DocumentsDate added
Original article:-
Nair Sindhu1*, Bhat Kishore2, Nayak Ramakant3, Kotrashetti Vijayalakshmi4 & Babji Deepa5
Affiliation:-
1Postgraduate student, 3Professor and Head,4Reader, 5Senior lecturer,Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, 2Professor and Head,Department of Microbiology, Maratha Mandal’s NGH Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre.Near K.S.R.P.Ground, R.S.No.47/2, Bauxite Road, Belgaum.( Karnataka), India.
Abstract:
Introduction: Mutans streptococci (MS) and Lactobacilli are well known as cariogenic oral bacteria. MS has primarily been linked with initial caries development and lactobacilli with the progression of the caries lesion. Recent research suggests that even though lactobacilli have a role in progression of dental caries, they may also act as antimicrobial agents in the oral cavity.
Aim: To assess the relationship between MS and Lactobacillus in caries-free and high caries risk individuals.
Materials & Methods: 60 subjects (Group A – 30 caries free, Group B - 30 high caries risk individuals) in the age group of 16-25 years were considered for the study. Caries-free subjects were with a DMFT = 0, while those in the high risk group had a DMFT ≥ 3 with atleast 1 active carious lesion at the time of clinical examination. Plaque samples were collected and then cultured on Mann Rogosa Sharpe agar for Lactobacilli screening and on Mitis Salivarius Bacitracin agar for MS. Samples which were positive for both MS and lactobacillus were further cultured together. The interference capacity of Lactobacillus was then checked. Statistical analysis was done using Chi square test and Spearman rank correlation coefficient.
Results: On primary culture, Group A individuals were colonized predominantly by MS while those of Group B were colonized by both micro-organisms. On co-culturing, inhibitory effect was observed only in 1 case in Group A, while in Group B, inhibitory effect was observed in 15 cases and 1 case showed absence of inhibition. Statistically significant correlation between DMF and presence of lactobacillus was also found.
Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that lactobacillus has an inhibitory effect on MS group in vitro. Slight to complete inhibition was observed in the high risk caries individuals, while caries-free individuals did not show very specific results.
Key Words: Caries; Inhibition; Lactobacilli; Mutans streptococci.
References:
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18.Corby PM, Bretz WA, Hart TC, Schork NJ, Wessel J, Lyons-Weiler J, and Paster BJ. Heritability of Oral Microbial Species in Caries-Active and Caries-Free Twins Twin Res Hum Genet. 2007 December ; 10(6): 821–8.
Article citation:-
Nair Sindhu et al. Effect of Lactobacillus on Mutans Streptococcus in caries-free and high caries risk individuals. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences (J Pharm Biomed Sci.) 2013 June; 31(31): 1192-1198.
Copyright © 2013 Nair Sindhu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article:-
Najia Rahim*1, Shagufta Nesar2, Shaheen Parveen3, Rabia Rehman2 & Sadia Shakeel1
Affiliation:-
1Dow College of Pharmacy, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
2Jinnah Medical & Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan.
3Faculty of Pharmacy, Jinnah University For Women, Karachi, Pakistan.
Abstract:- Background: Medical, dental and pharmacy students need computer skills and Internet access to excel in their academic and professional career. The present study was planned to analyze computer and internet use by undergraduate and postgraduate medical, dental and pharmacy students. Methodology: A questionnaire-based study was conducted from Jan’2012 to June ’2012 in four colleges and universities of Karachi, Pakistan. Undergraduate and postgraduate students of MBBS, BDS and Pharm.D programs were asked to respond to the questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were determined for the different variables of the questionnaire. One way ANOVA using 0.05 level of significance was performed to observe the influence of gender, age and educational status of students on their computer and internet access and usage. Results: Out of 500, 405 students responded to the questionnaire, 68.6% of students have their own computers, whereas, only 3% of students have computer access at public place or their college campus. 73.3% of students started using computer before the age of 15 years. 41.5% of students search internet for relevant webpages daily. Only 14.1% of students browse scientific literature and website like Pubmed, Pakmedinet, Google scholar on daily basis. Conclusion: It is concluded that students have computer and internet access. Students use computer and internet mostly for class assignments and less frequently for retrieving medical and scientific literature from website like Pubmed, Pakmedinet, Google scholar. It is recommended to focus on achieving learning objectives of these bachelor programs by channelizing their computer skills and internet access.
Key Words:-Medical, Dental, Pharmacy students, Computer skills, Internet access, scientific literature.
References:
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Article citation:-
Najia Rahim et al. Computer and internet use among medical, dental and pharmacy students of Karachi, Pakistan. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences (J Pharm Biomed Sci.) 2013, June; 31(31): 1118-1122.
Copyright © 2013 Najia Rahim et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article:-
*1Ajay Kumar A, 2M. R.Vasanthan & 3N. Kannan
Affiliations:-
1Associate Professor, 2 Professor, 3Assistant Professor, Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital (7, works road, Chromepet, Chennai – 600044), India.
Abstract:-
A surgical procedure performed on a patient admitted and discharged on the same day of surgery is an accepted and well-established practice in modern medicine today. The principal arguments in favour of this practice are minimizing cost and making hospital resources available for more number of patients, as each patient spends a shorter period in the hospital. The availability of shorter acting anaesthetic agents with better recovery profile has made general anaesthesia applicable in day case procedures. The ‘clear headedness’ of recovery enables the patients to be discharged from the hospital just a few hours after surgery. The drugs found most suitable for this technique are Propofol and Sevoflurane. The present study compares the recovery characteristics of these two drugs and their usefulness in ambulatory anaesthesia. We compared the recovery profile of 40 patients coming for surgeries lasting less than an hour. Aldrete scoring was used to assess early recovery and PADSS scoring used for assessing ‘Home Readiness’. ‘Home Readiness’ was sooner while using Sevoflurane VIMA(Volatile Induction and Maintenance Anesthesia) as compared to Propofol TIVA(Total Intravenous Anesthesia) making Sevoflurane the ideal choice for Day case surgery.
Keywords: Propofol TIVA, Sevoflurane VIMA, Recovery scores, Day case anaesthesia.
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Article citation:-
Ajay Kumar. A, M. R. Vasanthan & N. Kannan. Comparison of recovery from propofol TIVA and sevoflurane VIMA in day case surgeries. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences (J Pharm Biomed Sci.) 2013 June; 31(31): 1214-1220.
Copyright © 2013 Ajay Kumar A, R.Uma & M. R.Vasanthan. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article:-
D. Lalitha Devi1*,K. Satyanarayana Murthy2 , Shaswat Kumar Patnaik3 & V. Subbi Reddy4
Affiliation:-
1Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacology, 2Professor and H.O.D, Department of Pharmacology, 3Associate Professor, Department of Anasthesiology,4Tutor,Department of Pharmacology, GSL Medical college, Rajahmundry, A.P., India.
Abstract: -
Objectives: To study the hemodynamic and respiratory effects of Propofol and Thiopentone during induction and maintenance of anaesthesia for short surgical procedures. Materials and methods: The study was conducted on 60 adult female patients of ASA grade 1 and grade 2 aged between 18- 60 years presenting for short surgical procedures in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology of GSL General Hospital during the period of January2007- October 2007. The patients were randomly divided into 2 groups. Group 1 patients received Propofol 2-2.5 mg per kg, and Group 2 patients received Thiopentone 4-6 mg per kg intravenously for the induction of anaesthesia. The pulse rate, blood pressure and respiratory rate were recorded at 1st, 5th and10th minutes respectively after induction. Presence or absence of apnoea, response of the patient to pain, perioperative evaluation for nausea and vomiting and recovery are observed. Results: In our study we have found that Propofol provided smooth and pleasant loss of consciousness.The time taken for induction of anaesthesia with both the drugs was similar and there is no statistically significant difference between the two groups. Regarding blood pressure changes, the fall in blood pressure was slightly more in Propofol group than Thiopentone which is statistically significant z=2.5(p<0.05). Recovery was very rapid and smooth in patients who received Propofol and highly significant statistically z=28.17(p<0.0001). Orientation time was less in patients receiving Propofol when compared with Thiopentone. z=30.29(p<0.0001). Incidence of nausea and vomiting is less in Propofol group. Conclusions: In this study it is concluded that Propofol is a better alternative to Thiopentone as main anaesthetic agent for short surgical procedures.
Key Words: Propofol, Thiopentone, anaesthetic agent, short surgical procedures.
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Article citation:-
D.Lalitha Devi et al. Comparative evaluation of propofol with thiopentone for short surgical procedures in a teaching hospital. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences (J Pharm Biomed Sci.) 2013 June; 31(31): 1143-1149.
Copyright © 2013 D.Lalitha Devi et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article:-
Khadanga Sagar 1* & T. Karuna2
Affiliation:-
1Department of Medicine, M.K.C.G Medical college & hospital; Berhampur, Odisha, India. 2Department of Microbiology Hi-Tech Medical college & hospital ; Block 3,flat 1,Pandara, Rasulgarh, Bhubaneswar ,Odisha, India.
Abstract:- Background: According to standard textbooks the diagnosis of UTI in male is questionable in the absence of anatomical abnormalities, instrumentation or rectal intercourse. But in our clinical practice we come across male UTI in the age group of 15-50. We wanted to study this aspect of male UTI and their sensitivity pattern. Material & methods: We conducted a prospective interventional type of hospital based study. A predesigned questioner was designed. Midstream clean catch urine samples were collected from 217 patients after carefully considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The samples were transported and processed within 1 hr. The urine samples were then processed by semi quantitative culture methods. Results: Sterile pyuria was found in 68.6% (149/217) cases. Among 68 culture positive cases the most common organism isolated was E.coli in 36.7% (25/68) cases. Non E.coli GNB was isolated in 42.6% (29 /68) cases. GPC were isolated in 16.1% (11/68) cases. Mycobacteriuria was found in 7 out of 149 sterile pyuria cases. Nitrofurantoin was the most sensitive oral drug followed by ciprofloxacin for GNB. Almost all GPC were sensitive to Linezolid and Vancomycin. . Conclusion: Though E.coli was the most common uropathogen, non-E.coli GNB related UTI is definitely increasing. GPC related UTI once rare in males, are not uncommon these days. Linezolid should be added to Nitrofurantoin/Quinolones in non resolving UTI as empirical therapy. Genitourinary tuberculosis should be suspected in non resolving symptomatic sterile pyuria cases. Key Words:-Acid fast bacilli (AFB), Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CONS), Escherichia coli (E. coli), Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) ,Gram-positive cocci (GPC), urinary tract infection (UTI).
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Copyright © 2013 Khadanga Sagar & T. Karuna. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.