DocumentsDate added
Research article:-
Dr.Girishbabu R J1*, Dr.Prakash R1 & Dr.Prashanth H V2
Affiliation:- 1 Assistant Professor, 2 Professor ,Department of Microbiology, Sri Siddhartha Medical College, Tumkur- 572107, Karnataka, India.
Abstract: Background: Urinary tract infections are among the most common bacterial infections that lead patients to seek medical care. The incidence of extended spectrum beta lactamase producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae have been steadily increasing over the past few years resulting in limitation of therapeutic options. Aims & Objectives: The aim of the study was to isolate, identify and to establish the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of the pathogens responsible for urinary tract infections and also to determine the extended spectrum beta lactamase production of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Settings and design: Hospital based Prospective study. Materials & Methods: The study includes 3060 clinically suspected cases of urinary tract infection over a period of one year. Isolates were identified by conventional methods. Isolated Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae which showed resistance to cefotaxime and ceftazidime were tested for extended spectrum beta lactamase production by phenotypic confirmatory test as proposed by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute document. Statistical Analysis: The results were analyzed using mean, median and Chi-square (χ2) test. Results: Of the 3060 urine samples processed 990 (32.35%) samples yielded various bacterial isolates. Extended spectrum beta lactamase production was observed in 174 (38%) of Escherichia coli isolates and in 102 (42%) of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates. Conclusion: Our results showed Escherichia coli as predominant organism, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae causing urinary tract infection. Klebsiella pneumoniae were found to be more extended spectrum beta lactamase producer when compared to Escherichia coli.
Key Words:- Escherichia coli, Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Urinary tract infection.
References:-
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Copyright © 2013 Girishbabu R J, Prakash R & Prashanth H V. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Case report:-
Serdar SARGIN1, Aziz ATİK1, Gökhan MERİÇ1, Ahmet Aslan2*& M.Nuri Konya2
Affiliation:-
1MD, Orthopaedics Surgeon; Balıkesir Universty, Medicine Faculty, Departmants of Orthopaedics and Traumatology. Balıkesir/TURKEY.
2MD, Orthopaedics Surgeon; Afyonkarahisar State Hospital, Departmants of Orthopaedics and Traumatology. Afyonkarahisar/TURKEY.
Abstract:- Coincidence of ipsilateral posterolateral elbow dislocation and distal radial fracture is very rare. Herein we present an 84-year-old female who had an unusual case of ipsilateral fracture of distal radius and posterolateral elbow dislocation. Closed reduction was immediately performed under sedation. A long arm cast was applied for immobilisation. In the sixth month, the patient regained full flexion-extension of the elbow and wrist, and full pronation-supination of the forearm. As we report good results of our patient, we can offer closed reduction and long arm cast for the treatment of İpsilateral posterolateral elbow dislocation and distal radial fracture.
Key Words:- Elbow dislocation, Distal radial fracture, Ipsilateral, Treatment.
References:-
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Copyright © 2013 Aslan Ahmet et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article:-
Geoffrey Muriira Karau1, 2*, Eliud Nyagah Mwaniki Njagi1, Alex King’ori Machocho3, Laura Nyawira Wangai4, Peter Ng’aru Kamau5 & Paul Bundi Karau6
Affiliations:- 1Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kenyatta University, P.O Box 43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
2Kenya Bureau of Standards, P.O Box 54974-00200, Nairobi, Kenya.
3Department of Chemistry, Kenyatta University, P.O. Box 43844-00100, Nairobi,Kenya. 4Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya.
5Research and Development Division, Mount Kenya University, P. O Box 342-01000, Thika, Kenya.
6Kenya Methodist University, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, P. O Box 267-60200, Meru, Kenya.
Abstract:-
Senna spectabilis D. C Irwin has been used as a forkloric medicine to manage diabetes mellitus by the communities in south eastern part of Kenya. The present study evaluated in-vivo hypoglycemic activity of the aqueous and ethyl acetate extracts of S. spectabilis. The study used six groups of mice each of five mice. Diabetes mellitus was induced in five groups with 10% alloxan monohydrate at a dose of 186.9 mg/kg body weight. Non-diabetic control mice was orally administered with 0.1 ml physiological saline; diabetic mice with 0.075 mg of reference drug, glibenclamide at 3 mg/kg body weight; 1.25 mg, 2.5 mg, and 5 mg leaf and stem barks aqueous and ethyl acetate extracts in 0.1 ml physiological saline for 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight, and the other group of diabetic mice was given 0.1 ml physiological saline. Blood glucose level was determined after 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours. S. spectabilis exhibits a significant hypoglycemic activity in both aqueous and ethyl acetate extracts. The activity is either dose dependent or independent for the leaves and stem barks extracts, respectively. The study findings validate the forkloric use of this plant among the local communities of south eastern Kenya.
Key Words: Senna spectabilis, hypoglycemic activity, diabetic BALB/c mice, ethyl acetate extract and aqueous extract.
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Copyright © 2013 Karau Muriira et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article:-
Singh Sapna*
Affiliation:-
*Assistant Professor, Department of Obs & Gynae, Rama Medical College, Kanpur ,India.
Abstract:
Introduction: Traditionally in many cultures around the world , labour pain is accepted and is not seen as an insurmountable problem. The pain in labour indicates to the parturient that the process of child birth has begun and she should go to a safe place for unfolding of same. Material and Methods: During the period from Jan. 2011 to Jan. 2012. We administered ketamine for alleviating pain of labour as a means of labour analgesia. A total 120 parturients requested for analgesia, from among the 400 deliveries conducted during the same period. Most of those requesting for analgesia, belonged to the higher socioeconomic group and had got over their fears of hallucination and effects it would have on the fetus. While most of them were primis, a few multiparous parturients requested for analgesia. The major maternal side effect noted was hallucinations, but none of these women reacted to them having been warned of the possible side effect. While no major effect on the fetus was noted, three babies had respiratory depression at birth necessitating administration of O2 and NICU observation for 24 hours. Result: We noted reduction on duration of labour in the ketamine administered group. Maternal and fetal tachycardia was noted but there were not to the extent necessitating any specific action. The overall immpression of the parturients given ketamine was positive and 92% said they would ask for it during their next labour. Conclusion: In this study, ketamine was found to be effective in relieving labour pain without affecting the labour process adversely. Further ketamine was found to be safe for the fetus.
Key Words:-Programmed labour, Ketamine, Respiratory depression, Dissociative anaesthesia.
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Copyright © 2013 Singh Sapna. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Review article:-
Neeru Bhaskar*1 ,Harnam Kaur2, Sheikh Ishaq3, Qazi Najeeb4,Kusum Singla5, & Ruhi Mahajan6
Affiliation:-
Associate Professor1,2, Postgraduate student3,4,5,6, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical sciences and Research, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana-133207, India.
Abstract: Despite advances in clinical management an estimated 7.25 million (12.8%) people die of ischaemic heart disease worldwide each year. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) irreversibly damages the cardiomyocytes. This loss triggers a cascade of detrimental events, including formation of scar tissue, an overload of blood flow and pressure capacity, the overstretching of viable cardiac cells, leading to heart failure and eventual death. Restoring damaged heart muscle tissue, through repair or regeneration, is a potentially new strategy to treat heart failure and various other CVD. Stem cells are promising new therapeutics for patients with different heart diseases, they may be obtained from diverse locations, aside from the bone marrow, which is traditionally considered a source for stem cells, we may find stem cells in the periphery. For example, we can extract stem cells from fat tissue. There's a lot of ongoing investigation on where to get these cells, how to use them, and exactly which cells works best. Researchers have successfully injected human adult stem cell (ASC) into damaged areas of mouse heart. These stem cells can develop into cardiac muscle cells and improve heart function. Might it be possible in the future for a physician to order a few grams of cardiac muscle cells from a regenerative medicine lab, to transplant into a heart attack patient in much the same way that surgeons routinely order blood from a blood bank for a transfusion during surgical procedure.
Key Words:- Ischaemia, Myocardial Infarction, Stem cells.
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