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Clinical case report:-Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics.
Chougule Kishor Adinath1* & Shetti Shraddha Subhash2
1Professor and Post-graduate Teacher, 2Post-graduate student, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tatyasaheb Kore Dental College and Research Centre, New Pargaon, Kolhapur, India.
Abstract:- A set of identical male triplets was studied. Lateral cephalograms, study models and facial photographs were taken and assessed for various traits. When all the records were assessed, two of the triplets showed more similarity than the third one, comparatively. This supports the hypothesis that heredity is not the sole controlling factor and the phenotype is inevitably the result of both genetic and environmental factors.
Keywords:- Triplets, Genetics, Inheritance, Heredity.
References:-
1.Wilcox M.A, D.F.Wyszynski et al. Emperically derived phenotypic subgroups –qualitative and quantitative trait analysis. BMC Genet 4 Suppl.1:S15.
2.Lauweryns I., Carels et al. The use of twins in dentofacial genetic research. Am .J. Orthod Dentofac Orthop 1993;103(1):33-8.
3.Mossey P.A, “The heritability of malocclusion: Part 2 The influence of genetics in malocclusion” Journal of Orthodontics Sept1999;6 (3):195-203.
4.Hunter W.S. “A study of the inheritance of craniofacial characteristics as seen in lateral cephalograms of 72 like sexed twins”. European orthodontic society report of congress, 41, 59-70.
5.Menezes et al “Genetic influences on dentition and dental arch dimensions: a study of monozygotic and dizygotic triplets” Am. J. of physical Anthropology 1974; 40( 2): 213-9.
6.Markovic & Trisovic “Monozygotic triplets with discordance for same traits” European J. of Orthod 1979; 1(3):189-92.
7.Leighton B.C., “Dental arch development in a set of triplets” European Journal of Orthodontics 1992;14:273-9.
Competent interest:- The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Source of funding:-None.
Copyright © 2013 Chougule K Adinath & Shetti S Subhash . This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article:- Microbiology
Nirma.S.Amin1,Nilica Devi Sh.1 & Sevitha Bhat2*
1M Sc, Medical Microbiology, 2Associate Professor ,Department of Microbiology ,Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore- 575001.,India.
Abstract:- Background & objectives: The use of intravascular devices frequently is complicated by a variety of local or systemic infectious complications, including septic thrombophlebitis, endocarditis, bloodstream infection (BSI). Catheter- related infection is defined according to catheter-tip colonization, catheter related local infection (CRLI) and catheter related blood stream infection (CRBSI). The semiquantitative culture technique is useful in the diagnosis of bacteremia associated with central venous catheters. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the usefulness of semiquantitative culture of catheter tips of Central venous catheters. Materials and Methods: The cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology, KMC, Mangalore. This study included 63 catheter tips and blood culture samples from patients with suspected intravascular catheter related infection. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by Modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Results: The overall tip colonization was 32 (50.79%) had growth >15 CFU and 31 (49.2%) had no growth. Out of the 32, definite catheter associated bacteremia was 5(7.93%), catheter associated infection was 18(28.57%), probable catheter associated bacteremia was 9(14.28%). The organisms isolated were Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus spp, Streptococcus pneumoniae, E.coli, Klebsiella spp, Citrobacter spp, Acinetobacter spp, Candida albicans & C. tropicalis. Conclusion: There is significant lack of specificity (a high number of false-positive results) of the Semi quantitative technique for the diagnosis of CRBSI , while its sensitivity is probably satisfactory.
Key words:- Catheter related sepsis , HAI , Device associated infection.
References:-
1.Singh S, Pandya Y, Patel R, Paliwal M, Wilson A, Trivedi S.et al. Surveillance of Device-associated Infection at a teaching hospital in Rural Gujrat- India. Indian J Med Microbiol . Oct-Dec2010; 28, 4:342-7.
2.Forbes A B, Sahm F D, Weissfeld S A, Bloodstream Infections, Bailey and Scott’s Diagnostic Microbiology, twelfth edition, Mosby Elsevier,2007.
3.Andremont A.,Paulet R.,Nitenberg G., Hill C. Value of Semi quantitative cultures drawn through catheter hubs for estimating the risk of catheter tip colonization in cancer patients. J Clin Microbiol 1988; 26: 2297-9.
4.Linares, J., A. Sitges-Serra, J. Garau, J.L. Perez, and R. Martin. Pathogenesis of catheter sepsis: A Prospective Study with Quantitative and Semi Quantitative Cultures Of Catheter Hub and Segments. J Clin Microbiol 1985; 21: 357-360.
5.Sherertz RJ, Heard SO, Raad I I. Diagnosis of Triple Lumen Catheter Infection: Comparison of Roll Plate, Sonication, and Flushing Methodologies. J Clin Microbiol 1997; 35: 641-6.
6.Beekmann S.E, Henderson D.K, Infections caused by Percutaneous Intravascular devices; Mendell, Douglas and Bennett’s Principles and Practice of infectious diseases, Sixth edition, 2: 3347-58.
7.Harsha V.Patil, Virendra C. Patil, M.N. Ramteerthkar, R.D. Kulkarni. Central venous catheter-related bloodstream infections in the Intensive Care Unit. IJCCM Oct-Dec 2011; 15:213-20.
8.Maki, D. G., C. E., Weise, and H. W. Sarafin. A Semiquantitative Culture Method For Identifying Intravenous Catheter-Related Infections. N. Engl. J. Med 1977; 296 : 1305-9.
9.Collignon J P, Soni N, Pearson Y I, Woods P W, Munaro R, Sorrell C T. Is semiquantitative Culture of Central Vein catheter tip useful in the diagnosis of catheter – associated bacteremia? J Clin Microbiol 1986; 24: 532-5.
10.Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Performance standards for antimicrobial disk susceptibility tests; Twentieth informational supplement. CLSI document.M 100-S 20 ,Vol 30 ,No. 1 . Jan 2010.pg 48-51.
Competent interest: - The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Source of funding: - None.
Copyright © 2013 Savitha Bhat. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Review article:-
Farhana R1* & Menezes G.A.2
1Department of Pharmacology, 2Department of Microbiology, Sree Balaji Medical College & Hospital Chromepet, Chennai (TN), India (Bharath University).
Abstract:- Bioterrorism is a burning topic in the present day scenario. It causes death or disease to human, animals and plants which create a great impact on the society. Post-exposure attack of bioterrorism leads to mental, political and economical effect on a community depending upon its exposure. Emergency Consequence Management includes measures to protect public health and safety, provides emergency relief to people adversely affected by the event. The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) was assigned lead responsibility for crisis management and implementing measures to resolve the immediate emergency and to investigate the scene.
Key words:- Bioterrorism, Emergency responses, Consequence management.
Reference:-
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2.Arnold F.Kaufmann, Martin I.Meltzer, George P.Schmids.(1997). The Economic Impact of a Bioterrorist Attack: Are Prevention and Postattack Intervention Programs Justifiable?. Emerging Infectious Disease 1997; 3(2): 83-94.
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19.Roffey R, Lantrop K, Tegnell A et al. Biological Weapons and Bioterrorism Preparedness: Importance of Public Health Awarness and International Co-operation. Clin Microbiol Infect 2002; 8: 522-8.
Copyright © 2013 Farhana R. & Menezes G.A.. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article:-Oral Pathology and Microbiology,
Babji Deepa1, Bhat Kishore2*,Nayak Ramakant3 & Ingalgi Preeti4
1Senior lecturer Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Maratha Mandal’s NGH Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Belgaum, Karnataka,India. 2Professor and Head, Department Microbiology Maratha Mandal’s NGH Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Belgaum, Karnataka, India. 3Professor and Head Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology Maratha Mandal’s NGH Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Belgaum, Karnataka,India,4Lecturer, Department of Microbiology Maratha Mandal’s NGH Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Belgaum, Karnataka,India.
Abstract:-
Introduction: Spirochetes play a definitive role in the aetiology of periodontitis. Morphologically they are classified as small, intermediate and large based on their diameter. Different methods have been developed to detect and quantify spirochetes which include microbial culture, immunological assays, enzymatic methods and molecular biology. Immunological methods have the disadvantage of cross reactivity: Enzymatic and molecular methods are expensive. Microscopy such as Fontana staining is one method that can be used in a laboratory set up with minimum cost and also yields useful information about oral spirochetes. Aim: Detection and semi quantification of spirochetes in chronic periodontitis (CP) patients and healthy individuals using Fontana stain.
Material and Methods: The subgingival plaque samples were collected from 50 healthy individuals and 50 CP patients using sterile curette in 100µl of reduced transport fluid. Spirochetes were first detected by the dark field and phase contrast microscopes. For semi quantification plaque samples were diluted to 1:10 and smear was made using 5µl of samples and stained with Fontana method. Counting was done categorizing spirochetes based on their length and diameter using light microscope with micrometer eyepiece. Statistical analysis was done using Mann-Whitney test and Wilcoxon Rank test.
Results: The present study revealed statistically significant difference for their positivity. The small and intermediate spirochetes based on their length were higher in CP patients. The thick spirochetes based on diameter were higher in healthy individuals.
Conclusion: Fontana staining is a useful screening method for detection of spirochetes. It can also be used to assess the cell size, density and post therapy evaluation.
Keywords:- Chronic Periodontitis (CP), Fontana stain, Density, Microscopy, Spirochetes.
References:-
1.Lembariti BS, Milkx FH, Van Palenstein Helderman WH. Microscopic spirochetes counts in untreated subjects with and without periodontal tissue destruction. J Clin Periodontol. 1995; 22(3):235-9.
2.Ellen RP, Galimanas VB. Spirochetes at the fore front of periodontal infections. Peridontology 2000. 2005; 38:13-32.
3.Choi BK, Paster BJ, Dewhirst FE, Gobel UB. The Diversity Cultivable and Uncultivable Oral spirochetes from patients with severe destructive periodontitis. Infection and Immunity. 1994; 62(5):1889-95.
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5.Coffey A, Coulter WA, Linden GJ. A feasibility study on the use of direct light silver stain compared with dark field microscopy for differential counting of subgingival plaque. J Periodontal Res. 1995; 30(5): 342-8.
6.Cosyn J, Sabzevar MM. Reproducibility of multiplex CR-based method for the detection of semiquantification of periodontopathogenic species in subgingival plaque samples. Perio 2007; 4(1):47-53.
7.Dewhirst PE, Tamer MA, Ericson RE, Lau CN, Levanos VA, Boches SK et al., The diversity of periodontal Spirochetes by 16s rRNA analysis. Oral Microbiol Immunol. 2000; 15(3):196-202.
8.Stanley CH. Anatomy and Chemistry of spirochetes. Microbiol Rev.1978; 42(1):144-60.
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10.Varsha C, Preeti I, Chetana B, Sunil R, Kishore B. Utility of silver nitrate staining in detection of spirochetes from oral cavity of periodontally healthy and diseased individuals. Int J Pham Bio Sci. 2012; 3(4): 980-6.
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12.Loesche WJ. The role of spirochetes in periodontal disease. Adv Dent Res. 1988; 2(2):275-83.
Copyright © 2013 Babji Deepa et al.. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article:-
Mandal Bimal1,Bain Jayanta2*,Das Rina3,Lal Shyam4 & Ahmed Shamshad5
1RMO cum Clinical Tutor,Department of ENT,3Demonstrator,Department of Microbiology, Calcutta National Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, WB, India.
2Senior Resident, Department of Cardiothoracic & Vascular Surgery, PGIMER & Dr.RML Hospital, New Delhi, India.
4Associate Professor, PGIMES & ESI Hospital, Basidarapore, New Delhi, India.
5Senior Resident, Department of Preventive & Social Medicine, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
Abstract:- Background: Type-I tympanoplasty is one of the most common surgery performed by an ENT & Head-Neck surgeon with a variable success rates. An open randomized control study was conducted to evaluate the clinical effect of peri-operative vitamin A and vitamin C supplement in type-I tympanoplasty. Materials & Method: 120 cases of chronic inflammatory middle ear disease with central perforation were selected. Half of them (60 cases, Group-X) received 9 weeks peri-operative vitamin A and C supplements, another 60 cases (Group-Y) patients received placebo. For perforation closure, Type-I tympanoplasty using temporalis fascia was done for all cases. Results: Overall perforation closure was 56 (98.25%) vs 50 (86.21%) [2=5.776, p=0.016] and normal hearing was attained in 50(87.72) vs 30 (51.72%) [2=17.59, p=0.000] between group X and Y. Conclusion: This study suggests that peri-operative supplements of vitamin A and vitamin C can be used to achieve a good clinical success in type-I tympanoplasty.
Key words:- Chronic middle ear disease, Type-I tympanoplasty, Temporalis fascia graft, Vitamin A, Vitamin C.
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Copyright © 2013 Bain Jayanta et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.