DocumentsDate added
Original article:-
Asha Peter1*, Jyothis Mathew2 & Shini Zacharia3
1Lecturer, University College of Medical Education, M.G.University, Kottayam.686008,India. 2Ph.D in Microbiology, Professor, School of BioSciences, M.G.University, Kottayam, India 3Mphil in Microbiology, Assistant professor, University college of Medical Education, Kottayam,India.
Abstract:- Background: Mode of transmission of infections with these microorganisms has been attributed to the patient's own flora and other nosocomial routes. Hence the factors helping the enterococci to cause infection are of great value. Aim: This study was done to compare the virulence properties of isolates from clinical sources with those from non clinical sources. Methods: The presence of different virulence factors like hemolysin, lipase, caseinase, gelatinase, lyzosome resistance, DNAse, serum resistance, slime production and biofilm formation in different enterococci strains were screened by different standard methods. Results: Among the different enterococcal isolates tested, clinical isolates exhibited a higher incidence of virulence factors than nonclinical isolates. Faecal strains presented with the lowest incidence of virulence factors as compared with clinical and water strains. E.faecalis strains possessed most of the virulence factors than E.faecium. Conclusion: High incidence of virulence properties in clinical samples may be reason behind their high prevalence in clinical settings. Nevertheless the presence of these virulence factors in nonclinical isolates points to their infection potential.
Key words:- Virulence factors, Enterococcal pathogenicity, slime in enterococci, biofilm in enterococci.
References:-
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Copyright © 2013 Asha Peter. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article:-
Anne Merete A. Tryggestad1, Terje Espevik2, Liv Ryan2, and Geir Hetland1*
1Department of Cellular Therapy, Cancer Division, Oslo University Hospital – The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, and 2Department of Molecular and Cancer Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Abstract:- The edible, medicinal Basidiomycetes mushroom, Agaricus blazei Murill (AbM) is used in traditional medicine against cancer and various diseases. It is rich in β glucans and has been shown in vitro to have immuno-modulating properties and in mouse models to induce antitumor action and anti-infection effects against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative sepsis. To study the mechanism behind its ability to stimulate innate immune cells, possible engagement of TLR2 and TLR4 was examined both in HEK293 cells transfected with either receptor, and in promonocytic THP-1 cells that bear both receptors. In HEK293 cells an AbM-based mixed Basidiomycetes mushroom extract (AndoSanTM) also containing Hericium erinaceum and Grifola frondosa, was shown to activate NF-ĸ B foremost via stimulation of TLR2, but to a lesser degree in low concentrations also via TLR4. Interestingly, AndoSanTM reduced the TLR4-induced NF-ĸ B activation at higher concentrations by means of its main component, AbM. The AbM-induced NF-ĸ B activation was confirmed in the THP-1 cells. This shows that biologically active ingredients in the AbM-based extract, probably of polysaccharide nature such as β glucans, can induce TLR2-mediated stimulation of monocytic and other innate immune cells and possibly inhibit TLR4-mediated stimulation. This may partly explain the medicinal effects found with AbM, including the observed protection against Gram-negative sepsis in a mouse model.
Key words:- Medicinal mushroom, Agaricus blazei, NF-kB activation, TLR2, TLR4.
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Copyright © 2013 Tryggestad Anne Merete et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Case report:-
Sneha S. Desale1, Nandkumar V. Dravid2, Dhiraj B. Nikumbh3*, Dhananjay V. Newadkar4 & Yogesh R. Tayade5
Assistant lecturer1, Prof & HOD2, Associate professor3, Professor4, Assistant lecturer5, Department of Pathology, JMF’s ACPM Medical college and hospital, Dhule, Maharashtra, India.
Abstract:- Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans (DFSP) is a rare, indolent,low grade soft tissue sarcoma with properties of progressive and locally infiltrative growth. Less than 5% of sarcomas appear as primary abdominal wall tumors. DFSP mostly occur over the trunk or proximal extremities. DFSP accounts for <0.01% of all malignancies and <0.1% of all the cutaneous neoplasms. DFSP over an anterior abdominal wall is a rare clinical entity. Herein, we present a case of DFSP over anterior abdominal wall in a 35 year old male, which was diagnosed on histopathology and confirmed on immunohistochemistry. DFSP is a rare dermal malignancy with a propensity to be locally aggressive but rarely metastatic. Hence proper histopathological diagnosis is always warranted in such rare tumor.
Keywords:- Soft tissue sarcoma, Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans,Abdominal wall.
References:-
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Copyright © 2013 Nikumbh et al.. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article:-Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology
Lalita Jayaram Thambiah1* & Satish Kumaran P2
1Professor of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Consultant Oral and Maxillofacial Pathologist,Annasamy Mudaliar General Hospital, Fraser town, Bangalore,India.
2Consultant Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon,Annasamy Mudaliar General Hospital,Fraser town, Bangalore,India.
Abstract:- Malignant tumours which start in one part of the body tend to invade organs not directly connected with that part and develop tumours in them. Destruction of the basement membrane is the first step in tumour invasion and metastasis. The expression of collagen IV protein and the expression of mRNA of collagen IV were studied to ascertain if they correlate. Malignant tissues have a high molecular mass which specifically degrades collagen IV. Many tumourigenic cells synthesize less collagen and larger quantity of proteases including collageneases. It results in the cells becoming less dependent on extracellular matrix for growth. These factors increase their ability to invade.
Keywords:-Well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, metastasis, collagen IV, mRNA expression level.
References:-
1.Daniela Spano et al. “Molecular Networks that Regulate Cancer Metastasis.” Seminars in Cancer Biology. 22 (2012) 234-49.
2.Massoumeh Zargaran et al. “Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Type IV Collagen and Laminin-332 γ2 Chain Expression in Well-differentiated Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Oral Verrucous Carcinoma: a New Recommended Cut-off.” Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine (2011) 40:167-73.
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7.Hynda K. Kleinman, Robert J. Klebe and George R. Martin. “Role of Collagenous Matrices in Adhesion and Growth of Cells.” The Journal of Cell Biology 1981;88 (March): 473-85.
Copyright © 2013 Lalita Jayaram Thambiah & Satish Kumaran P. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article:-
Vijaywargia Tarun1*, Sharma Gopal2 & Madhusudan Swarnkar3
1Associate professor, Department of Pharmacology, 2Associate professor, Department of Anatomy, 3Assistant professor, Dept of PSM, Jhalawar medical college, Jhalawar, Rajasthan, India.
Abstract: Background– In the series of clinical studies conducted to evaluate effect of male sex hormone Testosterone in patient of schizophrenia(most common psychosis) and the way this hormone interact with anti-psychotic drugs , this was second study conducted by department of pharmacology in collaboration with department of Clinical Psychiatry. In this study the second generation anti-psychotic drug Risperidone is used. The aim of study focused to prove testosterone is useful adjuvant in schizophrenia and can be safely used with anti-psychotic drugs Risperidone. Methods – a. Design and Setting - Double-blind, RCT performed in Indian patients diagnosed of schizophrenia from Feb 2003 to March 2004 in teaching Hospital associated with M.G.M.M.C Indore. b. Subjects:-12 patients aged 20 to 60 years diagnosed schizophrenics according to ICD-10 Criteria, visited in outpatient department of Clinical psychiatry during study period. c. Pharmacological Interventions:- All patients were treated with oral Risperidone 2mg BD, in half of the 12 patient’s single dose of testosterone 100mg intramuscularly also administered. d. Measurement of patient outcomes:– validated psychiatric rating scales are used to evaluated the effect of pharmacological interventions on symptomology of schizophrenic patients .Scales used in clinical study are Brief psychiatric Rating Score (BPRS) , Scale for assessment of positive symptom(SAPS),and Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS). The data is recorded, reported and than analyzed with a help of statistician. Results: - Single dose of 100 mg I.M. initially testosterone potentiated the reduction level in negative symptoms of schizophrenia by 112% in Risperidone 2mg BD. Conclusion:- In this study, testosterone potentiated the effects of Risperidone 2mg BD on general psychotic manifestations, positive symptoms and negative symptoms of schizophrenia, as assessed on BPRS, SAPS and SANS scoring scales, specifically the major effect is on negative symptoms of schizophrenia. There is no increase in side effects as compared to control group.
Key words- Testosterone, Schizophrenia, Risperidone.
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