DocumentsDate added
Original article:-
*1Raut Mohan ,1Rajurkar Sampda,1Malkar Vilas,1Joge Umesh,2Sapkal Pravin & 1Wagh Sanjay
Affiliation:-
1Assistant Professor Department of PSM,2Assistant Professor, Department of Anesthesia, Government Medical College, Akola,Maharastra,India.
Abstract:
Background: HIV/ AIDS is one of the most urgent threat to global public health. The changing trend in the country indicates that HIV infection is spreading in two ways: From urban to rural areas and from individuals practicing high risk behavior to the general population called Type 4 pattern. Auto drivers considered to be the one of the important mediator between this two population groups and hence studied here. Methods: The present study was carried out among the 346 auto drivers in urban area of Akola during July 2012 to Dec2012. Universal followed by convenience sampling method was used for selection of study participants. The preformed semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect the information. Result and conclusion: A total 346 auto rickshaw drivers were studied. Majority 331 (95.7%) of them have heard about HIV and around 50% knew that it is STI. Of the four routs of transmission, around 50% had correct knowledge about three route of transmission but the fourth one i.e infected mother to her foetus correct knowledge was seen in only 36%. 54% auto drivers ask for new needles before injection, 5% had sex with FSW and 5% had multiple sex partners. In the present sample of Auto drivers, though majority had heard of HIV / AIDS, they didn’t have correct knowledge about transmission of HIV / AIDS and safe sex practices. Hence health education on HIV / AIDS along with safe sex and condom promotion needs to be inculcated among them.
Key Words:- HIV/AIDS, Route of transmission, Safe sex practice.
References:-
1.Agarwal S. Acquired Immuno-Deficiency Syndrome. In Bhalwar R (ed). Text book of Public Health and Community Medicine, 1st edition. New Delhi, Department of Community Medicine AFMC, Pune In collaboration with WHO, India office, 2009; 1163-73.
2.Sarkar P, Mostofa G, Rahman M. Knowledge of fearfulness of HIV / AIDS between floating and frequently moving population of three metropolitans cities in Bangladesh. Jour of infectious disease and Immunity 2013; 5: 1-9.
3.Chaudhary S S, Nagargoje M M, Kubde S S, Bhardwaj A K, Singh R. Knowledge and attitude of auto-rickshaw drivers about HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2011;77:197-9.
4.Singh G I, Girdha S, P.S. Gall, R.K. Soni, M. Satija, S. Sharma: HIV/AIDS Awareness Of Auto Rickshaw Drivers In Ludhiana City. Punjab – India. The Internet Journal of Health. 2008;8:266-71.
5.Jayadevan S, Jayakumary M. HIV/AIDS awareness among lorry/truck /taxi/auto drivers. Int Conf AIDS 2004;1511-6.
6.Chaturvedi S, Singh Z, Banerjee A, Khera A, Joshi R K, Dhrubajyoti D. Sexual behavior among long distance truck drivers. Indian J Community Medicine 2006;31: 153.
Article citation:-
Raut et al. Knowledge Attitude and Practice regarding HIV/ AIDS among auto drivers in one of the urban area of India. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences (J Pharm Biomed Sci.) 2013 June; 31(31): 1229-1232.
Copyright © 2013 Raut et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article:-
*1Nagar R.C & 2Garg Ganga S
Affiliations:-
1Sr.Professor, Department of Surgery,2Assistant Professor,Department of Anesthesia, Jhalawar Hospital and Medical College Society,Jhalawar(Raj.)India
Abstract:-
Background: Blunt abdominal trauma is commonly caused by road accidents, fall from height and assaults. It is third commonest form of trauma after head injury and chest injury. Incidences are increasing day by day because of rapid increase in number of high speed vehicles on road. It is leading cause of death & disability in the first four decades of life.
Aim: To evaluate role of operative surgery following blunt injury abdomen with reference to different age groups, sex and mode of injury.
Methods and observations: 25 patients of blunt abdominal trauma were included, who were admitted in surgical wards of Jhalawar Medical College and Hospital, Jhalawar. Patients were evaluated on the basis of age, sex and mode of injury. Motor vehicles is the major cause (52%) of injuries to these patients. Spleen was injured in (36%), perforation of small intestines in (36%). Male and female ratio was 3:1.17 and 52% cases were from 21-30 years of age. A detailed clinical history, physical examination, laboratory tests, X-rays & CT Scan were done to evaluate the patients. In 20 Cases, laparotomy was done and 5 cases were treated conservatively.
Conclusion: 20 cases of blunt abdominal trauma were operated who had injuries as: spleen-7, Liver-1,Spleen and liver-1, perforation of small intestines-9, pancreatic contusion-1, duodenal transaction-1. While 5 cases were treated conservatively. Operate the patients who are unstable and have peritonitis & where monitoring facilities are not available. 5 Cases were treated conservatively as per USG/ CT scan evidences. USG abdomen and CT Scan are the best guiding evidences.
Key Words: Blunt trauma abdomen, spleen, liver, pancreas, intestines, duodenum, USG and Anesthesia.
References:
1.Allen RB and Curry CJ : Abdominal trauma; A study of 297 conservative cases. Ann. Surg 1957; 93: 398-404.
2.Tsop, Rodrigue Z, et al : Sonography in blunt abdominal trauma, J. Trauma. 1992; 33 : 39.
3.Lucciarma P, ofner D et al : USG in the initial evaluation and follow up of blunt trauma injury, Surg 1993;114 : 506-12.
4.Jansen JO, yule SR, Loudon MA. “Investigation of blunt abdominal trauma”. BMJ 2008 April; 336 (7650) : 938-42.
5.Yeo A (2004) “Abdominal trauma” In chih HN, Ooi LL. Acute Surgical Management. World scientific publishing company pp 327-33. ISBN – 98 – 238 – 681 – 5.
6.Demetriades D, Velmahos G, Cornell E 3rd, et al, selective non operative management of gunshot wounds of the anterior abdomen. Arch. Surg 1997; 132:187-3.
7.Amal mattu, Deepi Goyal; Barrett, Jeffrey W, Joshua Broder. De Angelis, Michael, Peter Deblieux, Gus M, Garmel, Richard Harrigan, David Karras, Anita L’Italien, David Manthey (2007) Emergency Medicine, avoiding Pit falls and improving the out comes. Malden, Mass : Blackwell Pub. BMJ Books P.61. ISBN – 1 – 4051 – 4166 – 2.
8.Fitzergald JF, crawford ES, DeBakey MD, surgical consideration of non penetrating abdominal injuries. Am.J.Surg. 1960:100, 22-9.
9.Gazzaniga AB. Slanton WW, Bartlett RH. Laparoscopy in the diagnosis of blunt and penetrating injuries to abdomen Am. J. Surg 1996; 131 : 315 – 8.
10.Williams RD, Zollinger RM, Diagnostic & prognostic factors in abdominal trauma. Am J Surg 1959, 97:575.
Article citation:-
Nagar R.C & Garg Ganga S. Prospective study on blunt abdominal trauma. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences (J Pharm Biomed Sci.) 2013 June; 31(31): 1233-1236.
Copyright © 2013 Nagar R.C & Garg Ganga S. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article:-
*1Balaji Arumugam, 2Vinithra Varadarajan, 3Saranya Nagalingam
Affiliation:-
1Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, 2Final M.B.B.S Part II Student, 3Final M.B.B.S Part II Student. ACS Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, India.
Abstract:
Background and objectives: Musculoskeletal symptoms are the most common symptom in the primary care clinic affecting the economically productive age group. The extent of the problem is more among vehicle drivers because of the many factors like condition of the vehicle and roads, traffic levels, duration of driving etc. The objective of this study is to find out the burden of the musculoskeletal disorders among the vehicle drivers who drive for both occupational and non occupational purpose.
Materials and methods: This study was done as a cross sectional study among vehicle drivers in various traffic signals during March and April 2013 using Nordic questionnaire to assess the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and its risk factors.
Results and Discussion: The prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders was 77.4%, which was associated with poor road conditions, heavy traffic, more mechanical vibrations, discomfort while driving, shift duty, sitting type of job. The factors like increase in age, gender, physical exercise, obesity, sports activities, and type of vehicle and years of driving were not significantly associated with musculoskeletal disorders. The high prevalence of this disorders mandates that policy makers should be sensitized in relation to maintenance of road conditions, traffic congestion and also working conditions.
Key Words:- Musculoskeletal disorders, neck pain, shoulder pain, elbow pain, hand pan, upper back pain, lower back pain, hip pain, thigh pain, feet pain, Nordic style, road condition, heavy traffic, mechanical vibrations, discomfort while driving.
References:-
1.http://www.who.int/occupational_health/publications/oehmsd3.pdf.
2.http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/programs/msd .
3.Johnson WMS, Bertha A, Johnson P Prevalence of Upper Extremity Musculoskeletal Disorders among workers in an industrial town in Tamilnadu. J Clinical and Diagnostic Research. 2011 April;5(2):187-90.
4.Ghosh T, Das B, and Gangopadhyay S Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorder: An Occupational Disorder of the Goldsmiths in India. Indian J Community Med. 2010 April; 35(2): 321-5.
5.I. Kuorinka et al. Standardised Nordic questionnaires for the analysis of musculoskeletal symptoms. Applied Ergonomics 1987, 233- 7.
6.Imaekhai Lawrence. Musculoskeletal Illness in Nigeria Drivers: A Psychosocial and Physical Factors Perspective. Advances in Life Science and Technology 2012; 5:16 -20.
7.Troup, J.D.G., and Edwards, F.C. Manual Handling. A review paper. Health and Safety Executive. 1985.
8.Armstrong, T.J., Foulke, J.A., Joseph, B.S., and Goldstein, S.A. Investigation of cumulative trauma disorders in a poultry processing plant. American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal 1982; 43:103-16.
9.Oxenburgh, M.S., Rowe, S.A., and Douglas, D.B. Repetition strain injury in keyboard operators - Australia and New Zealand. . Journal of Occupational Health and Safety 1985; 2: 106-12.
10.Anap DB et al Work related musculoskeletal disorders among hospital nurses in rural Maharashtra, India: a multi centre survey. International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences. Int J Res Med Sci. 2013 May; 1(2):101-7.
11.Kilbom, A., Persson, J., and Jonsson, B. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 1, 37-47. Disorders of the cervicobrachial region among female workers in electronics industry. 1986.
12.Maeda, K., Hirayama, H., Chang, C-P., and Takamatsu, M. Studies on the progress of occupational cervicobrachial disorder by analysing the subjective symptoms of workmen in assembly lines of a cigarette factory. Japanese Journal of Industrial Health 1979; 21: 398-407.
13.Pope, M.H., Frymoyer, J., and Andersson, G.B.J. Occupational low back pain, Prager Press, Philadelphia. 1984.
Article citation:-
Balaji Arumugam, Vinithra Varadarajan, Saranya Nagalingam. Musculoskeletal disorders among occupational and non occupational drivers – A comparative cross sectional study. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences (J Pharm Biomed Sci.) 2013 June; 31(31): 1237-1244.
Copyright © 2013 Balaji Arumugam, Vinithra Varadarajan, Saranya Nagalingam. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Letter to Editor
Yadavalli Guruprasad1* & Dinesh Singh Chauhan1
Affiliations:-
*1Assistant Professor,1Reader, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery AME’S Dental College Hospital & Research Centre,Raichur-584103, Karnataka, India.
References:-
1.Van Hoof RF. Four kissing molars. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol.1973; 35: 284.
2.Manani A. Kissing molars: unexpected finding. Dent Update. 1998;25(5):219.
3.Bakaeen G, Baqain ZH. Interesting case: Kissing molars. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2005; 43: 534.
4.Krishnan B. Kissing molars. Br Dent J. 2008;204(6):281-2.
5.Boffano P, Gallesio C. Kissing molars. J Craniofac Surg. 2009; 20: 1269-70.
6.Gulses A, Varol A, Sencimen M, Dumlu A. A study of impacted love: kissing molars. Oral Health Dent Manag. 2012;11(4):185-8.
Article citation:-
Yadavalli Guruprasad & Dinesh Singh Chauhan. Hypoglycemic effect of aqueous and ethyl acetate extracts of Senna spectabilis in alloxan induced diabetic male mice. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences (J Pharm Biomed Sci.) 2013 June; 31(31): 1245-1246.
Copyright © 2013 Yadavalli Guruprasad & Dinesh Singh Chauhan. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research article:-
Kandula Satish1*,Lakshmana Kumar N2,Kartika Balaji S3,Siva Rama Krishna C4 & Hasika R5
Affiliation:-
1Associate Professor, Department of Ophthalmology,2Associate Professor, Department of Biochemistry,3Senior resident, Department of Anaesthesiology,4Postgraduate, Department of Pharmacology,5Postgraduate, Department of Ophthalmology,GSL Medical College, Lakshmipuram, Rajahmundry 533296, AP, India.
Abstract:
Background: Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is one of the micro vascular complication of diabetes and a leading cause of blindness. The aim of the study is to assess the prevalence of DR and its association with gender, age, duration of diabetes, and body mass index (BMI) in known cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus in urban and rural population of Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Methods: 293 known cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus were included in the present study for ophthalmological examination, BMI calculation after recording gender, age and duration of diabetes. Cases were divided in to normal cases and DR cases. Prevalence calculation and group wise analysis was done.
Results: Prevalence of DR is 19.1% at 95% confidence level (CL); confidence interval (CI): 4.5. There is significant variation of age (P value=0.000), duration of diabetes (P value=0.000) between normal cases and DR cases. There is no difference of BMI between groups. Female cases with DR have significantly higher BMI (P value=0.019). Cases with age over 60 and duration of diabetes of more than 10 years have higher risk of developing DR.
Conclusion: Regular screening and awareness programs are required to detect and prevent DR. Further analysis of other parameter is required to study DR in this area.
Key Words: Age; Body mass index; Diabetic Retinopathy; Duration of diabetes.
References:
1.Ronald C.W. Ma, Petr C.Y. Tong. Epidemiology of Type 2 Diabetes. In: Richard I.G. Holt, Clive S. Cockram, Allan Flyvbjerg, Barry J. Goldstein, editors. Text book of Diabetes. 4th ed. 20 West Sussex (UK): Wiley-Blackwell; pp.45-46.
2.Shashank R Joshi, AK Das, VJ Vijay, V Mohan. Challenges in Diabetes Care in India: Sheer Numbers, Lack of Awareness and Inadequate Control. J Assoc Physicians India 2008;56:443-50.
3.Bhavsar AR, Emerson GG, Emerson MV, Browning DJ. In: Browning DJ. Epidemiology of Diabetic Retinopathy. Springer, New York:2010.
4.Crawford TN, Alfaro DV 3rd, Kerrison JB, Jablon EP. Diabetic retinopathy and angiogenesis. Curr Diabetes Rev. Feb2009;5(1):8-13.
5.Rema M, Premkumar S, Anitha B, Deepa R, Pradeepa R, Mohan V. Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy in Urban India: The Chennai Urban Rural Epidemilogy Study (CURES) Eye Study-1. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005;46:2328-33.
6.Rani P K, Raman R, Chandrakantan A, Pal S S, Perumal G M, Sharma. Risk factors for diabetic retinopathy in self-reported rural population with diabetes. J Postgrad Med 2009;55:92-6.
7.Jost B. Jonas, Vinay Nangia, Anshu Khare, Arshia matin, Krishna Bhojwani, Maithi kulakarni. Prevalence and Associated Factors of Diabetic Retinopathy in Rural Central India. Diabetes Care 2013, 36:e69.
8.Simmons D, Clover G, Hope C. Ethnic differences in diabetic retinopathy. Diabet Med 2007;24(10):1093-8.
9.Varma R, Macias GL, Torres M, Klein R, Pepa FY, Azen SP; et al. Biologic risk factors associated with diabetic retinopathy: The Los Angeles Latino Eye Study. Ophthalmology 2007;114:1332-40.
10.Nathan DM, Singer DE, Godine JE, Harrington CH, Perimuter LC. Retinopathy in older type 2 diabetics. Association with glucose control. Diabetes 1986;35(7):797-801.
11.Klein R, Klein BE, Moss SE, Davis MD, DeMets DL. The Wisconsin epidemiologic study of diabetic retinopathy. III. Prevalence and risk of diabetic retinopathy when age at diagnosis is 30 or more years. Arch Ophthalmol 1984;102(4):527-32.
12.Hari KVS Kumar, SK Kota, A Basile, KD Modi. PROFILE OF Microvascular Disease in a Tertiary health Care Hospital in India. Ann med health Sci Res 2012;2(2):103-8.
13.Lakshmana Kumar N, Mallikarjuna Rao KVN, Kishore K, Priyadarsini DVS, Kiran Deedi M, Laxman Rao N. Awareness of Diabetes and its relation to prevalence of microalbuminuria in known cases of Type 2 Diabetes. Indian Journal of Public Health Research and Development. In press 2013.
Kandula Satish et al. Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in known cases of type 2 diabetes in urban and rural population. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences (J Pharm Biomed Sci.) 2013, June; 31(31): 1256-1259.
Copyright © 2013 Kandula Satish et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.