DocumentsDate added
Original article:-
Khadanga Sagar 1* & T. Karuna2
Affiliation:-
1Department of Medicine, M.K.C.G Medical college & hospital; Berhampur, Odisha, India. 2Department of Microbiology Hi-Tech Medical college & hospital ; Block 3,flat 1,Pandara, Rasulgarh, Bhubaneswar ,Odisha, India.
Abstract:- Background: According to standard textbooks the diagnosis of UTI in male is questionable in the absence of anatomical abnormalities, instrumentation or rectal intercourse. But in our clinical practice we come across male UTI in the age group of 15-50. We wanted to study this aspect of male UTI and their sensitivity pattern. Material & methods: We conducted a prospective interventional type of hospital based study. A predesigned questioner was designed. Midstream clean catch urine samples were collected from 217 patients after carefully considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The samples were transported and processed within 1 hr. The urine samples were then processed by semi quantitative culture methods. Results: Sterile pyuria was found in 68.6% (149/217) cases. Among 68 culture positive cases the most common organism isolated was E.coli in 36.7% (25/68) cases. Non E.coli GNB was isolated in 42.6% (29 /68) cases. GPC were isolated in 16.1% (11/68) cases. Mycobacteriuria was found in 7 out of 149 sterile pyuria cases. Nitrofurantoin was the most sensitive oral drug followed by ciprofloxacin for GNB. Almost all GPC were sensitive to Linezolid and Vancomycin. . Conclusion: Though E.coli was the most common uropathogen, non-E.coli GNB related UTI is definitely increasing. GPC related UTI once rare in males, are not uncommon these days. Linezolid should be added to Nitrofurantoin/Quinolones in non resolving UTI as empirical therapy. Genitourinary tuberculosis should be suspected in non resolving symptomatic sterile pyuria cases. Key Words:-Acid fast bacilli (AFB), Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CONS), Escherichia coli (E. coli), Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) ,Gram-positive cocci (GPC), urinary tract infection (UTI).
References:-
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2.Gupta K et al: increasing antimicrobial resistance and the management of uncomplicated community – acquired urinary tract infections. Ann Intern Med 2001; 135:41. [PMID: 11434731].
3.Abarbanel j, Engelstein D, Lask D, Kuvne PM. Urinary tract infection in men younger than 45 years : is there a need for urologic investigation? Urology 2003; 62(1): 27-9. PMID 12837416.
4.The current management strategies for community – acquire3d urinary tract infection. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2003; 17:303.
5.Talan DA el al.: Comparison of ciprofloxacin (7days) and trimethoprim-sulfamethozazole (14days) for acute uncomplicated pyelnophritis in women. JAMA 283:1583,2009[PMID 10735395].
6.Woodford HJ George J (November 2008). Diagnosis and Management of Urinary Tract Infection in Hospitalized Older People. J AM Geriatr Soc. DOI:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2008.02073.x. PMID 19054190. Research Blogging.
7.Little P, Moore MV Turner S, Rumsby K, Warner G, Lowes JA et al. Effectiveness of five different Approach in management of urinary tract infection randomized controlled trial.. BMJ 2010; 3.40: cl DOI: 10.1136/bmj.c199. PMID 20139214. Pi PMC2817051 . Research Blogging.
8.Stamm WE, Schaeffer AJ (eds): The State of the Ar the Management of Urinary Tract Infections. Am JM 113(suppl 1A):IS, 2002.
9.Hooton TM et al: Acute uncomplicated cystitis in era of increasing antibiotic resistance: A propo approach to empirical therapy. Clin infect Dis 39: 2004 [ PMID: 15206065].
10.Little P, Turner S, Rumsby K, Warner G, Moore Lower JA et al. Dipstics and diagnostic algorithm in urinary tract infection: development validation, randomized trial, economic analysis observational cohort and qualitative. Health Technol Assess. 2009 Mar;13(19):iii-iv, ix-xi, 1-73. doi: 10.3310/hta13190.
Copyright © 2013 Khadanga Sagar & T. Karuna. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article:-
Jai Ram Kaundal1*, Nishant Negi2,V.P. Sharma3,G.K Singh4
Affiliation:-
1Assistant Professor,2Lecturer,Department. of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics;H.P.Govt. Dental College and Hospital; Shimla, Himachal Pradesh- 171001; India.
3Professor and Principal, Dental College Barabanki U.P.,India.
4Professor, Deptt. Of orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics,K.G.M.U.,Lucknow,U.P.India.
Abstract:
Aim:- To evaluate crowding in relation to tooth size, arch size and arch form in North-East Indian population. Material and methods-This study was conducted on study casts obtained from 40 subjects of North East origin who were divided into crowded and noncrowded group. For each of the subjects cumulative tooth width, arch width, arch length, arch perimeter, overjet, overbite, curve of spee, palatal vault height and arch form were measured. Student’s t test was used to compare two groups.
Results:- Crowded male samples had increased total tooth material with decreased arch perimeter and intermolar width. Crowded female sample had increased total tooth material with reduced arch perimeter and arch length. Conclusion:- Crowding was associated with reduced arch perimeter, reduced intermolar width and increased total tooth material in North-East Indian population.
Key Words: Arch form, Arch size, Crowding.
References:
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Article citation:-
Kaundal Jai Ram et al. Evaluation of crowding in relation to tooth size, arch size and arch form in North-east Indian population. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences (J Pharm Biomed Sci.) 2013 June; 31(31): 1199-1204.
Copyright © 2013 Kaundal Jai Ram et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article:-
Vijay Ramegowdanapura Malleshappa1,Jayasheelan Mambally Rachaiah2* & Niranjan Mambally Rachaiah3
Affiliations:-
1MD (General Medicine)., DNB (Nephrology), Consultant Nephrologist, Apollo BGS Hospitals, Mysore, Karnataka, India.
2MD (Internal Medicine)., DNB., MNAMS, Assistant Professor, Department Of Medicine, Mysore Medical College & Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, India.
3MD (Internal Medicine)., DNB., MNAMS, Assistant Professor, Department Of Medicine, Hassan Institute of Medical Sciences, Hassan 573201 Karnataka, India.
Abstract:
Background: Tacrolimus is an immunosuppressive agent which improves clinical outcomes in kidney transplant recipients. The risk of tacrolimus nephrotoxicity was higher in patients with high systemic exposure of tacrolimus during the early post transplant period. Hence we made an effort to monitor tacrolimus levels and related nephrotoxicity.
Aims: To find out the incidence of tacrolimus nephrotoxicity and to correlate with tacrolimus levels.
Materials and Methods: A prospective cross sectional study. Tacrolimus levels were estimated and looked for nephrotoxicity by renal biopsy. Pearson’s Chi Square test was applied.
Results: Tacrolimus level estimations done on 135 recipients. The average mean level was 6.9±1.8 ng/ml. Early tacrolimus toxicity was diagnosed in two (22.2%) recipients, while most (4–44.4%) were in the 4–6 months follow-up period. More rejection seen in recipients having lower mean tacrolimus levels in the early (≤30days) post transplant period. Four (44.4%) patients with tacrolimus toxicity had acute rejection. During
30 days there were two events of toxicity among patients having mean level >10 ng/ml.
Conclusion:No significant correlation found between average tacrolimus trough levels and nephrotoxicity. However patients with nephrotoxicity had high tacrolimus trough levels just before the event. Hence nephrotoxicity cannot be predicted based on mean tacrolimus levels alone.
Key Words: Tacrolimus Nephrotoxicity, Renal Transplantation, Graft Rejection.
References:
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2.Shapiro R, Young JB, Milford EL, et al. Immunosuppression: evolution in practice and trends, 1993-2003. Am J Transplant 2005;5:874.
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Article citation:-
Vijay R M, Jayasheelan M R, Niranjan M R. A correlative study of tacrolimus levels with nephrotoxicity in post renal transplanted patients. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences (J Pharm Biomed Sci.) 2013 June; 31(31): 1130-1136.
Copyright © 2013 Vijay R M, Jayasheelan M R & Niranjan M R. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article:-
Cemil Kavalci1*, Polat Durukan2, Mustafa Burak Sayhan3, Orcun Ciftci4, Yunsur Cevik5, Okhan Akdur6, Gulsum Kavalci7,Ozgur Sogut8 & Omer Salt2.
Affiliation:-
1Baskent University Faculty of Medicine, Emergency Department, Ankara, Turkey.
2Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Emergency Department, Kayseri, Turkey.
3Trakya University Faculty of Medicine, Radiology Department, Edirne, Turkey.
4Baskent University Faculty of Medicine, Cardiology Department, Ankara, Turkey.
5Keciören Research and Training Hospital, Emergency Department, Ankara, Turkey.
618 Mart University Faculty of Medicine, Emergency Department, Çanakkale, Turkey.
7Yenimahalle State Hospital, Anesthesialogy Department, Ankara, Turkey.
8Harran University Faculty of Medicine, Emergency Department, Sanliurfa, Turkey.
Abstract: Background and objective: Stroke is the leading cause of death and long-term disability in developed countries. We aimed to study the role of serum tau protein in distinguishing acute hemorrhagic stroke from ischemic stroke, and in the differential diagnosis of sub-types of ischemic stroke. Material and methods: Patients with acute stroke were prospectively enrolled. Serum tau protein levels were assayed. Statistical significance for intergroup differences was compared by Mann-Whitney U test or Kruskal-Wallis test for continuous variables. A p value less than 0.05 was accepted statistically significant. Results and Conclusion: A total of 100 consecutive patients and 20 healthy controls were evaluated. Of the patient group, 29 (29%) had brain hemorrhage on computed tomography and 71 (71%) had ischemic stroke. The median serum tau protein level was 378 pg/mL (90 pg/mL) in hemorrhagic stroke and 482 pg/mL (280 pg/mL) in ischemic stroke, and both were significantly higher compared to controls (p<0.05 for both). There was no significant difference between the ischemic stroke subgroups with respect of median serum tau protein levels (X2=4.258, p>0.05). We suggest that using serum tau protein may be useful to distinguish ischemic stroke from hemorrhagic stroke, but not the ischemic stroke subtypes from each other.
Key Words:- Emergency, Stroke, Tau protein.
References:
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Article citation:-
Cemil Kavalci et al. Serum TAU protein levels of stroke patients. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences (J Pharm Biomed Sci.) 2013, June; 31(31): 1113-1117.
Copyright © 2013 Cemil Kavalci et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
Original article:-
Singh Sapna*
Affiliation:-
*Assistant Professor, Department of Obs & Gynae, Rama Medical College, Kanpur ,India.
Abstract:
Introduction: Traditionally in many cultures around the world , labour pain is accepted and is not seen as an insurmountable problem. The pain in labour indicates to the parturient that the process of child birth has begun and she should go to a safe place for unfolding of same. Material and Methods: During the period from Jan. 2011 to Jan. 2012. We administered ketamine for alleviating pain of labour as a means of labour analgesia. A total 120 parturients requested for analgesia, from among the 400 deliveries conducted during the same period. Most of those requesting for analgesia, belonged to the higher socioeconomic group and had got over their fears of hallucination and effects it would have on the fetus. While most of them were primis, a few multiparous parturients requested for analgesia. The major maternal side effect noted was hallucinations, but none of these women reacted to them having been warned of the possible side effect. While no major effect on the fetus was noted, three babies had respiratory depression at birth necessitating administration of O2 and NICU observation for 24 hours. Result: We noted reduction on duration of labour in the ketamine administered group. Maternal and fetal tachycardia was noted but there were not to the extent necessitating any specific action. The overall immpression of the parturients given ketamine was positive and 92% said they would ask for it during their next labour. Conclusion: In this study, ketamine was found to be effective in relieving labour pain without affecting the labour process adversely. Further ketamine was found to be safe for the fetus.
Key Words:-Programmed labour, Ketamine, Respiratory depression, Dissociative anaesthesia.
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Copyright © 2013 Singh Sapna. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.