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Research article:-
Geoffrey Muriira Karau1, 2*, Eliud Nyagah Mwaniki Njagi1, Alex King’ori Machocho3, Laura Nyawira Wangai4, Peter Ng’aru Kamau5 & Paul Bundi Karau6
Affiliations:- 1Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kenyatta University, P.O Box 43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
2Kenya Bureau of Standards, P.O Box 54974-00200, Nairobi, Kenya.
3Department of Chemistry, Kenyatta University, P.O. Box 43844-00100, Nairobi,Kenya. 4Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya.
5Research and Development Division, Mount Kenya University, P. O Box 342-01000, Thika, Kenya.
6Kenya Methodist University, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, P. O Box 267-60200, Meru, Kenya.
Abstract:-
Senna spectabilis D. C Irwin has been used as a forkloric medicine to manage diabetes mellitus by the communities in south eastern part of Kenya. The present study evaluated in-vivo hypoglycemic activity of the aqueous and ethyl acetate extracts of S. spectabilis. The study used six groups of mice each of five mice. Diabetes mellitus was induced in five groups with 10% alloxan monohydrate at a dose of 186.9 mg/kg body weight. Non-diabetic control mice was orally administered with 0.1 ml physiological saline; diabetic mice with 0.075 mg of reference drug, glibenclamide at 3 mg/kg body weight; 1.25 mg, 2.5 mg, and 5 mg leaf and stem barks aqueous and ethyl acetate extracts in 0.1 ml physiological saline for 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight, and the other group of diabetic mice was given 0.1 ml physiological saline. Blood glucose level was determined after 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours. S. spectabilis exhibits a significant hypoglycemic activity in both aqueous and ethyl acetate extracts. The activity is either dose dependent or independent for the leaves and stem barks extracts, respectively. The study findings validate the forkloric use of this plant among the local communities of south eastern Kenya.
Key Words: Senna spectabilis, hypoglycemic activity, diabetic BALB/c mice, ethyl acetate extract and aqueous extract.
References:-
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Copyright © 2013 Karau Muriira et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article:-
*1Balaji Arumugam, 2Vinithra Varadarajan, 3Saranya Nagalingam
Affiliation:-
1Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, 2Final M.B.B.S Part II Student, 3Final M.B.B.S Part II Student. ACS Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, India.
Abstract:
Background and objectives: Musculoskeletal symptoms are the most common symptom in the primary care clinic affecting the economically productive age group. The extent of the problem is more among vehicle drivers because of the many factors like condition of the vehicle and roads, traffic levels, duration of driving etc. The objective of this study is to find out the burden of the musculoskeletal disorders among the vehicle drivers who drive for both occupational and non occupational purpose.
Materials and methods: This study was done as a cross sectional study among vehicle drivers in various traffic signals during March and April 2013 using Nordic questionnaire to assess the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and its risk factors.
Results and Discussion: The prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders was 77.4%, which was associated with poor road conditions, heavy traffic, more mechanical vibrations, discomfort while driving, shift duty, sitting type of job. The factors like increase in age, gender, physical exercise, obesity, sports activities, and type of vehicle and years of driving were not significantly associated with musculoskeletal disorders. The high prevalence of this disorders mandates that policy makers should be sensitized in relation to maintenance of road conditions, traffic congestion and also working conditions.
Key Words:- Musculoskeletal disorders, neck pain, shoulder pain, elbow pain, hand pan, upper back pain, lower back pain, hip pain, thigh pain, feet pain, Nordic style, road condition, heavy traffic, mechanical vibrations, discomfort while driving.
References:-
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Article citation:-
Balaji Arumugam, Vinithra Varadarajan, Saranya Nagalingam. Musculoskeletal disorders among occupational and non occupational drivers – A comparative cross sectional study. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences (J Pharm Biomed Sci.) 2013 June; 31(31): 1237-1244.
Copyright © 2013 Balaji Arumugam, Vinithra Varadarajan, Saranya Nagalingam. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article:-
Najia Rahim*1, Shagufta Nesar2, Shaheen Parveen3, Rabia Rehman2 & Sadia Shakeel1
Affiliation:-
1Dow College of Pharmacy, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
2Jinnah Medical & Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan.
3Faculty of Pharmacy, Jinnah University For Women, Karachi, Pakistan.
Abstract:- Background: Medical, dental and pharmacy students need computer skills and Internet access to excel in their academic and professional career. The present study was planned to analyze computer and internet use by undergraduate and postgraduate medical, dental and pharmacy students. Methodology: A questionnaire-based study was conducted from Jan’2012 to June ’2012 in four colleges and universities of Karachi, Pakistan. Undergraduate and postgraduate students of MBBS, BDS and Pharm.D programs were asked to respond to the questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were determined for the different variables of the questionnaire. One way ANOVA using 0.05 level of significance was performed to observe the influence of gender, age and educational status of students on their computer and internet access and usage. Results: Out of 500, 405 students responded to the questionnaire, 68.6% of students have their own computers, whereas, only 3% of students have computer access at public place or their college campus. 73.3% of students started using computer before the age of 15 years. 41.5% of students search internet for relevant webpages daily. Only 14.1% of students browse scientific literature and website like Pubmed, Pakmedinet, Google scholar on daily basis. Conclusion: It is concluded that students have computer and internet access. Students use computer and internet mostly for class assignments and less frequently for retrieving medical and scientific literature from website like Pubmed, Pakmedinet, Google scholar. It is recommended to focus on achieving learning objectives of these bachelor programs by channelizing their computer skills and internet access.
Key Words:-Medical, Dental, Pharmacy students, Computer skills, Internet access, scientific literature.
References:
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6.Uribe S, Marino RJ. Internet and IT use by dental students in Chile. Eur J Dent Educ. 2006;10:162-8.
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Article citation:-
Najia Rahim et al. Computer and internet use among medical, dental and pharmacy students of Karachi, Pakistan. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences (J Pharm Biomed Sci.) 2013, June; 31(31): 1118-1122.
Copyright © 2013 Najia Rahim et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article:-
S Kannan*, PM Anwar Sadath1, J Nandhakumar2, N Senthilkumar3 , Aniket** Kumar & MG Tyagi**
Affiliation:-
*, 1, 3 Department of Pharmacy Practice, JKKMMRF CP, Namakkal- 638 183, Tamil Nadu, India.
2 Department of Pharmacology, MNR Colllege of Pharmacy, Sangareddy-, A.P, India.
** Department of Pharmacology, Christian Medical College, Vellore - 632 002,Tamil Nadu, India.
Abstract:
Background & objectives: Pre-eclampsia is a syndrome characterized by hypertension and proteinuria that is occurring during the 2nd and 3rd trimester of pregnancy or after the 20th week of gestation. It can cause disseminated intravascular coagulation, vasospasm, sodium retention, and seizures; the occurrence of seizures in pre-eclamptic women marks the onset of eclampsia.
Methods: This study is conducted in BM hospital Pulikkal, Malappuram, Kerala. A total of 80 pre-eclamptic patients were enrolled in the treatment program. A prospective observational study was carried out and compared the safety and efficacy of Methyldopa and Nifedipine on maternal blood pressure as well as maternal and fetal outcomes in patients with pre-eclampsia, in which 40 patents were taking Methyldopa and the remaining 40 patients were taking Nifedipine.
Results: The study population is divided into two groups viz., Nifedipine and Methyldopa group. The reduction of systolic and diastolic blood pressure was greater in Nifedipine group than in Methyldopa group. The P value of systolic blood pressure after first review, second review and BP after 42 days was 0.001, which was significant. P value of decreasing blood pressure on first review and second review were 0.002 and 0.001 respectively, which was also significant. The reduction of proteinuria values was greater in Nifedipine group than Methyldopa group. The P value of proteinuria values after second review was 0.001, which was significant. P value of decreasing proteinuria value on first and second review was 0.001, which was also significant
Interpretation & Conclusions: Nifedipine administration resulted in beneficial effects on reducing both systolic and diagnostic blood pressure in pre-eclamptic patients. The Methyldopa also has considerable effect, but not to the extent of Nifedipine.
Key words:- Hypertension, Methyldopa, Nifedipine,Preeclampsia , Proteinuria, Pregnant.
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Article citation:-
Tyagi et al. A Prospective study comparing methyldopa and nifedipine for the treatment of hypertension in patients with pre-eclampsia in a tertiary care hospital, Kerela, India. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences (J Pharm Biomed Sci.) 2013 June; 31(31): 1123-1129.
Copyright © 2013 Tyagi et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article:-
*1Asadi-Shekaari M, 2Kalantari Pour TP, 3Namazian E, 4Arab Nejad F, 1Zangiabadi N, & 1Afarinesh Khaki MR
1Neuroscience Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
2Midwifery and Nursing Faculty, Branch of Kerman, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran.
3Midwifery student, Member of Student Research Committee, Kerman Medical University, Kerman, Iran.
4Medical student, Member of Student Research Committee, Kerman Medical University,
Kerman, Iran.
Abstract:
Background & objective for the study: Ischemic stroke is a major cause of death and disability in developed countries. Oxidative stress and inflammation are involved in the pathophysiology of this disease. Walnut kernels (WKs) are a highly nutritious food due to their large amount of phenolic compounds. These compounds have beneficial effects on human health due to their obvious antioxidant and anti-atherogenic properties. The aim of this study was to determine whether or not a WK diet had cerebroprotective effects on the focal ischemic brain.
Methods: Male Wistar rats were fed with equal amounts of a WK-enriched diet or a control diet. After 8 weeks of feeding, middle cerebral artery occlusion was induced for 30 min followed by 48 h reperfusion. After behavioural testing, the animals were sacrificed and their brains were removed for histological, ultrastructural, immunohistochemical and biochemical studies.
Results: The results showed that the animals which received a WK-enriched diet had a significant reduction in neuronal damage induced by ischemic reperfusion compared to the controls.
Conclusion: Our results suggest that pre-treatment with WKs reduces the severity of cerebral ischemic injury.
Key Words: Antioxidant; fatty acids; inflammation; MCAO; Walnut.
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Article citation:-
Asadi-Shekaari et al. Feeding with walnut (Juglans regia) reduces cerebral ischemic damage in rats. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences (J Pharm Biomed Sci.) 2013 June; 31(31): 1137-1142.
Copyright © 2013 Asadi-Shekaari et al.. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.