DocumentsDate added
Case report:-
1Syed Hassan,1Yaser Alkhatib, 1Zahrae Sandouk & 2SyedAmer.
1Department of Internal Medicine, HenryFordHospital, Detroit-USA.
2Department of Internal Medicine, BrookdaleUniversity hospital and medical center, New York-USA.
Abstract :- Patients with congenital bleeding disorders now enjoy prolonged life expectancy secondary to better availability of comprehensive health care and treatment options. However this comes at a price of increase in age related co morbidities. There is limited data from the large observational studies on the prevalence rate of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease in this bleeding population. More so, there is little to none available data on the management of these age related diseases. In this article, we attempted to review the management of cerebrovascular accidents among the patients with Von Willebrand disease at our institution.
Key Words:- Cardiovascualr, cerebrovascular accident, VonWillebrand disease(VWF).
References:-
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Copyright © 2013 Hassan Syed et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
*Correspondence address:
Syed A. Hassan.,
Department of Internal Medicine,
2799 West Boulevard,
Detroit-48202, Michigan-USA.
Phone no: 773-681-6720
Fax: 313-916-1888.
Research article:-
Mustafa A. Howeida 1, Eltayeb B. Idris 2, Ali M. Almahdi 3, Shaddad A. Sania4 & Mohammad H. Abdelwahhab5
1Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ahfad University, Omdurman, Post box 167, Sudan.
2 Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, University of Khartoum, Post box 321, Sudan.
3Faculty of Medicine. Department of Internal Medicine, University of Khartoum, Post box 321,Sudan.
4Faculty of Pharmacy. Department of Pharmacology, University of Khartoum, Post box 321, Sudan.
5Medicinal and Aromatic Plants`s Research Institute (MAPRI), National Centre for Researches,Mac Nimr Street, Khartoum, Sudan.
Abstract :- Objective: The aqueous and methanolic extracts of the seeds of C.arientinum were studied for their antidiabetic and hypolipidaemic effects in hyperglycaemic (type II) and in diabetic rats (type I). Method: Type II was induced using an intraperitonial (i/p) loading dose of glucose while type I was induced by injection of Streptozotocin (i/p). The plant extracts were given orally. The hypoglycaemic effect was determined following the Glucose tolerance test (GTT) model and the results were compared to the control. Results: The results showed that the onset of the hypoglycaemic effect of C. arientinum in type II was earlier and more persistent than in type I, as it started since the 1st hour post dosing and continued throughout the experiment. Dose 400 mg ∕ kg of the aqueous extract, exerted the highest significant glucose lowering effect (P <0.001) since the 1st hour in type II and at the 12th hour in type I. The onset of the hypocholesterolaemic effect of the methanolic extract of C.arientinum, was earlier, persistent and highly significant (P <0.001) in type II than in type I as it started since the 1st hour post dosing and continued throughout the experiment. The aqueous extract, showed a lower significance (P <0.05) and a shorter duration of action in type II. None of the extracts showed a hypocholesterolaemic effect in type I. The reference drugs Insulin and Glibenclamide showed significant reductions (P <0.05) at the 2nd hour in type II and the 4th hour in type I. The methanolic extract in both types of diabetes, showed an early significant triglycerides lowering effect (P <0.05) since the 1st hour. Doses 200 mg ∕ kg of the methanolic extract reduced triglycerides level significantly (P <0.001) at the 4th hour in type II and the 12th hour in type I, similar to both doses of the aqueous extract in type I. Insulin induced a significant reduction (P <0.05) throughout the experiment. Conclusion: the seeds of C. arientinum confirmed its traditional use in herbal medicine as an antidiabetic agent which can be more effective than the commonly used hypoglycaemic drugs.
Key Words:- Hyperglycaemia, Hyperlipidaemia, Albino Rats, Herbal Medicine, C.arientinum.
References:-
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*Correspondence address:
Shaddad A. Sania.,
Faculty of Pharmacy,
Department of Pharmacology, University of Khartoum, Post box 321, Sudan.
Copyright © 2013 Shaddad A. Sania et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article:-
A.M. Osman Intisar 1,Ibtisam Goreish2,Sania A. Shaddad3*, Tigani H. Elamin4 & I.B. Eltayeb3
Affiliation:-
1Department of Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bahri, Sudan.
2Department of Parasitology,Central Veterinary Research laboratories (Soba), Khartoum, Sudan.
*3Department of pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Khartoum, Post box 321, Sudan.
4Department of pharmacology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,University of Khartoum, Post box 321, Sudan.
Abstract:- Introduction: The development of anthelmintic resistance and the high cost of anthelmintic drug led to evaluation of medicinal plants as alternative source of anthelmintic. The aim of current study, experiments were conducted to determine the possible anthelmintic effects of aqueous and methanolic extracts of Balanites aegyptiaca kernel, in vitro using live Haemoncus contortus and in vivo using experimentally induced Haemoncus contortus infection in Nubian goats. Methods: Methanolic extracts of the plants were performed according to the method of Harborne (1984). Aqueous extracts of the plants were performed according to the method of Fenado et al. (1989). In vitro and in vivo anthelmintic activity of both crude aqueous and methanolic extracts of Balanites aegyptiaca were studies against adult H.contortus as evident from mortality rate of the worms. 31 goats (6-8 month old) healthy male Nubian goats weighing 10-12kg were used in this experiment divided into 4 groups. Group 1: Non infected goats served as negative control. Group 2: Infected goats with Haemoncus contortus received no treatment served as positive control. Group 3: Infected with Haemoncus contortus divided into 2 sub groups each of five animals treated orally with two doses of aqueous extract of Balanites aegyptiaca ( 100&400mg /kg). Group 4: Goats infected with Haemoncus contortus divided into 3 sub groups each of five animals treated orally with three doses of methanolic extract of Balanites aegyptiaca ( 100&400&800mg /kg). Faecal samples from each animal were collected in the morning starting from day zero pretreatment and at day 7, 14, 21 post treatment and examined for the presence of worm eggs by flotation technique (MAFF, 1979). The eggs count was performed by Mc Master Method (Soulsby, 1982). the numbers of adult or mature worms H. contortus in the aliquots were counted. Results: The in vitro study revealed significant anthelmintic effects ( p≤0.05 )for both crude aqueous extract(CAE) and crude methanolic extract (CME) of Balanites aegyptiaca kernel on live Haemoncus contortus as evident from their mortality or temporary paralysis. For in vivo studies, the CME and CAE of Balanites aegyptiaca revealed dose dependent anthelmintic effects. The three doses (100,400,800 mg/kg) of CME of B. aegyptiaca showed 20%, 74.7% and 79.2% reduction in eggs count per gram of faeces (EPG) on day 21post treatments respectively. However, the dose of 100mg/kg CAE of Balanites aegyptiaca showed no significant effect while, the dose of 400mg/kg revealed 61.4% reduction in EPG on day 21post treatments.
Key Words:- In vivo, In vitro, Anthelmintic, Balanites aegyptiaca, Haemoncus contortus, Goats.
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*Correspondence address:
Shaddad A. Sania.,
Faculty of Pharmacy,
Department of Pharmacology, University of Khartoum, Post box 321, Sudan.
Copyright © 2013 Shaddad A. Sania et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article:- Biochemistry
Emila S1**, Revathy K1***, Anila Mathan2, Ebenezer William W3 & Swaminathan S1*.
Affiliation:- 1*Chief of Biochemistry, Central Lab, 1** Lab Technologist, Department of Biochemistry, Central Lab,1***Technical Supervisor, Department of Biochemistry, Central Lab,2Consultant in Hematology & Transfusion Medicine, Central Lab, 3Head of Biochemistry, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Kattankulathur, Kancheepuram District. 603203, Tamil Nadu, India.
Abstract:- Aim: To review the upto date concepts on the laboratory diagnosis of anemia and to evaluate some basic laboratory tests to make them suitable for small level laboratories. Study design: 70 non hospitalized patients in the age of 18-80 years (31 males & 39 females) who are suspected of having anemia were enrolled for this study. Materials and methods: After thoroughly going through previously published papers and having done a mini review of anemia, its prevalence and the laboratory diagnosis followed, we selected few basic laboratory tests viz serum iron, UIBC and Hb, and measured these analytes in all the 70 patients and using established conversion formulae, 3 more parameters viz TIBC, % transferin saturation and absolute transferin concentration were calculated. State of art instrument and certified quality controls were used to validate the results obtained. Results: A total 6 parameters were studied in this project and all 6 are considered to be valuable. Highly significant correlations were observed between any two biochemical parameter compared, but we got only a moderate probability of < 0.05 when biochemical parameters are compared with Hb. Conclusion: The outcome of this study suggests that all 6 parameters will be useful for the diagnosis of anemia and they could easily be measured in any clinical laboratory with basic facilities.
Key Words: Anemia, WHO, IDA, IBD, CBC, Hb, RBCs, WBCs, Iron, UIBC, TIBC, % Saturation, TRF, Ferritin, r, t and p.
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*Correspondence address:
Dr. S. Swaminathan.,
Chief of Biochemistry, Central Lab,
SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Kattankulathur,
Kancheepuram District. 603 203, Tamil Nadu,India.
Original article:-
Rajurkar Sampda Shivdas1*,Srivastav Manissha2 & Sapkal Pravin Sonuji3
1Assistant Professor, Department of PSM, 3Assistant Professor, Department of Anesthesia, Government Medical College, Akola, India.
2Associate Professor, Department of PSM, Lokmanya Tilak Medical College and Sion Hospital, Mumbai, India.
Abstract:-
An Epidemiological Study Of The Morbidity Profile Of Municipal Primary School Children Residing In Slums. Background: The school going children mostly in 5 to 15 years of age are neglected and scare data is available about their problems and morbidities. Aims: 1) To study the nutritional status and clinical morbidity profile of primary municipal school children. 2) To study epidemiological factors affecting health status of these children. 3) To assess the personal hygiene among them. Setting and design: A cross sectional epidemiological study of primary municipal school children residing in urban slum. Study was done over a period of 1 year. Materials and methodology: Universal sampling method was used. Total 455 children were studied and their parents were interviewed. Nutritional status of children was calculated and categorised with the help of WHO 2007 growth reference charts. Anaemia and vitamin A deficiency were diagnosed with the WHO criteria. Statistical analysis: was done by using SPSS version17 software. Result and conclusion: Out of total 455 students, 55.4% were boys and 44.6% were girls. Stunting was present in 19.3%, underweight in 22.6% and undernourishment in 20.2% children. Boys were more stunted than girls; however, girls were more undernourished than boys. One or more than one morbidity was present in 392(86.2%) children. Most common morbidity was dental caries present in 47.3% children. Other common morbidities were anemia, upper respiratory tract infection, worm infestation and ocular morbidities. Particular morbidities differ significantly with socioeconomic status, personal hygiene, nutritional status and sex. Children within this age group also need special attention for improvement in their nutrition and hygiene.
Key Words:- School children, morbidity profile, slum.
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*Correspondence address:
Dr. Sampda ShivdasRajurkar.,
D/O S D Rajurkar
Telecom Nagar, Near Tukaram Hospital
Akola. 444004,India.
Contact no: – 0724-2489383, 9421755427, 9850355150.
Copyright © 2013 Rajurkar S Shivdas,Srivastav M & Sapkal P Sonuji. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited