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Research article:- Biochemistry
Priya.G 1, Revathy.K 2*, Emila.S 3, Swaminathan.S 2**
1Senior Technical Officer, Department of Biochemistry, Apollo Specialty Hospital, Chennai – 600035, India.
2*Ex. Junior Technical Officer & ** Ex. Senior Consultant & Head Department of Biochemistry, Apollo Speciality Hospital, Chennai – 600035, India.
3Lab Technologist, Department of Biochemistry, SRM Institute for Medical Sciences, Chennai -600026,India.
Abstract:- To investigate the association between Non-High Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol (Non-HDL–C) to various other lipid profile tests and to recommend its clinical usefulness in the diagnosis of Cardio Vascular Disease (CVD). Materials and methods: This study was carried out using lipid profile tests Total Cholesterol, High Density Lipoprotein-C, Low Density Lipoprotein – C and Triglycerides (TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, Tg) for 500 patients (350 males, 19 – 79 years and 150 females, 23- 85 years) over a period of one month. Measurements of the above analytes were done using state of art automated analysers and internationally accepted reagent kits. Appropriate accuracy controls were employed to validate the accuracy of the results obtained. Non HDL-C was calculated as the difference between TC& HDL-C. The results obtained were subjected to statistical analysis to calculate r, t, & p values and the association between Non HDL-C and other lipid profile tests were calculated to find out r, t and p values. A p value of less < 0.05 indicates significant association with other lipid profile viz TC, LDL-C, and Tg. Results: A highly significant association (p<0.0001) for non HDL-C with TC, LDL-C, Tg were obtained indicating that this parameter may serve an alternate to LDL-C. Conclusion: This study is based on a large number of patients and the results obtained suggest the usefulness of non HDL-C as an index of assessing cardiac function. This approach is easy to arrive at and which represents all fractions of cholesterol except HDL-C. Further this approach will avoid measuring LDL-C, an expensive testing procedure. Non-HDL-C which contain all fractions other than HDL-C and which are responsible for plaque and atherosclerosis formation, may help in the diagnosis of CVD.
Keywords:- Lipid Profile, CVD, HDL-C, LDL-C, TC, Tg, CHD, VLDL, NHDL-C, apoB, Lp(a).
References:-
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14. Maria G. Frontini, Sathanur R. Srinivasan, Jihua Xu, Rong Tang, MD, M. Gene Bond, Gerald S. Berenson. Usefulness of Childhood Non–High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels Versus Other Lipoprotein Measures in Predicting Adult Subclinical Atherosclerosis: The Bogalusa Heart Study. Pediatrics 2008; 121 (5): 24-9.
15 Kawamoto R, Oka Y, Tomita H, Kodama A. Non-HDL cholesterol as a predictor of carotid atherosclerosis in the elderly. Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis 2005; 12(3):143-8.
16. Kuo-Liong Chien, Hsiu-Ching Hsu, Ta-Chen Su, Ming-Fong Chen, Yuan-Teh Lee, Frank B. Hu. Apolipoprotein B and non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol and the risk of coronary heart disease in Chinese. The Journal of Lipid Research, 11/2007; 48(11):2499-505.
17. Michael H. Davidson. Is LDL-C Passed Its Prime?The Emerging Role of Non-HDL, LDL-P, and ApoB in CHD Risk Assessment. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology 2009; 28: 1582-3.
18. Allan D. Sniderman. Apolipoprotein B Versus Non–High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol. And the Winner Is.. Circulation 2005; 112: 3366-37.
Copyright © 2013 Swaminathan. S et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
*Correspondence address:
Dr. S. Swaminathan.,
Senior Consultant &Head,
Department of Biochemistry, SRM Institute for Medical Sciences,
Vadapalani, Chennai- 600026, India.
Case report:-
Uday Shankar. Reddy* & Aarti.R
*MDS, Oral medicine & Radiology, Perfect 32 dental Care, Pragathi nagar, Hyderabad,Andra Pradesh,India.
BDS, Dental Surgeon, Perfect32 dental Care, Pragathi nagar, Hyderabad,India.
Abstract:-
Mouth and jaw get infected by bacteria, virus, fungi, and protozoa. Fungus exists in the mouth, nasal cavity and maxillary antrum as normal inhabitant and in certain conditions like diabetes, debilitating disease, malignancy, burns and immunosuppressive disease fungus plays an opportunistic infection producing diseased process in mouth and jaw with destruction of tissues in the jaw bone, nasal cavity, maxillary antrum, zygomatic bone and spreads posteriorly to the base of the brain causing destruction. Mucormycosis is a serious infection caused by an opportunistic fungus. The most frequently affected area is the maxillofacial region. A case of mucormycosis of the palatal tissue in a female diabetic patient is reported.
Key Words:- Mucormycosis, Haemotologic malignancy.
References:-
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*Correspondence address:
Dr. Uday Shankar Reddy (MDS).
Oral Medicine and Radiology,
Perfect 32 dental Care, Pragathi nagar, Hyderabad,Andra Pradesh,India..
Contact no: +91 -8297095700
Review article:-
Priyanka Sharma1*, Kuldip S Sodhi2, Kusum Singla3, Nitin Tangri4, Rajesh Pandey5 & Jasbir Singh6
Affiliation:-
1-3, 5,6 Department of Biochemistry, M.M Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India.
4Department of Respiratory Medicine, M.M Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India.
Abstract:-
Leptin, the protein product of the ob gene, is a multifunctional peptide hormone, the circulating concentration of which is proportional to fat mass since adipocytes are the primary source of leptin. It has a major physiological influence on body weight and metabolism and is significantly increased in obesity leading to the concept of leptin resistance. Leptin has been shown to increase the overall sympathetic nerve activity, facilitate glucose utilization and improve insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, leptin is capable of regulating cardiac and vascular contractility too. Studies indicate that leptin has a permissive role, with leptin administration being effective in states of leptin inadequacy, and largely ineffective in states of leptin excess. In addition, hyperleptinemia correlates with hyperphagia, insulin resistance, obesity, hyperlipidemia and hypertension, independent of total adiposity. In this article, we describe how the identification of leptin by Friedman et al in 1994 has proved seminal in broadening our understanding of the mechanisms underlying neuroendocrine function, body weight, and energy homeostasis. Availability of leptin or smaller and more soluble leptin analogues for clinical studies in humans is further expected to significantly advance the understanding of the mechanisms underlying energy homeostasis in humans. This, in turn, may result in development of novel therapeutic approaches for obesity and other metabolic disorders.
Key Words:- Adipose tissue, Leptin, Obesity, Hormones, Disease.
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*Correspondence address:
Priyanka Sharma.,
Department of Biochemistry,
M.M Institute of Medical Sciences & Research,
Mullana,Ambala,Haryana,India.
Copyright © 2013 Sharma Priyanka et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article:-Biochemistry
Rajeswari. S 1 M.Sc., Swaminathan. S 2* Ph.D., FACBI , Ebenezer William W 3 M.D. , Kumar J.S 4 M.D., DIP DC (AUS)
Affiliation:- 1Lab Technologist, Biochemistry Department, Central Lab,2Chief of Biochemistry, Biochemistry Department, Central Lab,3Professor & Head , Biochemistry Department, 4Professor, Department of General Medicine , Diabetology In-charge, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Kattankulathur, Kancheepuram District 603 203, South India.
Abstract:- Objectives: To find out the laboratory diagnostic link between diabetes and pre cardiac monitoring profile tests. Design/ Subjects: 150 Patients attending the Master Health Check up (MHC), mostly to evaluate their diabetic and cardiac status in our Hospital, comprising of both Men and Women in the age group of 21 to 80 years were enrolled. Plasma glucose, HbA1c and lipid profile tests were measured using state of art instrument and methods to find out the above association. Method: Fasting and Post Prandial samples were collected using standard protocols and plasma Glucose, HbA1c and lipid profile tests were carried out to find out the association between diabetic and cardio vascular disease. The results obtained were subjected to statistical analysis to derive r, t and p values to evaluate the associations. Results: Results of paired t tests with a p value of < 0.001 was considered as significant to conclude an association between the parameters studied. Conclusion: There certainly exists an association between plasma glucose and HbA1c to lipid profile tests and this study recommends that all established diabetic patients should be screened for cardiac related problems. eAG may be introduced as an additional parameter to correlate with HbA1c control. Alternatively, all cardiac patients who bye pass screening for diabetes status should be referred to diabetic clinic for evaluation. Further studies linking other recently developed cardiac markers like Homocysteine, Apolipoproteins, myoglobin, D-dimer etc to diabetic profile tests to further validate the association found in this study using diabetic profile with special cardiac markers.
Key Words:- Diabetes, Lipid Profile, HbA1c, eAG, Cholesterol, HDL-c, LDL-c, VLDL-c, Triglycerides, CVD, CHD.
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*Correspondence address:
Dr. S. Swaminathan.,
Chief of Biochemistry, Central Lab,
SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Kattankulathur,
Kancheepuram District. 603 203, Tamil Nadu.India.
Research article:-
Nuzulia Irawati*, Jamsari and Yan Wirasti.
Affiliations:-
Department of Parasitology, Medical Faculty of Andalas University,Indonesia.
Abstract :
Aim: To know the diversity of allelic type of MSP-1 block 2 among Plasmodium falciparum isolates collected in a mountain area and a coastal area in West Sumatera, Indonesia, and compare them in a mountain and coastal area. Methods: A total of 56 P. falciparum infected blood samples, which were collected from 27 patients attending a local health facilities in South Solok district is a mountain region and 29 patients attending a local health facilities in South Coastal district is a coastal region, West Sumatera, Indonesia were used in this study. The regions flanking the highly polymorphic characters, block 2 for MSP-1, were genotyped by allele-specific nested-PCR to analyse the population diversity of parasite. Sequence analysis of the polymorphic regions of MSP-1 was also conducted to identify allelic diversity in the parasite population. Results : Diverse allelic polymorphism of MSP-1 was identified in P. falciparum isolates from a mountain area and a coastal area in West Sumatera, Indonesia,West Sumatera, Indonesia and most of the infections were determined to be mixed infections. Sequence analysis of MSP-1 block 2 revelaled that 16 different alleles for MSP-1 (3 for K1 type, 2 for MAD20 type and 2 for RO33 type) were identified. Conclusion: Extensive genetic polymorphism with diverse allele type was identified in MSP-1 in P. falciparum field isolates from a mountain area and a coastal area in West Sumatera, Indonesia. A high level of mixed infections was also observed, as was a high degree of multiplicity of infection.
Key words:-Plasmodium falciparum, MSP-1 block 2, allelic types, mountain area, coastal area.
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*Corresponding author:-
Nuzulia Irawati.,
Department of Parasitology,
Medical Faculty of Andalas University, Indonesia.
Copyright © 2013 Nuzulia Irawati, Jamsari and Yan Wirasti. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.