DocumentsDate added
Research article:-
*1Balaji Arumugam, 2Vinithra Varadarajan, 3Saranya Nagalingam
Affiliation:-
1Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, 2Final M.B.B.S Part II Student, 3Final M.B.B.S Part II Student. ACS Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, India.
Abstract:
Background and objectives: Musculoskeletal symptoms are the most common symptom in the primary care clinic affecting the economically productive age group. The extent of the problem is more among vehicle drivers because of the many factors like condition of the vehicle and roads, traffic levels, duration of driving etc. The objective of this study is to find out the burden of the musculoskeletal disorders among the vehicle drivers who drive for both occupational and non occupational purpose.
Materials and methods: This study was done as a cross sectional study among vehicle drivers in various traffic signals during March and April 2013 using Nordic questionnaire to assess the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and its risk factors.
Results and Discussion: The prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders was 77.4%, which was associated with poor road conditions, heavy traffic, more mechanical vibrations, discomfort while driving, shift duty, sitting type of job. The factors like increase in age, gender, physical exercise, obesity, sports activities, and type of vehicle and years of driving were not significantly associated with musculoskeletal disorders. The high prevalence of this disorders mandates that policy makers should be sensitized in relation to maintenance of road conditions, traffic congestion and also working conditions.
Key Words:- Musculoskeletal disorders, neck pain, shoulder pain, elbow pain, hand pan, upper back pain, lower back pain, hip pain, thigh pain, feet pain, Nordic style, road condition, heavy traffic, mechanical vibrations, discomfort while driving.
References:-
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Article citation:-
Balaji Arumugam, Vinithra Varadarajan, Saranya Nagalingam. Musculoskeletal disorders among occupational and non occupational drivers – A comparative cross sectional study. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences (J Pharm Biomed Sci.) 2013 June; 31(31): 1237-1244.
Copyright © 2013 Balaji Arumugam, Vinithra Varadarajan, Saranya Nagalingam. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article:-
Modi Syamal1*,2 & Chachan Smriti3,4
Affiliation:-
1Tutor, Department of microbiology, Patna Medical College, Patna, Bihar, India.
2Consultant microbiologist, Modi Diagnostics, Road number 11/F, Rajendra nagar, Patna-800016, Bihar, India.
3DNB Trainee (Family medicine), Apollo Gleneagles Hospital, Kolkata, India.
4Visiting consultant, Modi nursing home, Road number 11/F, Rajendra nagar, Patna-800016, Bihar, India.
Abstract:
Context: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is an important cause of morbidity especially in women, both in outpatient as well as in hospitalized settings. Prompt detection and treatment strategies are required for UTI, and in spite of the availability of a wide spectrum of antibiotics, UTI remains a major challenge for the clinician to treat especially with the emergence of new bacterial strains producing extended spectrum beta lactamases (ESBLs). Information on ESBL producing organisms causing UTI in India is limited. Current knowledge on antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of uropathogens is mandatory for appropriate therapy.
Aim: The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of UTI at a medical centre in Patna, perform phenotypic characterization of the urinary isolates and study their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns so as to identify the ESBL producers in the population of different uropathogens.
Materials and Methods: Two hundred urinary isolates from patients of clinically suspected UTI, presenting to a multi-speciality nursing home in Patna, were analyzed in this study. Urine cultures were performed on 5% sheep blood agar and Mac Conkey agar. The isolates were identified by conventional methods. Antimicrobial sensitivity test was performed on Mueller Hinton agar by the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method. The isolates resistant to cephotaxime were subjected to double disk synergy test method to detect ESBL production and the NCCLS-ESBL phenotypic confirmatory test to confirm ESBL production. Results: Females were found to suffer from UTI 1.85 times more frequently than males. Majority of patients (58.5%) were between 20-50 years of age. The gram negative bacilli were isolated more frequently (85.0%) than the gram positive cocci (15.0%). Majority of the isolates were Escherichia coli (60.0%) followed by Klebsiella spp. (17.5%) and Staphylococcus aureus (12.0%). The E. coli and Klebsiella isolates showed low sensitivity to ampicillin, cotrimoxazole and cephalosporins. All gram negative isolates were sensitive to imipenem. All gram positive isolates were sensitive to amoxycillin+clavulanate and vancomycin. Staphylococcus aureus strains showed low sensitivity towards ampicillin (21.78%) and cotrimoxazole (34.83%) but relatively higher sensitivities to the other antibiotics. 24.70% of gram negative bacilli were found to be ESBL producers, mainly 18 isolates of E.coli (15.0%) and 14 of Klebsiella spp. (40.0%). None of the gram positive isolates was found to produce ESBL. Among the 42 ESBL producers, 97.61% strains were resistant to ampicillin, 95.23% to cotrimoxazole, 85.5% to amikacin, 73.83% to ciprofloxacin and 69.04% to levofloxacin. The ESBL producing isolates of E.coli showed co-resistance of 94.4% against ampicillin and 88.88% to cotrimoxazole and those of Klebsiella spp. showed 100.0% co-resistance against ampicillin and cotrimoxazole. However, all the isolates of Enterobacteriaceae producing ESBL were sensitive to imipenem. Conclusions: Antibiotic resistance especially due to increasing prevalence of ESBL producers is becoming a big problem in the management of UTI patients. High rates of ESBL production may be due to indiscriminate use of extended spectrum antibiotics. Organisms confirmed to be ESBL producers should be reported resistant to all extended spectrum beta lactam antibiotics regardless of susceptibility results. It is important for clinical microbiology laboratory to be aware of these isolates and implement a method for detection of ESBL producing isolates. Active surveillance cultures, contact precautions for patients and judicious use of antimicrobials are required to significantly reduce the incidence of ESBL producers.
Key Words: Antimicrobial sensitivity, extended spectrum β lactamase, phenotypic, urine culture, urinary tract infection.
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Article citation:-
Modi Syamal & Chachan Smriti. Phenotypic characterization and detection of extended spectrum β-lactamase production in urinary isolates from UTI patients at a medical centre in Patna, India. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences (J Pharm Biomed Sci.) 2013 June; 31(31): 1184-1191.
Copyright © 2013 Modi Syamal & Chachan Smriti. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article:-
Kandula Satish1*,Lakshmana Kumar N2,Kartika Balaji S3,Siva Rama Krishna C4 & Hasika R5
Affiliation:-
1Associate Professor, Department of Ophthalmology,2Associate Professor, Department of Biochemistry,3Senior resident, Department of Anaesthesiology,4Postgraduate, Department of Pharmacology,5Postgraduate, Department of Ophthalmology,GSL Medical College, Lakshmipuram, Rajahmundry 533296, AP, India.
Abstract:
Background: Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is one of the micro vascular complication of diabetes and a leading cause of blindness. The aim of the study is to assess the prevalence of DR and its association with gender, age, duration of diabetes, and body mass index (BMI) in known cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus in urban and rural population of Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Methods: 293 known cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus were included in the present study for ophthalmological examination, BMI calculation after recording gender, age and duration of diabetes. Cases were divided in to normal cases and DR cases. Prevalence calculation and group wise analysis was done.
Results: Prevalence of DR is 19.1% at 95% confidence level (CL); confidence interval (CI): 4.5. There is significant variation of age (P value=0.000), duration of diabetes (P value=0.000) between normal cases and DR cases. There is no difference of BMI between groups. Female cases with DR have significantly higher BMI (P value=0.019). Cases with age over 60 and duration of diabetes of more than 10 years have higher risk of developing DR.
Conclusion: Regular screening and awareness programs are required to detect and prevent DR. Further analysis of other parameter is required to study DR in this area.
Key Words: Age; Body mass index; Diabetic Retinopathy; Duration of diabetes.
References:
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2.Shashank R Joshi, AK Das, VJ Vijay, V Mohan. Challenges in Diabetes Care in India: Sheer Numbers, Lack of Awareness and Inadequate Control. J Assoc Physicians India 2008;56:443-50.
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Kandula Satish et al. Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in known cases of type 2 diabetes in urban and rural population. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences (J Pharm Biomed Sci.) 2013, June; 31(31): 1256-1259.
Copyright © 2013 Kandula Satish et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original article:-
Singh Sapna*
Affiliation:-
*Assistant Professor, Department of Obs & Gynae, Rama Medical College, Kanpur ,India.
Abstract:
Introduction: Traditionally in many cultures around the world , labour pain is accepted and is not seen as an insurmountable problem. The pain in labour indicates to the parturient that the process of child birth has begun and she should go to a safe place for unfolding of same. Material and Methods: During the period from Jan. 2011 to Jan. 2012. We administered ketamine for alleviating pain of labour as a means of labour analgesia. A total 120 parturients requested for analgesia, from among the 400 deliveries conducted during the same period. Most of those requesting for analgesia, belonged to the higher socioeconomic group and had got over their fears of hallucination and effects it would have on the fetus. While most of them were primis, a few multiparous parturients requested for analgesia. The major maternal side effect noted was hallucinations, but none of these women reacted to them having been warned of the possible side effect. While no major effect on the fetus was noted, three babies had respiratory depression at birth necessitating administration of O2 and NICU observation for 24 hours. Result: We noted reduction on duration of labour in the ketamine administered group. Maternal and fetal tachycardia was noted but there were not to the extent necessitating any specific action. The overall immpression of the parturients given ketamine was positive and 92% said they would ask for it during their next labour. Conclusion: In this study, ketamine was found to be effective in relieving labour pain without affecting the labour process adversely. Further ketamine was found to be safe for the fetus.
Key Words:-Programmed labour, Ketamine, Respiratory depression, Dissociative anaesthesia.
References:-
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10.Claahsen-van der Grinten HL, Verbruggen I, van den Berg PP, Sporken JM, Kollée LA. Different pharmacokinetics of tramadol in mothers treated for labour pain and in their neonates. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2005; 61:523–9.
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Copyright © 2013 Singh Sapna. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article:-
*1Nagar R.C & 2Garg Ganga S
Affiliations:-
1Sr.Professor, Department of Surgery,2Assistant Professor,Department of Anesthesia, Jhalawar Hospital and Medical College Society,Jhalawar(Raj.)India
Abstract:-
Background: Blunt abdominal trauma is commonly caused by road accidents, fall from height and assaults. It is third commonest form of trauma after head injury and chest injury. Incidences are increasing day by day because of rapid increase in number of high speed vehicles on road. It is leading cause of death & disability in the first four decades of life.
Aim: To evaluate role of operative surgery following blunt injury abdomen with reference to different age groups, sex and mode of injury.
Methods and observations: 25 patients of blunt abdominal trauma were included, who were admitted in surgical wards of Jhalawar Medical College and Hospital, Jhalawar. Patients were evaluated on the basis of age, sex and mode of injury. Motor vehicles is the major cause (52%) of injuries to these patients. Spleen was injured in (36%), perforation of small intestines in (36%). Male and female ratio was 3:1.17 and 52% cases were from 21-30 years of age. A detailed clinical history, physical examination, laboratory tests, X-rays & CT Scan were done to evaluate the patients. In 20 Cases, laparotomy was done and 5 cases were treated conservatively.
Conclusion: 20 cases of blunt abdominal trauma were operated who had injuries as: spleen-7, Liver-1,Spleen and liver-1, perforation of small intestines-9, pancreatic contusion-1, duodenal transaction-1. While 5 cases were treated conservatively. Operate the patients who are unstable and have peritonitis & where monitoring facilities are not available. 5 Cases were treated conservatively as per USG/ CT scan evidences. USG abdomen and CT Scan are the best guiding evidences.
Key Words: Blunt trauma abdomen, spleen, liver, pancreas, intestines, duodenum, USG and Anesthesia.
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Article citation:-
Nagar R.C & Garg Ganga S. Prospective study on blunt abdominal trauma. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences (J Pharm Biomed Sci.) 2013 June; 31(31): 1233-1236.
Copyright © 2013 Nagar R.C & Garg Ganga S. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.