DocumentsDate added
Original article:-Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology
Lalita Jayaram Thambiah1* & Satish Kumaran P2
1Professor of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Consultant Oral and Maxillofacial Pathologist,Annasamy Mudaliar General Hospital, Fraser town, Bangalore,India.
2Consultant Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon,Annasamy Mudaliar General Hospital,Fraser town, Bangalore,India.
Abstract:- Malignant tumours which start in one part of the body tend to invade organs not directly connected with that part and develop tumours in them. Destruction of the basement membrane is the first step in tumour invasion and metastasis. The expression of collagen IV protein and the expression of mRNA of collagen IV were studied to ascertain if they correlate. Malignant tissues have a high molecular mass which specifically degrades collagen IV. Many tumourigenic cells synthesize less collagen and larger quantity of proteases including collageneases. It results in the cells becoming less dependent on extracellular matrix for growth. These factors increase their ability to invade.
Keywords:-Well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, metastasis, collagen IV, mRNA expression level.
References:-
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2.Massoumeh Zargaran et al. “Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Type IV Collagen and Laminin-332 γ2 Chain Expression in Well-differentiated Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Oral Verrucous Carcinoma: a New Recommended Cut-off.” Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine (2011) 40:167-73.
3.Michio Tsuda, Yumi Yamagishi and Tsunehiko Katsunuma. “High Molecular Mass Type IV Collagen-specific Metalloprotease from Human Carcinoma Tissue.” Federation of European Biochemical Societies Vol. 232, No.1, 1988: 140-4.
4.Real-time Polymerase chain reaction.
5.Kenneth J.Livak and Thomas D. Schmittgen, “Analysis of Relative Gene Expression Data Using Real-Time Quantitative PCR and the 2-∆∆CT” methods, 2001; 25, 402-8.
6.Timpl, R., Wiedmann, H., von Delden, V., Furthmayr, H and Kuhn, K.: “A Network Model for the Organization of Type IV Collagen Molecules in Basement Membranes.” Eur.J.Biochem 1981; 120:203-11.
7.Hynda K. Kleinman, Robert J. Klebe and George R. Martin. “Role of Collagenous Matrices in Adhesion and Growth of Cells.” The Journal of Cell Biology 1981;88 (March): 473-85.
Copyright © 2013 Lalita Jayaram Thambiah & Satish Kumaran P. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Review article:- Biochemistry
Pallavi Mahajan1*, Kuldip S. Sodhi1, Jasbir Singh2 & Rajesh Pandey3
1Post-graduate student, 2Professor,3Associate Professor, Department of Biochemistry, MM Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana ,India.
Abstract:-
Circadian rhythm is the internal, 24-hour clock and is coordinated by a pacemaker located in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), which is synchronized to the environmental light/dark cycle of 24 h. Circadian clock influences nearly all aspects of physiology and behavior, including sleep-wake cycles, cardiovascular activity, endocrine system, body temperature, renal activity, physiology of the gastrointestinal tract, and hepatic metabolism. Similar clock oscillators have been found in peripheral tissues such as the liver, intestine, heart, and retina. There are two major ways by which metabolic information may reach the SCN: 1) the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous system; and 2) hormones or nutrients, such as glucose, that cross the blood brain barrier. Circadian rhythm disorders are disruptions in a person’s "internal body clock" that regulates the 24-hour cycle of biological processes in animals. The key feature of circadian rhythm disorders is a continuous or occasional disruption of sleep patterns leading to various disorders like delayed sleep phase syndrome, advanced sleep phase syndrome, jet lag and shift work disorder. Disruption to rhythms in the longer term is believed to have significant adverse health consequences on peripheral organs outside the brain, particularly in the development or exacerbation of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and tumor development in several ways, by altering immunocompetence, growth factor expression or the endocrine environment. Future research will continue to focus on expanding our understanding of how brain and peripheral clocks coordinately regulate metabolic processes and the impact of circadian rhythms in human health and disease. The further exploration of molecular mediators that coordinate circadian, metabolic, and endocrine systems may lead to improved therapeutics and preventive interventions.
Key words:- Biorhythm, circadian, suprachiasmatic nucleus, metabolism, hormones, disorders.
References:-
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Copyright © 2013 Pallavi Mahajan et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article:- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Bably Sabina Azhar1, Md. Monirujjaman2, Kazi Saiful Islam3, Md. Jahangir Alam2, Sadia Afrin2, Mohammad Abdullah-Al-Shoeb4, Md. Sabir Hossain3*.
1PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Applied Nutrition and Food Technology, Islamic University, Kustia, Bangladesh.
2MS, Research Officer, Department of Nutritional Biochemistry, icddr, b, Dhaka, Bangladesh. 3MS, Lecturer, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
2MS, Research Officer, Department of Nutritional Biochemistry, icddr, b, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
2MS, Research Officer, Department of Nutritional Biochemistry, icddr, b, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
4MS, Lecturer, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh.
3PhD, Corresponding author, Associate Professor, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Abstract:- Birth weight is a very important factor for the development of a newborn. In developing country like Bangladesh there is a large number of low birth weight (LBW) incidence. Parental socio-demographic and anthropometric factors are very important for baby’s growth. This study was carried out to observe the relationship between maternal socio-demographic factors and anthropometric characteristics with infant birth weight in a sample of mothers and infants from the South-west region of Bangladesh. A total of 343 pregnant women aged between 18-38 years, of who gave birth to live children, participated in our study. We found that age of mother to conceive and maternal education is related to infant birth weight. The percentage of adequate birth weight (3000 g) was found highest (37.9%) within the 26-30 year age group. Incidence of LBW was found highest (52.2%) among mothers who had never gone to school and lowest (0%) for the graduated mothers. Working at the pregnancy period is associated with birth weight of newborn and the incidence of LBW was lowest among the housewife mothers. LBW baby was greater for mothers residing in rural area than urban area. We also found that maternal Body Mass Index (BMI) is also an important factor for birth weight of the newborn and incidence of LBW among the newborn was 0% for the maternal BMI ≥25 before conception and ≥30 before delivery. In conclusion these findings demonstrated that maternal contributing factors towards body weight problems among the newborns. This information’s may be useful for the planning of health and nutrition programs as well as intervention strategies.
Keywords:- Low birth weight (LBW), Body mass index (BMI), Anthropometric.
References:-
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Copyright © 2013 Hossain Sabir et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article:- Orthopedics
Ajit Swamy1* & Amit Swamy2
1Professor, Department of Orthopedics, Pad Shri Dr DY Patil Medical College & Hospitals, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
2 Professor, Department of Orthopedics MIMER Medical College & Hospitals,Talegaon, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
Abstract:-
Background and Objectives: Intertrochantric fractures of femur constitute a vast majority of admissions in orthopedic wards. It is universally accepted that internal fixation with dynamic hip screw is the best method of treatment because it allows early stability and mobility. We performed a prospective review of intertrochantric fractures treated with dynamic hip screw in lateral position to ascertain whether fracture table is a must for surgery. Design and Setting: The surgeries were performed in Dr D Y Patil Medical College, pimpri,Pune, Maharashtra, India between feb2007 to mar 2008. Methods: Fifty patients (35 males & 15 females) admitted with intertrochantric fracture type 2,3 & 4 (Kyle classification) were treated with dynamic hip screw in LATERAL POSITION , SIMPLE TABLE and the results analyzed. Results: Average hospital stay was around 8 days, average time to union was 6 months.36% patients had excellent results, 46% good and 18 % had fair results according to Kyle’s criteria. Conclusions: Our results prove that dynamic hip screw can be fixed in lateral position on simple table and this obviates the need for a fracture table. However the surgical technique is demanding and requires practice and there is a learning curve.
Key Words:- Dynamic hip screw, intertrochantric fractures, lateral position.
References:-
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Copyright © 2013 Amit Swamy & Ajit Swamy. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article:- Microbiology
Nirma.S.Amin1,Nilica Devi Sh.1 & Sevitha Bhat2*
1M Sc, Medical Microbiology, 2Associate Professor ,Department of Microbiology ,Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore- 575001.,India.
Abstract:- Background & objectives: The use of intravascular devices frequently is complicated by a variety of local or systemic infectious complications, including septic thrombophlebitis, endocarditis, bloodstream infection (BSI). Catheter- related infection is defined according to catheter-tip colonization, catheter related local infection (CRLI) and catheter related blood stream infection (CRBSI). The semiquantitative culture technique is useful in the diagnosis of bacteremia associated with central venous catheters. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the usefulness of semiquantitative culture of catheter tips of Central venous catheters. Materials and Methods: The cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology, KMC, Mangalore. This study included 63 catheter tips and blood culture samples from patients with suspected intravascular catheter related infection. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by Modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Results: The overall tip colonization was 32 (50.79%) had growth >15 CFU and 31 (49.2%) had no growth. Out of the 32, definite catheter associated bacteremia was 5(7.93%), catheter associated infection was 18(28.57%), probable catheter associated bacteremia was 9(14.28%). The organisms isolated were Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus spp, Streptococcus pneumoniae, E.coli, Klebsiella spp, Citrobacter spp, Acinetobacter spp, Candida albicans & C. tropicalis. Conclusion: There is significant lack of specificity (a high number of false-positive results) of the Semi quantitative technique for the diagnosis of CRBSI , while its sensitivity is probably satisfactory.
Key words:- Catheter related sepsis , HAI , Device associated infection.
References:-
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Competent interest: - The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Source of funding: - None.
Copyright © 2013 Savitha Bhat. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.