobial & strictly adhere to the concept of reserve drugs to minimize the misuse of available antimicrobials.
Keywords:- Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Antimicrobial susceptibility.
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